Esta dissertação teve por objetivo analisar a possibilidade de superar as barreiras físicas da competência territorial dos juízes, com a finalidade de se adequar às mudanças sociais e estruturais provenientes da nova era digital, no intuito de acompanhar as inovações tecnológicas e implementar uma prestação jurisdicional mais eficiente. O método indutivo e comparativo se mostrou mais viável para desvelar o desenvolvimento das tecnologias no âmbito do Poder Judiciário, especialmente sobre a utilização do processo judicial eletrônico na efetivação da tutela jurisdicional. A era digital trouxe nova definição sobre o espaço e tempo, iniciando um sistema de interação social totalmente dinâmico, rápido e desprendido das barreiras territoriais físicas. O processo judicial eletrônico também trouxe reflexos no âmbito da tutela jurisdicional, propiciando uma justiça mais célere e voltada para acompanhar os aspectos sociais decorrentes da era digital. O processo judicial eletrônico também possibilitou uma melhor gerência dos processos judiciais, permitindo o acompanhamento efetivo da atuação do judiciário. Com a possibilidade de atuação do magistrado desvinculado da barreira física da competência territorial, pretendeu-se demonstrar a possibilidade de um mesmo magistrado poder atuar em diversas comarcas distintas, sem que tal situação violasse o princípio do juiz natural, possibilitando a entrega da tutela de forma rápida e eficaz. Há necessidade de reorganização da distribuição de competências das unidades judiciárias, desinstalando comarcas e varas, a criação de unidades judiciárias para o Núcleo de Apoio às Comarcas, e o fortalecimento da Coordenadoria de Gestão Estratégica e Estatística e Projetos (COGES) com vista ao maior planejamento com relação à produtividade judiciária. / This dissertation aimed to analyze the possibility of overcoming as physical barriers to the territorial jurisdiction of judges, with the purpose of adapting as social and structural changes to the new digital era, with no intention to follow as technological innovations and to implement a more efficient. The inductive and comparative method proves to be more viable for the development of technologies without right to power, as well as for the use of the electronic judicial process in the execution of judicial protection. A digital age brought a new definition about space and time, initiating a system of social interaction that was totally dynamic, fast and detached from physical territorial barriers. The judicial process is also a problem of reflection, it is not the property of the judicial protection, providing a faster justice and directed to accompany the essential aspects of the digital era. The electronic judicial process also allowed a better management of judicial processes, allowing effective monitoring of the legal proceedings. With the possibility of a magistrate acting unconnected to the physical barrier of territorial jurisdiction, it was intended to demonstrate the possibility of a single magistrate being able to act in several distinct districts, without which this situation violates the principle of the natural judge, fast and effective. The need to reorganize the distribution of competencies of the judicial units, uninstalling areas and sticks, the creation of judicial units for the Nucleus of Support to the Counties, and the strengthening of the Coordination of Strategic Management (COGES) aiming at greater planning with respect to judicial productivity.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-08-29T11:33:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Amin Abrahão Nacle.pdf: 1338923 bytes, checksum: 539f8e425475b51f5f9919cd95b697b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-29T11:33:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Amin Abrahão Nacle.pdf: 1338923 bytes, checksum: 539f8e425475b51f5f9919cd95b697b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-08 / Among the relevant innovations brought by Brazil's 2015 Code of Civil Procedure, the power of enforcement granted to judges with regard to executing obligations to pay is noteworthy. This novelty, which part of the doctrine already understood as applicable even before the repealed code was in force, defines with the powers and duties of the judge to determine atypical measures of enforcement for granting judicial relief to a pecuniary performance. However, the lack of definition of the concept with which the Code worked by giving the technique of atypicality to judges undoubtedly generates a series of questions and fears about possible judicial authoritarianism and violations of the dignity of the debtor. This study will focus on demonstrating that the procedural technique of enforcement acts is fully possible in the obligations to pay and in tune with the fundamental duty to effective judicial protection for the creditor, including by imposing restrictions on the rights of the debtor. It will also demonstrate the unavoidable necessity of the magistrate, when using such procedural techniques, to always do so in accordance with the criteria exhorted by the principle of proportionality / Entre as novidades relevantes trazidas pelo Código de Processo Civil de 2015 destaca-se o poder de efetivação conferido ao magistrado no que toca às execuções de obrigação de pagar. Por força dessa novidade, que parte da doutrina já entendia aplicável antes mesmo na vigência do código revogado, cometeu-se ao juiz poderes-deveres para determinar medidas atípicas de coerção para concessão da tutela executiva prestação pecuniária. Todavia, a indeterminação de conceito com a qual trabalhou o código ao conferir a técnica da atipicidade aos juízes gera, sem dúvida, uma série de questionamentos e receios sobre possíveis autoritarismos judiciais e violações da dignidade do devedor. O presente trabalho se dedicará à demonstração de que a técnica processual dos atos de coerção é plenamente possível nas obrigações de pagar e afinada com o dever fundamental a uma tutela jurisdicional efetiva para o credor, inclusive mediante a imposição de restrições aos direitos do devedor. Será demonstrado, também, a necessidade inafastável de o magistrado, quando se valer de tais técnicas processuais, fazê-lo sempre em atenção aos critérios exortados pelo princípio da proporcionalidade

La protection des droits du patient est devenue à l’heure actuelle, une obligation juridique qui s’impose à tout Etat de droit. De ce fait, le Sénégal qui évolue vite, n’est pas à la traine dans le respect et la protection des droits du patient en particulier et les droits de l’Homme en général. C’est dans cette optique que le législateur sénégalais à adopté en 1998 deux lois complémentaires relatives à la réforme du système de santé afin de conférer au patient des droits, qui jusqu’à l’adoption de ces lois, étaient considérés comme des obligations déontologiques du médecin : la loi n°98-08 du 2 mars 1998 et la loi n°98-12 du 2 mars 1998. Depuis l’adoption de ces deux lois, les relations entre le médecin et le patient ont beaucoup évolué du moins en théorie car, sur le terrain, il est constaté que cette réforme hospitalière est inadaptée aux réalités locales. En réalité, même si la réforme du système de santé sénégalais est inefficace aux yeux de l’opinion publique, reste qu’elle a le mérite de doter le Sénégal d’un cadre juridique garantissant les droits du patient notamment le droit d’accès aux soins de qualité, le droit à une information claire et appropriée et le droit au consentement libre et éclairé. / The protection of the rights of the patient became at the moment, a legal obligation (bond) which is imperative upon any rule of law (State subject to the rule of law). Therefore, Senegal which evolves fast is not lagging behind in the respect and the protection of the rights of the patient in particular and the human rights generally. It is from this perspective that the Senegalese legislator adopted in 1998 two complementary (additional) relative laws which re-forms her (it) of the health system to confer on the patient’s rights, which until the adoption of these laws, were considered as ethical obligations (bonds) of the doctor: The law n°98-08 of March 2nd, 1998 and the law n°98- 12 of March 2nd, 1998. Since the adoption of these two laws, the relations between the doctor and the patient evolved a lot at least in theory because, on the ground, he (it) noticed that this re-form hospitable (hospital) is unsuitable for the local realities. In reality, even if it re-forms her (it) of the Senegalese health system is ineffective in the eyes of the public opinion, states that she (it) has the merit to endow Senegal of a legal framework guaranteeing the rights of the patient in particular the access right for quality care, the right (law) for clear and appropriate information and the right (law) for free and lit consent.

A imprescindibilidade da atuação do magistrado na fase preliminar da persecução penal como garantidor dos direitos fundamentais do investigado é inegável. A consecução desse mister acarreta, porém, o comprometimento da imparcialidade objetiva do juiz para o julgamento do mérito. A atribuição das funções de atuar na fase de investigação preliminar e durante o processo a julgadores distintos foi o caminho que muitos ordenamentos trilharam para lidar com essa problemática. A mesma solução foi adotada pelo Projeto de Código de Processo Penal brasileiro PLS nº 156/2009, ao prever a figura do juiz das garantias, responsável pelo controle da legalidade da investigação criminal e pela salvaguarda dos direitos individuais. Essa figura, consentânea ao principio acusatório consagrado pela Constituição Federal de 1988, assegura a imparcialidade de forma muito mais efetiva, preservando o distanciamento do julgador dos elementos colhidos durante a investigação criminal. / The indispensability of the judges involvement in the preliminary stage of criminal prosecution as a guarantor of the inquired person fundamentals rights is undeniable. However, this intervention compromises the impartiality of the judge on the judgment of the merits. The allocation of duties to act to different judges in the preliminary investigation phase and during the case was the way that many law systems have fallowed to handle this problem. The same solution was adopted by the Bill of the Brazilian Code of Criminal Procedure PLS nº 156/2009. The Bill provides the figure of the guarantee judge, which controls the legality of the criminal investigation and ensures the protection of individual rights. The guarantee judde, in accordance to the accusatory principle settleed in the Federal Constitution, assures a more effective impartiality preserving the distance of the judge from elements collected during criminal investigation.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-02T12:29:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Augusto Nunes de Carvalho.pdf: 2238928 bytes, checksum: 6a09b9c79e15e324a3401a9c553a8560 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-02T12:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Augusto Nunes de Carvalho.pdf: 2238928 bytes, checksum: 6a09b9c79e15e324a3401a9c553a8560 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-01 / The present text addresses the comprehension of legal rules with vague semantic content in the judicial decision as the motivation content of these decisions, through a review of the legal literature and the humanities. Thus, the work deals with procedural and theoretical aspects of the motivation of judicial decisions, a topic that gains prominence within the Constitutional rule of law and the theory of law, in order to generate controllability of court actions and legitimacy of jurisdiction. As a result, it provides a contribution to the understanding of the current meaning of the dimensions of motivation when these vague semantic terms are present, as well as a contribution to the understanding of the reasoning interaction with other legal aspects of the civil procedure and constitutional rights and guarantees / O presente texto aborda o preenchimento de normas jurídicas com conteúdo semântico vago na decisão judicial como conteúdo da fundamentação dessas decisões, através de uma revisão da literatura jurídica e das ciências humanas. Assim, o trabalho trata de aspectos processuais e teóricos da fundamentação das decisões judiciais, tema que ganha relevo dentro do Estado Constitucional e da teoria do direito, com vistas a gerar controlabilidade dos atos jurisdicionais e legitimidade do exercício da jurisdição. Como resultado, fornece-se uma contribuição para a reflexão do significado atual das dimensões da motivação quando presentes normas de conteúdo semântico vago e para compreensão da interação da fundamentação com outros aspectos jurídicos inerentes ao processo civil e aos direitos e garantias constitucionais

Submitted by PPG Direito (ppgdir@pucrs.br) on 2018-09-24T14:52:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PEDRO_GARCIA_VERDI_DIS.pdf: 1053002 bytes, checksum: 5f1652326b54bc5e76d9847c43ecf63c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-09-25T12:10:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PEDRO_GARCIA_VERDI_DIS.pdf: 1053002 bytes, checksum: 5f1652326b54bc5e76d9847c43ecf63c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-25T12:15:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PEDRO_GARCIA_VERDI_DIS.pdf: 1053002 bytes, checksum: 5f1652326b54bc5e76d9847c43ecf63c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This work starts from the idea that jurisdiction, while state power, needs to adapt to the complexity of new rights and new forms of existing dispute nowadays. Its scope study the applicability of the North American Institute of structural injunction as a way to give greater effect to the guardianships of transindividual rights. For this it was decided, first, to trace an evolutionary line of the judicial function and the civil process in order to understand the stage it is in and how emerge collective rights, as well as pave the way for understanding the opening to a collective guardianship system. Overcome this first part, which aims to introduce the reader in the scenario where the theme works part to the analysis of collective guardianships, its appearance and its relevance in the current legal system. In parallel, in order to understand the performance of today's jurisdiction, it is studied under the title of "judge's powers" the development of judicial activity from the stage where there was a judge "mouth of the law" to the current system where meets to judge more than simply applying the law, but an intellectual exercise and interpretive activity, making it the creator of the law. Finally, we study the Institute of structural injunction, from its conception in the American law, to propose the applicability in brazilian law, which is based on the analysis of concrete cases. / O presente trabalho parte da ideia de que a jurisdi??o, enquanto poder estatal necessita se adaptar ? complexidade dos novos direitos e novas formas de lit?gio existentes na contemporaneidade. Tem por escopo estudar a aplicabilidade do instituto norte-americano das structural injunction como uma forma de conferir maior efetividade ?s tutelas de direitos transindividuais. Para isso optou-se, primeiramente, por tra?ar uma linha evolutiva sobre a fun??o jurisdicional e sobre o processo civil, com a finalidade de se compreender o est?gio em que se encontra e como emergem os direitos coletivos, assim como preparar o terreno para o entendimento da abertura a um sistema de tutelas coletivas. Superada esta primeira parte, cujo objetivo ? introduzir o leitor no cen?rio em que o tema proposto atua, parte-se ? an?lise das tutelas coletivas, seu surgimento e sua relev?ncia no sistema jur?dico atual. Paralelamente, com o fim de se compreender a atua??o da jurisdi??o da atualidade, estuda-se, sob o t?tulo de ?poderes do juiz?, o desenvolvimento da atividade jurisdicional desde a fase onde existia um juiz ?boca da lei?, at? o sistema atual, onde cumpre ao julgador mais do que simplesmente aplicar a lei, mas exercer uma atividade intelectual e interpretativa, tornando-o criador do Direito. Ao final, estuda-se o instituto das structural injunction, partindo de sua concep??o no Direito norte-americano, para se propor a aplicabilidade no Direito brasileiro, o que se faz a partir da an?lise de casos concretos.

Cette thèse analyse la question du rapport entre la juridiction administrative et les droits de l’homme en Irak et au Kurdistan. Dans une première partie j’analyse l’influence de l’idéologie des droits de l’homme sur l’organisation de la justice irakienne. Les questions traitées sont diverses : le rôle joué par l’occident dans la promotion des droits de l’homme, l’internationalisation de la protection des droits de l’homme, la constitution irakienne, etc. Je montre comment la justice administrative irakienne essaie, sous l’influence du droit français, essentiellement, de progresser malgré les séquelles de la guerre et comment le juge administratif tente d’appliquer les principes des droits de l’homme, sans toujours s’y référer formellement.La question de l’indépendance de la magistrature aura sa place dans mon travail, car la question est objet de beaucoup de polémiques en Irak. Puis au niveau des droits de l’homme j’introduis par un exposé sur la signification philosophique des Droits de l’Homme et des droits fondamentaux, les générations des Droits de l’Homme et leur protection internationale.Dans la deuxième partie qui est plus pratique et opérationnelle j’expose la notion du droit à un procès équitable et j’essaie de montrer comment, là aussi, malgré la non intégration de cette notion en droit positif irakien le juge administratif l’applique et parfois de manière courageuse. Je traite la question de l’influence de l’idéologie des droits de l’homme sur l’organisation de la justice irakienne, puis diverses questions comme l’évolution de la justice administrative française (les recours au fond, les procédures de référé, le renforcement des pouvoirs du juge administratif au niveau du contrôle de la légalité interne. Dans cette partie j’analyse de manière comparée de multiples arrêts irakiens pour montrer à chaque fois comment le juge irakien progresse, quoique en imitant, voire en mimant le juge français, ce qui n’est pas rien. C’est un grand effort car le juge français reste dans le monde arabe la référence sur le plan du respect des droits de l’homme. La notion de police administrative occupe une place importante en raison du rapport bien étroit entre police administrative et droits de l’homme. / This thesis analyzes the question of the relationship between the administrative jurisdiction and human rights in Iraq and Kurdistan. In the first part I analyze the influence of the ideology of human rights on the organization of the Iraqi justice. The issues are diverse: the role played by the West in promoting human rights, the internationalization of the protection of human rights, the new Iraqi constitution (2005), etc. I show how the Iraqi administrative justice tries, under the influence of French law, essentially, to progress despite the aftermath of war and how the administrative judge tries to apply the principles of human rights, without always formally refer.The question of the independence of the judiciary will have its place in my work, because the question is the subject of much controversy in Iraq. Then at the level of human rights I introduce a presentation on the philosophical significance of human rights and fundamental rights, the generations of human rights and their international protection.In the second part, which is more practical and operational, I expose the notion of the right to a fair trial and I try to show how, again, despite the non-integration of this concept into positive Iraqi law, the administrative judge applies it and sometimes bravely. I deal with the question of the influence of the ideology of human rights on the organization of the Iraqi justice, then various questions like the evolution of the French administrative justice (the recourse to abuse power, the urgent proceedings, the reinforcement of the powers of the administrative judge in the control of the internal legality. In this part I analyze in a comparative way of multiple Iraqi cases to show each time how the Iraqi judge progresses, although by imitating, even miming the French judge. This is a big effort because the French judge remains in the Arab world the reference in terms of respect for human rights.Indeed the concept of administrative police occupies an important place in my thesis because of the close relationship between administrative police and human rights.

De la volonté des parties de s’accorder sur les éléments essentiels d’un contrat, naît tout un processus contractuel qui se traduit par la création d’obligations, éléments susceptibles d’être à l’origine d’un désaccord. Dès lors qu’un juge est saisi d’un litige, les opérations d’interprétation et de qualification du contrat litigieux auxquelles il se consacre se définissent par une double fonction. Dans un premier temps, l’interprétation du contenu du contrat permet au juge de repérer les éléments de fait qui ont été déterminants de la volonté des parties de contracter. Dans un second temps, une fois déterminés, ces éléments qui sont porteurs du sens du contrat, vont permettre au juge d’apporter, une solution au désaccord qui oppose les parties. Or, la solution ne trouvera son efficacité que si le juge applique aux éléments de fait qu’il a identifiés le droit approprié ; il faut pour cela qualifier le fait au sens où la qualification, consiste à déterminer la catégorie dans laquelle s’inscrit le contrat, afin de lui appliquer le régime juridique qui lui correspond. Elle est en cela le préalable à l’application d’une règle juridique. Opération intellectuelle, la qualification fait ainsi office de charnière entre les deux fonctions attachée à l’opération d’interprétation que sont l’interprétation des données de fait et la solution apportée par le juge sur le contenu contractuel litigieux. / A contractual process begins with the intention of the parties to agree on the essential elements of a contract. This process which results in the creation of obligations, may be the cause of a disagreement. When a judge has to rule on a contractual dispute, the processes of interpretation and characterization of the contract which he has to perform have a double function. First, the interpretation of the contents of the contract allows the judge to identify the factual elements which are evidence of the intention of the parties to enter into a contract. Secondly, once identified, these elements which contain the meaning of the contract, will allow the judge to find a solution to the disagreement between the parties. However, this solution will only be efficient if the judge applies the appropriate law to the facts which he has identified. To do so, the judge will have to characterize the contract, which consists in determining the category in which the contract falls in order to apply the relevant legal framework. Thus, characterization is a prerequisite to the application of a legal provision. The intellectual process of characterization is the link between the two functions involved in the interpretation process, i.e. the interpretation of the factual elements and the solution provided by the judge to the disputed contractual terms.

S’intéresser à la négociation en droit des entreprises en difficulté peut sembler, de prime abord, surprenant tant cette branche du droit est marquée du sceau de l'ordre public. La logique de dialogue entre le débiteur et ses créanciers s’observe pourtant de plus en plus dans la majorité des procédures offertes au débiteur pour traiter ses difficultés. C’est que les perspectives du législateur ont changé : il ne s’agit plus seulement de sanctionner, mais davantage de prévenir les difficultés et de sauvegarder les entreprises avec l’intime conviction qu’une norme consentie est une norme efficace. De cette évolution est née la volonté d’appréhender le phénomène actuel de la négociation dans ses effets sur le droit des entreprises en difficulté. Il s’est agi de déterminer, dans les textes, la réalité des négociations et, en contrepoint, la part réelle du pouvoir du juge. Ce sont d’abord les équilibres au sein des procédures qui ont été bouleversés par la promotion du processus de négociation, en particulier s’agissant de celles qui, à l’origine, étaient judiciaires et collectives et dans lesquelles l’unilatéralisme était prégnant. À l’inverse, on observe un phénomène de judiciarisation des procédures amiables avec le souci de sécuriser des processus négociés. De ce fait, la ligne de partage entre les procédures amiables et les procédures judiciaires est moins claire que par le passé. Le développement de la négociation, a aussi modifié les équilibres entre les acteurs : au cœur de la recherche de la solution à apporter aux difficultés de l’entreprise, le débiteur et ses créanciers se retrouvent placés au premier rang. Enfin, les mutations opérées par l’intégration de la négociation en droit des entreprises en difficulté modifient également les valeurs traditionnellement attachées à la matière. Les principes traditionnels tels que l’égalité des créanciers s’en trouvent atténués. Cependant, ces changements offrent surtout un droit plus équilibré et plus attractif. Si l’office classique du juge semble dénaturé, son pouvoir se retrouve corrélativement renforcé. Le processus de négociation nécessite en effet la mise en place d’un cadre juridique strict et un contrôle judiciaire important afin d’assurer la garantie des droits fondamentaux des parties. Surtout, le débiteur et ses créanciers accepteront plus aisément une solution dont ils ont la maîtrise. Il ressort de cette évolution, le constat d’un droit davantage fondé sur l’idée de confiance. Ainsi, en raison des nombreux avantages qu’on lui connaît, la voie amiable pourrait encore jouer de ses charmes auprès du législateur français. / At first glance, it may seem surprising to focus on negotiation in insolvency law since this branch of law is marked by the seal of public order. However, the logic of dialogue between the debtor and his creditors is increasingly observed in most of the procedures offered to the debtor to deal with his difficulties. The legislator's perspectives have changed: it is no longer just a question of sanctioning, but more of preventing difficulties and safeguarding companies. This evolution has given rise to the desire to understand the current phenomenon of negotiation in its effects on the law of companies in difficulty. The aim was to determine, in the texts, the reality of the negotiations and, as a counterpoint, the real share of the judge's power. The promotion of the negotiation process in dealing with business difficulties has upset, on the one hand, the balances within the procedures. Negotiations appear to have been strengthened in procedures that were originally judicial and collective and in which unilateralism was prevalent. Conversely, mutual agreement procedures are more judicial in nature than before. As a result, the dividing line between amicable and judicial proceedings is less clear than in the past. The development of negotiation has also upset the balances between the players: at the heart of the search for a solution to the company's difficulties, the debtor and his creditors are placed at the forefront of the processing. The changes brought about by the integration of negotiation into the law of companies in difficulty are also changing the values traditionally attached to the subject. Traditional principles such as the equality of creditors are reduced. However, these changes offer above all a more balanced and attractive law. If the judge's traditional office seems to be distorted, his power is strengthened accordingly. The negotiation process requires the establishment of a strict legal framework and significant judicial control to ensure that the fundamental rights of the parties are guaranteed. Above all, the debtor and his creditors will more easily accept a solution in their control. This development shows that the law is more based on the idea of trust. Thus, because of the many advantages known to it, the amicable way could still play its charms with the French legislator.

Un justiciable mécontent lève un rideau, sans doute usé. Une robe noire apparaît alors et énonce: « Donne moi le fait, je te donnerai le droit ! ». Ce juge s’écarte ensuite afin d’écouter les échanges des parties. Il reprend la parole, reformule le cas échéant certaines répliques et démêle l’intrigue en retenant, voire aménageant, une des fins proposées par les parties. Voici la trame, désormais classique, de l’instance dressée par les principes directeurs du procès civil. Les plaideurs auraient ainsi pour rôle de délimiter la matière litigieuse et, partant, la saisine du juge. Ce dernier devrait, dans les limites ainsi tracées, lui appliquer le droit afin de satisfaire à sa fonction juridictionnelle. La question des rôles respectifs du juge et des parties sur les éléments de l’instance ne saurait toutefois être appréhendée dans sa complexité et son dynamisme par ces seules règles. La distinction du fait et du droit, parce qu’elle ne correspond qu’imparfaitement aux éléments de l’instance réellement opérant, la prétention et le moyen, offre une assise peu opportune à la détermination des activités judiciaires et leur exercice. Par ailleurs, lorsqu’ils sont confrontés à la réforme permanente de la matière, la stabilité de ces principes interpelle, et étonne même.En considérant les éléments de l’instance et leur traitement au-delà des dispositions préliminaires du code, et au-delà du code lui-même, il pourra être énoncé que ces principes directeurs tendent à devenir davantage aveuglants qu’éclairants. En effet à la lecture de l’article 12 du Code de procédure civile, fondement des pouvoirs et devoirs du juge sur le droit, il est par exemple établi que le juge tranche le litige conformément aux règles de droit qui lui sont applicables. On ignore ainsi que, depuis 2008, le juge n’a pas l’obligation de rectifier le fondement juridique erroné de la demande, comme on ne se doute pas plus que son obligation de statuer se limitera, depuis 2017, aux seules prétentions contenues dans le dispositif des dernières conclusions, certes rédigées par avocat. On n’anticipe encore moins que, en dépit de tous ces phénomènes de réduction de ce qui devra être tranché, l’autorité de chose jugée va, quant à elle, au contraire, s’étendre pour couvrir le litige entendu comme tout ce qui aurait dû être tranché. Les parties recueillent ainsi la charge du droit initialement dévolue au juge. La procédure civile offre dès lors un nouveau visage au principe dispositif : la responsabilisation des parties et la déresponsabilisation de la justice dans la réalisation des droits.L’accélération du traitement des affaires rapproche l’instance civile du théâtre par l’exigence de l’unité de temps. Elle s’en éloigne en revanche s’agissant de la règle de l’unité de lieu, les politiques judiciaires affichant clairement leur volonté de promouvoir le règlement amiable des litiges. Il n’y a plus qu’à espérer que la distribution soit à la hauteur du programme. / A displeased person answerable to the law raises a curtain, most likely worn out. A black robe appears and announces: ‘Give me the facts, I will give you the law!” This judge then steps aside in order to listen to the exchanges between various parties. He speaks again, change when required some turn of sentences, untangle the plot by retaining, even rearranging one of the ending proposed by the parties. Here is the context, now classic, of the instance established by the guidelines of civil trial. The role of the litigant is thus to delimit the litigious matter and hence, the referral to the judge. The latter should, within the limits, apply to him the law in order to satisfy his jurisdictional function. The question of the respective roles of the judge and the parties over the elements of the case cannot, however, be apprehended in its complexity and dynamism by these rules alone. The distinction between fact and law, because it corresponds only imperfectly to the elements of the actual operative instance, the claim and the plea, provides an unfavourable basis for the determination of judicial activities and their exercise. On the other hand, when confronted with the permanent reform of matter, the stability of these principles challenges, and even astonishes.By considering the elements of the case and their treatment beyond the preliminary provision of the Code, and beyond the Code itself it may be stated that these guiding principles tend to become more blinding than enlightening. Indeed, in reading Article 12 of the Code of Civil Procedure, the basis of the powers and duties of the judge on the law, it is for example established that the judge settle the dispute in accordance with the rules of law that apply to it. It is thus not known that since 2008 the judge has no obligation to rectify the erroneous legal basis of the claim, the same way we do not conceive that his obligation to rule will, since 2017, be limited to the claims contained in the device of the conclusions, admittedly written by lawyers. It is even less anticipated that, in spite of all these phenomena of reduction of what will have to be settled, res judicata will, on the contrary, extend to cover the dispute understood as all that should have been decided. The parties thus collect the burden of the right initially devolved on the judge. Civil procedure therefore offers a new face to the operative principle: the responsibility of the parties and the disempowerment of justice in the realization of rights.The acceleration of the treatment of the cases brings the civil authority closer to the theatre by the requirement of the unit of time. On the other hand, it departs from the rule of unity of place, as judicial policies clearly reflect their desire to promote the amicable settlement of disputes. There is more to hope that the distribution is up to the programme