Thesis (MPAM.) -- University of Limpopo, 2021 / Globally, land reform has been a burning issue and where it was implemented, it has resulted in both successes and failures. The problems that engulf land reform illustrate that government’s programmes often fail to address the socio-economic conditions of the land claimants. As such, this study undertook to examine government interventions in addressing beneficiaries affected by land restitution in Limpopo province with specific reference to Tshifhefhe community located in Makhado Local Municipality. The study is an examination of governmental interventions in addressing beneficiaries affected by land restitution. The institutional mechanisms used to support land restitutions are considered for discussion. The study focused mainly at the Tshifhefhe community in Limpopo province where the need to restore the land forcibly taken from the community was considered. The restoration is necessary for improvement of their wellbeing, intensification of democracy and emancipation as well as restoration of previously marginalised people. The study adopted a qualitative approach and a case study design. The utilised approach described and explored Tshifhefhe beneficiaries’ perceptions, attitudes, views and feelings about the government’s interventions in their restored land. The findings point to the fact that government has been found to have provided inadequate support in terms of training on land management, marketing and administration of these beneficiaries including the Tshifhefhe restituted land. It is recommended that the government should intervene in the restored land projects by providing capacity building programmes, assessment of failures and successes in other restored land, mentoring, development and implementation of progressive and sustainable land policies and programmes.

It´s of great importance for both democracy and integration that people have an equal opportunity to participate in society. The main challenge today, which of course is even the greatest enemy of democracy and integration, is exclusion. Active forms of collaboration are required to meet this challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Umea municipality´s investment in integration and investigate how immigrants who came to Umea a number of years ago today experience their own integration into Swedish society. This study was conducted with qualitative strategy of individual semi-structured interviews. The result shows that 6 of 8 users were very satisfied with the way our Umea municipality received them and helped them to get into society and out into the labor market. Much of this was due to municipal initiative with different meeting places for immigrants and Umea citizens, which had a very positive impact on the social network of immigrants.

Strengthening health care systems in government meant cost containment and improved equity. Escalating costs and poorly constructed strategies are weakening the efficiency and effectiveness of service delivery in health care. This has a negative impact on value creation and internal processes as critical elements such as human capital, information and organisational capital are not aligned with strategies and roll-out plans for HIV/Aids interventions. This research study therefore questioned the extent to which these strategies have impacted on the roll-out plans for HIV/Aids interventions, and investigated if the utilisation of public-private partnerships (PPP) resulted in applying fiscal reponsible mechanisms in health care reforms (effectively, efficiently, economically and equitably (4Es)). Trends in the new public management (NPM) movement inspired a shift towards business-like reforms and saw PPP as a mechanism that improved efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery as it offered the promise to strengthen the capacity of government policy. The study aimed to put forward value-creating strategies and develop a best practice model that strengthened government’s policy capacity by providing efficient, effective, economical and quitable service in health care and thereby improving strategies that impact on the roll-out plans for HIV/Aids. This comparative study comprised four international case studies (developed and developing countries) which presented benchmarks against which the performance of the national case study was measured. A better understanding of the influence which different ideologies had on the architecture of international and global governance structures was gained as it highlighted and compared the key issues that influenced strategies for HIV/Aids intervention between the developed and developing countries. Results of the study indicated that there are conflicting views between government departments in how to achieve value-for-money outcomes and their application of risk allocation. The conflicting views widened the gap between public and private governance structures and relations. The focus of the PPP definition as applied in the national context of health care is not percieved as being health-specific or effective as it excludes some forms of interactions occurring in the health sector. PPP goals emphasised efficiency, affordability and value-for-money approaches, while health care goals emphasised the interest of the “patient” and public health. / Thesis (PhD (Public Affairs))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA) / unrestricted

Children with ASD are characterized by impairments in socialization and communication, as well as by the presence of repetitive behaviours and limited interests. Their impairment often influences their participation in everyday ac-tivities and by extension their social engagement in playful activities with their peers is affected. Researches set play as the leading activity for a child’s development, because it is identified as the means that can deliver various mental tools and teaching strategies to preschoolers. Purpose of this systematic literature review is to identify play interven-tions that describe the procedures aiming in promoting the social engagement of preschoolers with autism. This review will also examine the people that implemented these interventions, in order to provide information and guid-ance for all professionals and educators that may need them. Search in the three databases, ERIC, CINAHL and PsychINFO was performed. Seven articles were found to meet all criteria and were divided based on the similarities on the design and the procedures that were followed. The results of the study led to three play interventions that used the ASAP and JASPER intervention programs in order to examine the social communication of children with autism leading to their social engagement. The remaining findings resulted in four different kind of interventions that use play as the context for either increasing social engagement or promoting engagement of students with ASD with their peers. These interventions include auditory, dance and video modelling interventions. The Zone of Proximal Development was used as the theoretical framework to support the ideas mentioned, since it points out the role of play in the child’s development. However, this study highlights the need for further investigation regarding the pro-motion of social engagement of preschoolers with ASD. The level of the social engagement of children with ASD are rarely investigated in the natural context of schools during their everyday peer-to-peer play interactions.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Cancerpatienter som genomgår cytostatikabehandling får ofta biverkningar i form av illamående och kräkningar. Ett långvarigt illamående kan ge upphov till både psykiska och fysiska konsekvenser, som ett försämrat allmäntillstånd, minskad livskvalitet och minskat välbefinnande. De antiemetika läkemedlen som finns mot Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) fungerar i många fall inte helt optimalt för patienterna, och många patienter är villiga att testa icke-farmakologiska metoder som ett komplement. Syftet: att belysa icke-farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder mot cytostatika-inducerat illamående hos vuxna patienter. Metoden var en allmän litteraturstudie som genomfördes med tolv stycken vetenskapliga artiklar som granskades med hjälp av en fem-stegs modell. Resultatet visade på att icke-farmakologiska metoder kan ha effekt mot CINV och presenteras i tre huvudkategorier, Akupunktur, Akupressur och Avslappningsmetoder och muskelavslappning. Slutsatsen att icke-farmakologiska metoder har effekt mot CINV men att det behövs mer forskning i Europa och Sverige för att kunna tillämpa metoderna mer frekvent i den svenska hälso-och sjukvården än vad det görs idag. Det av vikt att sjuksköterskor som träffar dessa patienter som lider av CINV har kunskap om de olika icke-farmakologiska metoderna. / Background: Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy often experience side effects in form of nausea and vomiting. Prolonged nausea can give rise to both psychological and physical consequences for the patient, the quality of life and well-being can decrease. The antiemetic drugs that are available against CINV does not work perfectly in many cases, and many patients are willing to try non-pharmacological methods as a supplement. The aim was to elucidate non-pharmacological nursing interventions against chemotherapy-induced nausea in adult patients. The study method was design as a structured literature review conducted with twelve scientific articled that was analyzed with a five-step model. The results of this literature study showed that treatment with non-pharmacological methods had a relieving effect. The result is presented in three main categories: Acupuncture, Acupressure and Relaxing Methods. The conclusion that non-pharmacological methods have an effect on CINV, but more research is needed in Europe and Sweden to be able to apply these methods more frequently in the Swedish health care system than it is done today. The conclusion is that non-pharmacological methods have an effect on CINV, but more research is needed in Europe and Sweden to be able to apply these methods more frequently in the Swedish health care system than is done today. It is important that nurses who care for these patients need education in the various non-pharmacological methods.

Bakgrund: Det finns kunskaper om rökningens risker, orsaker till att sjuksköterskor röker, hur rökningen påverkar viljan till att genomföra omvårdnad i rökavvänjning och prevention och rådgivning. I studier har det framkommit att det finns ett utbildningsbehov bland sjuksköterskorna rörande omvårdnadsinterventioner inom rökavvänjning bland patienter. Det saknas kunskap kring vilket stöd utbildning ger i omvårdnadsarbetet för rökavvänjning. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att belysa sjuksköterskans utbildning i rökavvänjning och på vilket sätt utbildningen stödjer sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsinterventioner inom rökavvänjning. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en forskningsöversikt där tretton originalartiklar analyserades med deduktiv innehållsanalys. Som stöd för analysen användes Fawcetts metabegrepp för omvårdnad. Resultat: Fyra teman framkom som belyser det stöd som utbildning kan ge sjuksköterskan i omvårdnadsåtgärder inom rökavvänjning; Utbildning som stöd till att känna sin egen roll och människosyn, Utbildning som stöd till att skapa hjälpande relationer, Utbildning som stöd till att uppmuntra och behandla och Utbildning som stöd till förmåga och självkänsla att utföra omvårdnad. Slutsats: Utbildningens stöd till sjuksköterskan vid rökavvänjning är att hon får kännedom om sin egen roll och människosyn, kan motivera och behandla patienten liksom skapa hjälpande relationer åt denne och får förmåga och självkänsla i att utföra omvårdnaden. Klinisk betydelse: Den här studiens kliniska betydelse är att den belyser vikten av sjuksköterskans utbildning i rökavvänjning och hur den kan stödja sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsinterventioner i detta. / Background: There is existing knowledge to be found about the risks about smoking, causes that nurses smokes themselves, how it interferes with their own motivation to perform preventive interventions and smoking cessation for the patients. Studies have shown that a need for education exists among nurses for interventions in smoking cessation. But knowledge is lacking about what kind of support education might give nurses in their interventions for smoking cessation. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurse’s education and in what way it can support nursing interventions in smoking cessation. Method: The study was conducted as a research-study where thirteen scientific articles were analyzed with deductive content analysis with Fawcetts metaconcepts for nursing. Result: The analyze resulted in four thematic findings for the support which education might give the nurse in interventions for smoking cessation; Education as support for knowing once role and beliefs, Education as support for creating helping relations, Education as support for encouragement and treatment and Education as support for capacity and self-efficiacy in nursing interventions. Conclusion: Educations support to the nurse in performing interventions in smoking cessation is that it gives knowledge about one’s own role and beliefs, how the nurse can motivate and treat the patients as well as creating heliping relations for them and support the nurse’s own capacity and self-efficiacy in the nursing interventions. Clinical significance: The clinical significance of this study is that is describes the value of the education of the nurse in smoking cessation and how it can support the nursing interventions in this subject. / <p>Röda Korsets sjuksköterskeförening stipendium 2013</p>

A systematic review of studies pertaining to employment interventions for consumers with HIV/AIDS was conducted in order to ascertain what programs and services have resulted in employment for people in this population. Research shows that programs specifically designed for individuals with HIV/AIDS have been beneficial for this population in regards to obtaining employment. This study discusses four employment interventions for people with HIV/AIDS including participation rates and employment outcome for program participants. A review of literature pertaining to employment interventions for individuals with HIV/AIDS is presented. Additionally, the systematic review methodology and results are presented. Finally, I discuss the results, limitations in regards to conducting the study, current research and recommendations for future research.

In lifetime risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) are at the greatest risk of all demographic groups. Creative modes of engagement have been established to reach this group in prevention efforts, including prevention programming in community-based organizations such as churches. Church-based HIV prevention is an emerging area of research and existing studies fall into one of three categories: BMSM’s perspectives on church and church-based HIV prevention, church leaders’ and members’ perspectives on HIV prevention in their congregations, and reported outcomes of HIV prevention interventions that have been conducted in church settings. Given the paucity of research in this area, a scoping analysis was conducted to survey the existing studies in order to identify overarching themes and gaps for future research efforts. In a review of the research, facilitators and barriers to successful implementation of HIV programming in churches emerged. Prominent barriers were stigmatizing sermons given in church and pastoral denial that HIV is a relevant issue to the Black community. Facilitators reported commonly were BMSM’s comfort found in faith and a pastor’s blessing of HIV prevention efforts in churches. Interventions primarily reported lessons learned in implementation of church-based HIV programs. A frequently reported lesson learned was the importance of close collaboration with participant churches to develop program curricula that were effectively couched within church doctrine, and that would be received well by church members. Some interventions also measured intervention efficacy outcomes, one of which showed a statistically significant decrease in HIV stigma post-intervention. This research has important implications for the effective development, implementation, and reporting of outcomes for future, church-based HIV interventions. As research in HIV prevention in the church continues to develop, it may be able to serve as a template for other community-based HIV prevention efforts and open doors for inclusion of other high risk groups such as injection drug users and sex workers.

Childhood obesity is a serious concern that requires the attention of the behavioral community. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2007) recommends that children engage in physical activity for 60 minutes per day. Children spend the majority of their day in school, making school an ideal environment to increase the opportunity for physical activity. Simple, straightforward interventions that can be applied in the school setting, which take into consideration the environment and focus on maintenance by making the process of engaging in physical activity reinforcing, are greatly needed. Video games have been noted in the literature as a contributor to childhood obesity; however, newer video gaming technology, called exergaming, has been designed to capitalize on the reinforcing effects of video games to increase physical activity in children. This study evaluated the effects of exergaming on physical activity among four inactive children in a physical education classroom. Results showed that the exergaming condition produced substantially more minutes of physical activity than the PE condition. In addition, the exergaming condition was socially acceptable to both the students and the PE teacher. Exergaming appears to hold promise as a method for increasing physical activity among inactive children and might be a possible intervention for childhood obesity.