In an expansive feminist literature on gender and development, scholarly research on widows and widowhood remains limited, particularly within the context of Nepal. While there are some important exceptions, existing work reinforces stereotypes of widows as old and poor victims, and widowhood as essentially a marginalised and vulnerable status. This thesis seeks to confront such homogenous views and to 'rewrite' widowhood. In particular, it explores the diverse experiences of widowhood through the adoption of an intersectional life-course lens, conceptualises well-being from the embedded perspective of widows and examines the complex ways in which widowed women assert agency. This thesis is born out of a longstanding academic engagement with Nepali widows. Based upon ethnographic qualitative research, the study involved two periods of intensive research in the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal. The research was operationalised through a triangulation of qualitative methods resulting in a rich evidence base of eighty-one semi-structured interviews, eighteen oral histories, five focus groups and ten key informant interviews. This research shows that that widowhood is more complex than much of the scholarship to date suggests. Key findings include the particular salience of age, caste and the life course in shaping experiences of widowhood. It demonstrates that while widows' understandings of well-being can be categorised as material, perceptual and relational, relationships with children, family and the wider community in which they live underpin all of these. This research also uncovered widows' complicated and contradictory enactments of agency that can be placed on a 'resisting-conforming' continuum, and are shaped by gendered cultural norms, eschatological beliefs, temporality and intersectional identities. This thesis contributes to more nuanced empirical and theoretical understandings of widows and widowhood, intersectionality well-being and agency.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:15:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 William Hanke 1.pdf: 7659110 bytes, checksum: 9a9fb078a6e4e39bc26b4f7286915c1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 / This research of thought brings how the spaces can make the daily living of gay men in the city of Ponta Grossa – Paraná, between oppression situations to relief. To achievement this research, were interviewees eight people who self-identify as gay men, with ages between 19 to 33 years. For this, we use both the concept of space and intersectionality, relating them based on the daily life of people which are being discussed here. Moreover, the systematization of the dates that are presented was done from the semistructured interviews, which has been posted in a database of the free application suite for desktop, BrOffice. The research showed that spaces such as the home of the parents and the school have been or was spaces in their oppression of existences. It is the fact that the relationships that constitute them have been substantiated by hegemonic identities constructed. This trajectory of research also showed that public spaces that make their experiences to become of neutrality, according to the behaviors that are colluding to their normativities. Already spatiality church was represented by the majority of interviewees while a space of controversial intersection, this because the constitutions of their relations are contradictory, that is, at the same time oppression and relief. Finally, the relief areas were represented by the own home, house of a friends and the LGBT party scene. The results show that the relief spaces have relation with that what is built by the people themselves and their relations of affectivity. The results of this collective analysis showed that even people have different spatial experiences by sharing them certain identities they start to connect through of a process of solidarity for had also experienced relations of oppression or privilege in their lives. Thus, we understand that all the spaces that make up the daily living of gay men analyzed here, are spaces that have in their constitutions power relations, the result of identity hegemony, result of several power mechanisms, including the gender. / Essa pesquisa evidencia como os espaços podem compor a vivência cotidiana de homens gays na cidade de Ponta Grossa - Paraná, entre situações de opressão ao alívio. Para a realização dessa pesquisa, foram entrevistados oito sujeitos que se autoidentificam enquanto homens gays, apresentando idade entre 19 a 33 anos. Para isso, utilizamos tanto o conceito de espaço quanto o de interseccionalidade, relacionando-os a partir das vivências cotidianas das pessoas que aqui foram analisadas. Além disso, a sistematização dos dados que são apresentados foi feita a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, as quais foram lançadas em um banco de dados do suíte de aplicativos livre para escritório BrOffice. A pesquisa apontou que espaços como a casa dos pais e a escola têm sido ou foram espaços em suas vivências de opressão. Isso está no fato de que as relações que as constituem têm se fundamentado por identidades hegemonicamente construídas. Esta trajetória de pesquisa também evidenciou que os espaços públicos que compõem suas vivências passam a ser de neutralidade, de acordo com comportamentos que são coniventes às suas normatividades. Já a espacialidade igreja foi representada pela maioria dos entrevistados enquanto um espaço de intersecção controversa, isso porque as constituições de suas relações são contraditórias, ou seja, ao mesmo tempo de opressão e alívio. Por fim, os espaços de alívio foram representados pela casa própria, casa dos amigos e a balada LGBT. Os resultados apontaram que os espaços de alívio têm relação com aquilo que é construído pelos próprios sujeitos e suas relações de afetividade. Os resultados da análise coletiva das vivências espaciais destes homens gays evidenciaram que mesmo as pessoas tendo vivências espaciais diferentes, ao compartilharem de determinadas identidades passam a se conectar através de um processo de solidariedade por terem também vivenciado relações de opressão ou de privilégio em suas vidas. Assim, entendemos que todos os espaços que compõem a vivência dos homens gays aqui analisados são espaços que têm em suas constituições relações de poder, fruto de hegemonias identitárias, resultado de diversos mecanismos de poder, dentre eles o de gênero.

Submitted by Eunice Novais (enovais@uepg.br) on 2017-08-21T17:57:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Juliana Przybysz.pdf: 42658430 bytes, checksum: fb6aa6eaf09cb5b25acf9c70a4e2eb44 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-21T17:57:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Juliana Przybysz.pdf: 42658430 bytes, checksum: fb6aa6eaf09cb5b25acf9c70a4e2eb44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa tem como questão central: como se estabelecem as espacialidades de mulheres prostitutas no exercício de maternagens, na cidade de Ponta Grossa, Paraná? Para respondê-la, foram realizados dois levantamentos dos locais de prostituição na cidade, nos anos de 2013 e 2016, envolvendo a aplicação de 115 questionários. A partir desse levantamento, foi possível identificar três locais de prostituição utilizados por mulheres de baixa renda como as boates, bares e ruas específicas da cidade. A identificação das mulheres mães que exerciam a prostituição possibilitou a criação de vínculos durante as observações de campo e a realização de 12 entrevistas em profundidade. A inteligibilidade do fenômeno foi possível por meio da análise das entrevistas conforme metodologia de Silva e Silva (2016). As redes semânticas de sentidos do discurso das mulheres mães que exercem a prostituição na cidade de Ponta Grossa permitem afirmar que apesar de imperar a dicotomia das figuras de mãe e da prostituta, inclusive no imaginário das próprias prostitutas, esta é fruto do discurso hegemônico. As práticas simultâneas da maternagem e da atividade comercial sexual desenvolvidas pelas mulheres entrevistadas elucidam estratégias de ações complementares e interdependentes que fundem a identidade materna à da prostituta. Dessa forma, elas também evidenciam a constituição de um espaço relacional em que o público e o privado não estão opostos e dicotomizados. / This research has as central question: how are the spatialities of prostitutes women established in the practice of maternity, in the city of Ponta Grossa, Paraná? For respond to it, two surveys of the prostitution sites in the city were made, in the years 2013 and 2016, involving the application of 115 questionnaires. From this survey, it was possible to identify three places of prostitution used by low-income women, such as nightclubs, bars and specific streets of the city. The identification of mothers women who were carry out the prostitution has allowed the creation of bonds during the field observations and conduct 12 in-depth interviews. The intelligibility of the phenomenon was made possible through the analysis of the interviews according to Silva e Silva's methodology (2016). The semantic networks of the discourses of mother’s women who practice the prostitution in the city of Ponta Grossa make it possible to affirm that despite the dichotomy between the figures of the mother and the prostitute rules, even in the imagination of the prostitutes themselves, this is the result of the hegemonic discourse. The simultaneous practices of mothering and commercial sexual activity developed by the women interviewed elucidate strategies of complementary and interdependent actions that fuse the maternal identity to the prostitute identify. Thus, they also evidence the constitution of a relational space in which the public and the private are not opposed and dichotomized.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-06-29T20:57:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 53.pdf: 399455 bytes, checksum: 955520740f21244ef85e46b0105e4ae2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-29T20:57:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 53.pdf: 399455 bytes, checksum: 955520740f21244ef85e46b0105e4ae2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo do artigo é analisar a produção contemporânea de discursos sociais sobre a “saúde reprodutiva” no Brasil, com foco nas tensões discursivas ocasionadas em torno da Estratégia Rede Cegonha do Ministério da Saúde. Adotouse a perspectiva teórico-metodológica da análise crítica de discurso. Nas próprias críticas das feministas à Estratégia observamos, a partir de um olhar interseccional, uma ênfase maior na autonomia feminina na crítica das feministas brancas, e um olhar mais atento a outras dimensões por parte das feministas negras, tentando alargar a perspectiva da Estratégia às questões raciais. / The aim of this paper is to analyze the production of contemporary social discourse around the "reproductive health" in Brazil, with a focus on discursive tensions arising around the Stork Network Strategy of the Ministry of Health adopted was the theoretical-methodological analysis of the critical speech. In her own feminist critiques of the Strategy Network Stork observe greater emphasis on female autonomy in the critique of white feminists, and a closer look at other dimensions by the black feminists, trying to broaden the perspective of strategy to racial issues.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo discutir de que forma a interseccionalidade dos marcadores sociais de gênero, raça, classe e geração/idade atravessam a relação das mulheres com o Projeto Mulheres da Paz, transcorrendo pelos percursos que as levaram até este projeto social, como definem e entendem o sentido de “ser uma mulher da paz” e a relação deste projeto nos processos de subjetivação. Por meio dos relatos das trajetórias de vida de 10 mulheres da paz, a interseccionalidade destes marcadores sociais e seus atravessamentos na relação das participantes da pesquisa com o Projeto Mulheres da Paz foi descrita e analisada. Conceitos do campo das relações de gênero e sua articulação às questões interseccionais foram fios condutores deste estudo. A partir desta pesquisa foi possível elencar e compreender a magnitude das marcas concebidas pela interseccionalidade do gênero, da classe, da raça e da geração/idade na história de vida dessas mulheres, incidindo na maneira com que produzem sentido à suas participações neste projeto social. Além disso, por intermédio desse engajamento no programa, relevantes elementos imbricaram transformações nos processos de subjetivação, tais como o fortalecimento das relações comunitárias e o empoderamento Fatores que possibilitaram às entrevistadas mudanças nas suas relações familiares, aprendizados sobre relações de gênero e acesso aos direitos e a participação nos espaços públicos de maneira a serem reconhecidas e valorizadas. Outra questão apontada com veemência foi o desafio posto às práticas de trabalho/pesquisa que se pautam no olhar interseccional, em que a operacionalidade deste conceito nos interroga diante de sua complexidade, ao mesmo tempo em que nos convoca a uma perspectiva afinada e valiosa de análise das relações sociais de poder. Por fim, foi percebido que o campo das políticas públicas para as mulheres (e não só) precisa estreitar laços com a discussão teórica e prática das interseccionalidades, como forma de romper com riscos que reproduzam violação de direitos, apostando em estratégias que acionem mudanças nos jogos de poder vigentes na nossa sociedade. / This paper aims to discuss how the intersectionality of social markers, such as gender, race, class and generation/age go through the relationship of women in the Projeto Mulheres da Paz - Women of Peace Project, in free translation - moving along the paths that led them to this social project, how do they define and understand the meaning of "being a woman of peace" and the relation of this social project in subjective processes. Through the narrative of life trajectories given by 10 women of peace, the intersectionality of these social markers and their crossings in relation to the study participants in the Women of Peace Project had been described and analyzed. Concepts from the field of gender relations and their articulation to intersectional issues were conductive wires for this study. From this research, it was possible to list and understand the magnitude of the marks designed by gender intersectionality, class, race and generation/age in the history of life of these women, focusing on the way they produce meaning in their participations in this social project Moreover, through the engagement in the program, other relevant elements intertwined transformations in subjectivity processes, such as the strengthening in community relations and empowerment; factors that had enabled changes in the interviewees‟ family relationships, learnings about gender relations and access to rights and participation in public spaces, in order to be recognized and valued. Another issue strongly pointed was the challenge put to the working practices/research which were based on intersectional look, in which the operationalization of the concept questions us on its complexity, at the same time that calls us to a more finely tuned and valuable perspective analysis of the social relations of power. Finally, it was realized that the field of public policies for women (and not only) have closer ties with the theoretical discussion and practice of intersectionality as a way to break away from risks that reproduce violation. Betting strategies that trigger changes in the power games existing in our society.

Cuidado à população adulta em situação de rua em Lajeado, RS. Essa é a temática que orienta a pesquisa, que tem como objetivo central compreender como as pessoas adultas, em situação de rua, percebem e acolhem as estratégias de cuidado disponibilizadas pelo sistema de Proteção Social na cidade de Lajeado. Para embasar os objetivos da pesquisa, foram criados quatro capítulos conceituais para fundamentar teoricamente a proposta: A praça, o enredo, a história; Paulo, Joaquim e Márcio: quem são eles que compõem a história; Política da Assistência Social; Onde fica a praça? Onde se passa a história? Um pouco sobre Lajeado. Esta é uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou como metodologia grupos focais com a população em situação de rua de Lajeado. As falas disparadas nos encontros foram avaliadas pela análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin (2011). Após as transcrições, os conteúdos foram distribuídos em quatro categorias: Vida com Droga, Droga com Vida (versa sobre as relações estabelecidas com o uso de álcool e outras drogas em suas vivências nas ruas); Entre o real e o ideal(izado) (aborda a rede de serviços disponível na cidade, do mesmo modo que avaliam como necessário); Trabalho: o abre e fecha (discute formas de inclusão e exclusão que atravessam o mercado de trabalho); Quem (des) cuida de quem? (analisa as relações de cuidado que vivenciam na rua, que perpassam movimentos de acolhida e violência). Ao longo do processo de escrita do trabalho, foram realizados encontros com a proposta de discutir a construção da história. Nestes foram apresentados os resultados aos sujeitos participantes e, ainda, ocorreram práticas de cuidado como roda de conversa, lanche coletivo, risadas, etc. / Care to people on the street in Lajeado, RS. This is the theme that guides the research, which was aimed at understanding how the adults people on the street realize and embrace the strategies of care provided by the social protection system in the city of Lajeado. To support the objectives of the research, four conceptual chapters were created to theoretically support the proposal: The square, the plot, the story; Paulo, Joaquim and Márcio: who are they that make up the story; Politics of Social Assistance; Where is the square? Where does the story take place? About Lajeado. This is a qualitative study which used as methodology focal groups on the streets people of Lajeado. The statements triggered in the meetings were evaluated by content analysis proposed by Bardin (2011). After the transcripts, the contents were divided into four categories: Life on Drugs, Drugs with Life (it deals with the established relations with the use of alcohol and other drugs in their experiences on the streets); Between the real and the ideal (ized) (it addresses the network services available in the city, as well as evaluating as necessary); Work: opens and closes (discusses ways of inclusion and exclusion that cross the labor market); Who (un) takes care of whom? (It analyzes the care relationships they experience between them, or in their relations on the street, as well as how they perceive the care provided by the city services). At the end of the research and writing process, a meeting was held with the aim to discuss the construction of the story. The results were presented to the participating people and care practices also ocurred as conversation circle, collective snack, laughter, etc.

This research contributes to existing knowledge of intimate partner violence (IPV) by highlighting the lived experiences of female adolescent survivors through the examination of the lived experiences of seventeen participants. Framed within an intersectional feminist epistemology and informed by psychoanalytical theories, a hybrid of the Free Association Narrative Interview method (Hollway and Jefferson, 2001) and the Biographical Interview Method (Wengraf, 2002) was applied, allowing an in-depth analysis of the young women's adolescent experiences of IPV. The female participants' narratives highlighted significant levels of psychological, sexual and physical violence by various male partners, suggesting that gender is indeed a mediating factor. These experiences reflect Johnson's Typologies of Domestic Violence (2008). In addition, consideration of other intersecting factors, such as age, socioeconomic demographic information, familial exposure to IPV and previous IPV victimisation, highlighted the necessity to consider all factors when determining risk and experience (Potter, 2015). This research adds to the debate regarding gender symmetry of IPV perpetration and victimisation, with analysis of participants' experiences suggesting gender symmetry is not experienced by all adolescents, thus further exploration of this phenomenon is required. Similarly, participants experienced severe forms of physical, sexual and psychological violence at each stage of adolescence (early 10 to 13 years; middle 14 to 16 years; late adolescence and young adulthood 17 to 25 years) contradicting the oft held assumption that more severe violence occurs solely in adulthood. Analysis of participants' experiences of informal and formal support, and an exploration of participants' ideal prevention intervention model argues for a public health approach to preventing AIPV, with resources focused on primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Ultimately the young women felt that with appropriate education, support and intervention they could have avoided, or at least reduced, their exposure to abuse. Hence in order to reduce and/or prevent adolescents from experiencing IPV resources should be aimed at giving young people the information, skills and abilities to resist gendered inequalities and unhealthy relationship behaviours, and promote healthy and happy romantic and sexual relationships.

This study looks at school children´s intersectional experience with weight norms and tries to give insights on the issue of body normativities, from a feminist sport scientist point of view. Its purpose is to inform good practice in juvenile health education on the one hand and to contribute with intersectional feminist insights to the interdisciplinary dialogue on body weight and health on the other. The here presented research project has been conceived as a pilot study for the juvenile health program The Club of Strong Friends. It aims to answer the question how troubled subject positions in a curricular setting come to be and how children use their intersectional corporeality to navigate in and out of different positionings. Using workshops as a method, a workshop series called Self-worth, Body Weight and Health was carried out with children between 11 and 13 in 3 different public schools in the most eastern province of Austria in spring 2015. Four of these sessions constitute the material for the analysis which has been realized by using Staunaes´ conceptualisation of intersectionality and troubled subject positions. Results: It has been found that many children who conformed to normative body weight ideals drew attention to this fact. This was inter alia to claim an untroubled position within the group or overshadow a troubled position as an ethnic minority in a dominant Austrian school context. Being of non-normative body weight on the other hand often hindered children to connect with others and aggravated the participation in in-group activities. The data demonstrate that body weight plays a significant role in negotiating one´s intersectional position within the peer group. Non-normative body weight can thereby be a barrier for children to take part in a learning community. The findings also suggest that a variety of intersections that constitute children´s corporeal experiences within educational contexts are overlooked or insufficiently addressed within educational environments. Conclusion: Given this study´s findings, it is recommended to start incorporating intersectionality as an analytical tool and methodology in health promotion and health education in order to address pupils´ differences and intersections in a valuing non-oppressive way.

This thesis explores children's and teachers' perspectives on creativity, and its implementation, within one primary school classroom in Scotland. The data collection phase of the research employed an ethnographic approach, involving four and a half months of fieldwork in the primary school classroom. Data were generated from participant observation/informal conversations with children and teachers and one round of semi-structured interviews with twenty-five children (aged eleven to twelve) and two teachers. Creativity within primary education has been mainly studied through psychological research, which is mainly based on theories of developmental psychology. Such theories view creativity solely as an individual trait. Despite recognition of the importance of sociocultural issues to the flourishing of children's creativity, the study of their collaborative creativity has been neglected - particularly in relation to socio-cultural power dynamics. This thesis specifically analyses the balance between individual and collective creativity in the primary classroom, examines how collaborative creativity can acknowledge childhood diversity, and poses questions about how we include children with differing and complex identities in creative processes. Furthermore, this research has been carried out in Scotland, within the context of a fairly new curriculum, the Curriculum for Excellence. This curriculum has been viewed by some as a progressive, modern and motivating curriculum that enables children's autonomy, and by others as one that has been highly influenced by accountability and performativity regimes, which leave limited space for children's and teachers' autonomy. This thesis examines how the Curriculum for Excellence is interpreted in everyday practice and the extent to which it enables the cultivation of children's creativity. The thesis does so by shedding light on the practical interconnections between children's and teachers' agency, structural enablers/barriers, and cultural processes. The findings of this study show that children perceive, perform and embody creativity not only as an individual trait, but also as a collaborative process. However, the findings also show that collaborative creativity entails many complexities and that cultural barriers to creativity may emerge when power among people (children and teachers) operates in ways that create cultures of exclusion. The thesis concludes that the multiple identities of the Curriculum for Excellence, its multiple interpretations, and lack of coherence regarding what is expected of teachers, leads to a blurred landscape of implementation. The thesis argues that lack of a clear plan, strategy and framework for enabling creativity inhibits the founding principles of the Curriculum for Excellence from being achieved. The thesis also argues that environmental and structural barriers within the research setting inhibit the flourishing of children's creativity, but that the structural barriers can sometimes be overcome through the construction of enabling cultures. The thesis is able to define enabling cultures as cultures that value diversity, promote inclusion, and view space not as static, but as a dynamic process. In so doing, the findings of this study emphasise the interconnected importance of: viewing creativity as an individual trait; perceiving creativity as a collaborative process; and thinking in spatial terms, for example, in ways that create the space for children to perceive, perform and embody creativity in their diverse, but equally valuable ways. This finding enables this study to argue that there is a need for future policies and curricula which promote and encourage greater flexibility in teaching and learning practices, in order to enhance children's and teachers' agency and thus allow them to collaboratively create the types of enabling environments, originally envisaged by the Curriculum for Excellence, that will allow children's creativity to flourish.

A pesquisa que deu origem a esta dissertação investigou as maneiras pelas quais as componentes do Bloco Afro Ilú Obá De Min: Educação, Cultura e Arte, operacionalizam e articulam os marcadores sociais da diferença raça, gênero e sexualidade no sentido de entender como, a partir desta articulação, o grupo construiu um diálogo e agenciou políticas culturais e os discursos sobre cultura e identidade negra na cidade de São Paulo. Os discursos acerca dos temas em tela são entendidos aqui como categorias política. Neste estudo percorremos quatro pontos fundamentais: a história do carnaval no Brasil o lugar ocupado pelo Ilú Obá no carnaval paulistano; os processos que deram origem ao bloco, sua composição artística e o perfil das integrantes; as dinâmicas das relações de raça, gênero e sexualidade no interior do bloco; o trânsito entre o Bloco Afro Ilú Obá De Min e o seu Ponto de Cultura Ilú Oná: Caminhos do Tambor. / The research that led to this dissertation investigated the ways in which the components of the Bloco Afro Ilú Obá De Min: Educação, Cultura e Arte articulate the social markers of difference race, gender and sexuality in order to understand how, from this intersection, the group built a dialogue and made use of cultural and political discourses about black identity and culture in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The speeches under scrutiny here are understood as political categories. In this study we focused four key points: the history of carnival in Brazil and the position occupied by Ilú Obá in São Paulos carnival; the processes that led to the creation of the Bloco, its artistic composition and profile of members; the dynamics of race, gender and sexuality within the Bloco; and the traffic between the Bloco Afro Ilú Oba De Min and its transformation in the Ponto de Cultura Ilú Oná: Caminhos do Tambot.