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Bakgrund: Våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer är ett vanligt förekommande problem i samhället. Våldet kan visa sig i olika former och skapar ett stort lidande för den utsatta. Hälso- och sjukvården har skyldigheter kring rutiner och riktlinjer angående patienter som misstänks utsättas för våld. Med ökad kunskap och förståelse kan sjuksköterskan lättare uppmärksamma och hjälpa kvinnor ur destruktiva relationer. Syfte: Öka förståelsen kring vilka faktorer som bidrar till att kvinnor stannar kvar i destruktiva relationer. Metod: Genom en kvalitativ metod granskades sex stycken självbiografier med en induktiv ansats. Datan analyserades och delades in i kategorier vilket skapade en ny helhet för att svara till syftet. Resultat: Det framkommer fem faktorer som bidrar till att kvinnorna stannar kvar i de destruktiva relationerna. Utplånad identitet, beroende, förnekelse, hotbild och en bristfällig vård. Konklusion: Utplånad identitet, beroende, förnekelse, hotbild och en bristfällig vård var bidragande faktorer till att kvinnor stannar kvar i destruktiva relationer. Genom ökad förståelse och kunskap inom ämnet kan sjuksköterskan på ett bättre sätt fånga upp dessa utsatta kvinnor. De kan då erhålla en god vård och minska ett onödigt lidande, samt främja dess hälsa och välbefinnande. / Background: Violence against women in close relationships is a common problem in society. The violence can manifest itself in various forms and creates great suffering for the victim. The healthcare system has obligations regarding routines and guidelines regarding patients who are suspected of being exposed to violence. With increased knowledge and understanding, the nurse can more easily pay attention to and help women out of destructive relationships. Aim: Increase understanding of which factors contribute to women remaining in destructive relationships. Method: Using a qualitative method, six autobiographies were examined with an inductive approach. The data was analyzed and divided into categories, which created a new whole to answer the purpose. Findings: There are five factors that contribute to the women remaining in the destructive relationships. Obliterated identity, addiction, denial, image of threat and inadequate care. Conclusion: Obliterated identity, addiction, denial, image of threat and inadequate care were contributing factors to women remaining in destructive relationships. Through increased understanding and knowledge in the subject, the nurse can better identify these vulnerable women. They can then receive good care and reduce unnecessary suffering, as well as promote their health and well-being.

Våld i nära relationer är ett allvarligt globalt problem som drabbar främst kvinnor i relation till en man. Våldet innefattar främst psykiskt, fysiskt och sexuellt våld. Våldets omfattning uppfyller samma kriterier som för tortyr och den farligaste platsen för en kvinna idag är det egna hemmet. I Sverige dödas omkring 19 kvinnor varje år till följd av partnerrelaterat våld. Då sjuksköterskan oftast har den första kontakten med våldsutsatta kvinnor är det av stor vikt att utforska hur sjuksköterskor upplever möten med kvinnorna. Bemötandet från sjuksköterskan har en central roll och är avgörande i huruvida kvinnan känner trygghet i att öppna upp sig och berätta om våldet. Syftet med studien är att belysa sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda kvinnor utsatta för mäns våld i nära relation. Denna studie är en allmän litteraturöversikt som innefattar en sammanställning av tidigare forskning. Åtta artiklar valdes ut för att svara på studiens syfte. Utifrån dessa artiklar kunde tre huvudteman och åtta subteman identifieras till resultatet. Huvudfynden visar att sjuksköterskor upplever bristande kunskaper kring handläggning av utsatta kvinnor, vilket skapar osäkerhet i vårdandet. Sjuksköterskor upplevde maktlöshet och bristande stöd från arbetsgivare och kollegor. Arbetet med våldsutsatta kvinnor upplevdes som något komplext och kräver därför goda kunskaper. Sjuksköterskor är i behov av utbildning i att identifiera och vårda våldsutsatta kvinnor, men behöver även motiveras till att inta ett vårdvetenskapligt förhållningssätt där respekt för kvinnan och bibehållandet av hennes värdighet är i fokus. / Intimate partner violence is a serious global problem that mainly affects women in a relationship with a man. The violence mainly includes psychological, physical and sexual violence. The extent of the violence meets the same criteria as for torture and the most dangerous place for a woman today is her own home. In Sweden, around 19 women are killed each year as a result of partner-related violence. As nurses usually have the first contact with women exposed to violence, it is of great importance to explore how nurses experience these meetings. The treatment from nurses has a central role and is decisive in whether the woman feels secure in opening up and talking about the violence. The purpose of the study is to shed light on nurses' experiences of caring for women exposed to men's violence in an intimate relationship. This study is a general literature review that includes a compilation of previous research. Eight articles were selected to answer the purpose of the study. Based on these articles, three main themes and eight subthemes could be identified for the result. The main findings show that nurses experience a lack of knowledge regarding care for vulnerable women, which creates uncertainty. Nurses experienced powerlessness and a lack of support from employers and colleagues. The work with abused women was perceived as somewhat complex and therefore requires good knowledge. Nurses are in need of training in identifying and caring for women exposed to violence, but also need to be motivated to adopt a nursing scientific approach where respect for the woman and maintaining her dignity is the focus.

<p>I examine female aggression as a competitive strategy for achieving reproductive success. In Chapter 1 an evolutionary theory of female aggression is presented. In Chapter 2 intrasexual competition for mates is considered by examining longitudinal links between aggression and dating behaviour among male and female adolescents. Results indicated that indirectly aggressive boys and girls were significantly more likely to have a dating partner at 1-year follow-up. Adolescents who reported being victimized by their peers were significantly less likely to have a dating partner at follow-up.</p> <p>In Chapter 3 I examine female mate-guarding behaviour. Results demonstrated that aggression toward peers and partners was greater among heterosexual females who perceived intrasexual competitors as being more attractive than them. These links were mediated by romantic jealousy. Females perceiving themselves as more attractive than peers frequently reported being targets of females’ peer-aggression. The findings of chapters 2 and 3 suggest that females actively compete to attain and retain mates.</p> <p>Chapter 4 examines implications for male victims of female aggression. We found that male victims of female partner violence were lower in testosterone than were non-victimized males. Participants held more negative attitudes toward male versus female victims. Males were less likely to seek-help and were more likely to minimize their perceived victimization. These findings suggest threats to male dominance and greater stigma likely reinforce males’ minimization and concealment of victimization.</p> <p>This dissertation contributes to the field of aggression by empirically demonstrating evolutionary-based motives and functions of female aggression as a strategy for bolstering reproductive fitness.</p> / Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

<p>Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) includes physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. Under conditions of pronounced gender inequality, there is evidence that IPV represents an institutionalized practice in India. We investigated the feasibility of screening women for IPV at an orthopaedic hospital in India. Specifically, we assessed prevalence of IPV, method of questionnaire administration, response rate, availability of community services, environment of administration, and perspectives of health professionals regarding screening in this environment. We administered validated questionnaires to consenting women. The instrument was a compilation of two questionnaires designed for assessment of IPV status in primary care practices. Health professionals involved in conducting the study and in managing care for patients were also interviewed. Data from the interviews were analyzed for themes. Lastly, the investigator kept a field log with observations and interpretations to address other aspects of feasibility. Of 48 eligible women, 47 consented. All participants completed the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) and 45 completed the Composite Abuse Scale (CAS). Therefore, the response rate was high. Prevalence ranged between 30% (WAST) and 40% (CAS). Method of administration most used was self-report, which indicated a greater disclosure than interview-administration. The environment at this private hospital was considered adequate for conducting a larger study and we found several support networks in the area to help patients who disclosed IPV. Lastly, health professionals were found to be reluctant to screen for IPV. Our pilot study suggests that conducting a large-scale study in this region is feasible with some methodological modifications.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

No description available.

Mäns våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer är ett ökande samhällsproblem, i samband med coronapandemin har våldet ökat drastiskt. Till följd av det ökande våldet möter sjuksköterskor idag våldsutsatta kvinnor inom hälso- och sjukvården i större utsträckning än tidigare. Resultatet visar att sjuksköterskor upplever att de inte har tillräcklig kunskap för att möta och vårda våldsutsatta kvinnor, vilket resulterar i känslor som osäkerhet och otillräcklighet. Förutom brist på kunskap upplever sjuksköterskor brister i resurser såsom tid, privata utrymmen, rutiner och screeningverktyg. Sjuksköterskor uttrycker en vilja att vårda, skydda och skapa en förtroendefull relation till våldsutsatta kvinnor men önskar att dela på ansvaret och få stöttning från arbetsgivare, lärosäten och samhället och få de rätta förutsättningarna för att vårda. I mötet med våldsutsatta kvinnor uppstår känslomässiga barriärer som för sjuksköterskor innebär att närma sig ett tabubelagt område, att bli medveten om förutfattade meningar och att känna ambivalens i sitt engagemang. Barriärerna påverka sjuksköterskor i mötet och i vården av våldsutsatta. I bakgrunden styrks forskning som visar att våldsutsatta kvinnor upplever brister i bemötandet från sjukvården, vilket leder till att kvinnor sluter sig i mötet och inte får den vård som krävs. Slutsatsen blir att hälsoproblemen förskjuts till framtiden och ökar ohälsa, lidande och samhällskostnader. Studien syftar till att belysa sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att möta kvinnor som utsätts för våld i nära relationer. Med hjälp av Fribergs analysmodell har sju kvalitativa och en kvantitativ artikel granskats för att synliggöra sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att möta våldsutsatta kvinnor.

Intimate partner violence is an international issue that also exists in Sweden. The elderly on the other hand, can tend to be excluded from this context as the focus in a lot of cases can be on younger people. Violence against elderly can be categorized into five categories which are psychological violence, physical violence, economic/material violence, sexual violence and neglect. Those who work with elderly encounter intimate partner violence against elderly and therefore knowledge about the subject is important. Sweden is one of eight countries that belong to the torontodeclaration, where the aim is to increase awareness of intimate partner violence against the elderly. The purpose of this study is to investigate and discuss the social workers experience in working with elderly people who are exposed to intimate partner violence. In the study, attention is paid to the measures and efforts that exist for the target group and mapping of violence intimate partner violence against elderly. The social workers work with the elderly who are exposed to the violence is also part of the study. Empirical data has been obtained through semi-structured interviews with four social workers within the same Swedish municipality. Furthermore, the empirical data has been analyzed through theories, discretion and ageism. Previous research has also been part of empirical analyses. The results show that there are various measures and efforts against elderly who are exposed to intimate partner violence, but that they are not always adapted to the older target group. For example, roughly half of Sweden's sheltered accommodation for victims of violence can accommodate people with walkers. The results also indicate that mapping intimate partner violence against the elderly is mainly done through a screening form and that it can also be picked up during home visits. Through the results, it is noticed that aid workers feel that working with the target group can be difficult at first, that they can feel unsafe and insecure. They also point out that a difficulty can be that they rarely meet the elderly alone. Finally, it is highlighted that there are more opportunities for social workers in the work with the target group, compared to before, and that intimate partner violence is more talked about in the workplace.