No description available.

The aim of this bachelor thesis is to investigate what kinds of support that is available for school librarians in Japan and in Sweden and make a comparison between the countries. The research questions are: What kinds of support are available for school librarians in Japan? What kinds of support are available for school librarians in Sweden? What are the similarities and differences between the support to school librarians in Japan and Sweden? The methodology used was semi-structured interviews. Three interviews with school librarians were conducted in each country. The theoretical framework used is David V. Loertscher’s Library media specialist taxonomy and Cristina Sacco Judge’s model for school libraries in Scotland. The results of the study are that the possibility to supplement the collection in the school library by extern loans is good in both countries. Regarding the school librarian’s need for professional information and support, conferences and courses seem to play a bigger role in Japan. Advice and help from experienced colleagues in the vicinity to the school seems to be important in Sweden but more or less non-existing in Japan.

In Canada, we regularly incarcerate accused persons while they are still legally innocent. By the turn of the century, the growing number of accused held in pre-sentence custody had become a concern for provincial/territorial governments, and, by extension, the federal government. In an effort to address the problem, Bill C-25 - ‘The Truth in Sentencing Act’ - was passed into law. Adopting a quantitative as well as qualitative methodology, this study uses a randomly selected sample of 110 cases to examine the implementation of Bill C-25 as a case study of how Canadian judges respond to legislation which likely created friction between the political and judicial social spheres. Analyses suggest that there is strong evidence to support the notion that judges did not fully implement the legislation as intended by the federal government. Instead, it appears that judges may have been motivated to resist the implementation of Bill C-25 in order to protect fundamental principles of justice that were ignored in the drafting of the new law.

Notre thèse fait l'analyse du contrôle du juge sur la sentence arbitrale interne et internationale en droit Marocain par le biais de l'exequatur et à l'occasion du recours en annulation au vue de la jurisprudence tant Marocaine que Française et dresse une étude critique quant à son incidence. / Our thesis analyzes the judge’s control over the internal and international arbitral award in Moroccan law through exequatur and on the occasion of the action for annulment in view of both Moroccan and French jurisprudence and draws up a critical study of its impact.

À l’heure où un mariage sur deux finit en divorce, la question du rôle du juge aux affaires familiales (JAF) est plus que jamais d’actualité. Ce rôle a été modifié à de nombreuses reprises en fonction des considérations sociales du moment et, aujourd’hui, l’heure est à la déjudiciarisation. Mais est-ce pertinent ? Le rôle du JAF tend à être de plus en plus réduit à tel point que des pans entiers du droit familial sont retirés de sa compétence. Le règlement des conflits familiaux subit une tendance générale de déplacement vers la sphère privée dont le point culminant a été atteint, il y a peu, par la loi Justice XXI qui a déjudiciarisé le divorce par consentement mutuel et confier son règlement privé aux notaires et aux avocats. Quant aux autres pans du droit familial qui restent de sa compétence, ils subissent des délais judiciaires de plus en plus longs ou une présence symbolique du juge ; tant le nombre de ces derniers est bas. Les fautes sont dédramatisées, ce qui conduit à une absence d’indemnisation de ces dernières. Afin de pouvoir correctement appréhender les conséquences de ce mouvement de recul du judiciaire, une enquête a été menée sur le terrain auprès des JAF, avocats, notaires, psychiatres et, surtout, des justiciables. Les résultats de cette enquête ont permis de démontrer les conséquences dramatiques que ce mouvement entraîne ; tant sur le plan des conjoints/parents, que sur celui des enfants, voire des tiers. L’importance sociale des conflits de famille a toujours été la motivation première de l’intervention étatique afin de protéger les victimes que ces conflits peuvent engendrer. Il est regrettable que cette protection ne soit plus à l’ordre du jour. / At a time when every second marriage ends in divorce, the question of the role of the family affairs judge (JAF) is more relevant than ever. This role has been changed many times based on the social considerations of the moment and nowadays it is time for diversion. But is it relevant? The role of the JAF tends to be reduced to such an extent that entire sections of family law are removed from its jurisdiction. The settlement of family disputes is under-going a general trend of displacement towards the private sphere, the culmination of which was recently reached by the Justice XXI Act, which di-verted divorce by mutual consent and entrusted its private settlement to notaries and public servants. lawyers. As for the other parts of family law that remain within its jurisdiction, they suffer longer and longer court delays or a symbolic presence of the judge; as the number of these is low. The faults are played down, which leads to a lack of compensation for the latter. To be able to correctly grasp the consequences of this movement of retreat of the judiciary, an investigation was carried out in the field near the JAF, lawyers, notaries, psychiatrists and, especially, litigants. The results of this investigation have shown the dramatic consequences that this movement entails; spouses / parents, children and even third parties. The social importance of family conflicts has always been the primary motivation for state intervention to protect the victims that these conflicts may engender. It is regrettable that this protection is no longer on the agenda.

The right to a lawful judge Abstract This thesis deals with the basic subjective right to a lawful judge. Its basis consists of analysis of the constitutional and statutory provisions (formal aspect) and their interpretation in the context of merits of the right to a lawful judge (material aspect). The research question of this thesis is as follows: "Are the statutory provisions (or tables of duties) and practices of courts in the Czech Republic aligned with principles and purpose of the basic right to a lawful judge?" General, basic and theoretical issues of the right to a lawful judge such as its nature as a basic subjective right, the scope of its addressees or relation to the right to a due process in line with Article 36 paragraph 1 of the Charter of fundamental rights are analyzed in the second chapter. Findings of this analysis are used to demonstrate the purpose for which the right to a lawful judge was included in the Charter of fundamental rights as well as the implications for independence of the judiciary and procedural rights of parties to the proceedings. Origin of the right to a lawful judge is subsequently explained by a short recourse in chapter three which deals with several historical periods which are most often linked to the necessity of the right to a lawful judge. A deeper analysis of...

Criminal procedure in front of a single judge Abstract The master thesis focuses on the legislation concerning criminal procedure in front of a single judge and its purpose is not only the description of all aspects of such criminal procedure but also the presentation of disputable questions and their answers. Another objective of the thesis is to identify inappropriate legislation and provide solutions in the form of de lege ferenda thoughts, including the provision of opinions as to future legislation. Based on methods of description, analysis and historical comparison, the master thesis provides a comprehensive view on the single judge, while using commented legislation, academic literature and case law. The first chapter closely describes the historical evolution of the role of the single judge from 1918 (respectively since 1873 as the Austrian-Hungarian legislation had been adapted) until today. The second chapter solves a problematic question whether the single judge can administer justice at a regional court or only at a county court. The following chapters focus on the core of the thesis, which is described in the next three chapters. The third chapter presents the very first actions of the single judge after the prosecution is delivered to him. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the criminal order...

Research on judgment accuracy in human resource management shows that various rater characteristics predict accuracy, but emerging findings suggest that these individual differences may interact with one another (rather than being direct effects). The present study aimed to add to this area of research by determining how rater personality traits may moderate the relationship between GMA and rating accuracy. Secondary data collected in a prior study of police managers undergoing a seven-week managerial training course in South Africa (N =146) were analysed. The findings supported that selected rater personality traits may moderate the relationship between intelligence and rating accuracy. For example, rater intelligence was a better predictor of accuracy when the judge was more agreeable. Intellectance and conscientiousness were found to have no significant moderating effect on the relationship between intelligence and rating accuracy. Only three out of the Big Five Personality traits were examined in this research study. Importantly, the study contributed to theory by expanding the Good Judge model (De Kock et al., 2020), analysing how individual differences in the ability and trait domains may potentially interact to influence accuracy. In addition to enhancing our understanding of how rater personality constructs may affect accuracy, the study discusses important implications for practices, such as rater training and selection.

La détermination de la peine par les juges est un processus complexe. Les circonstances aggravantes et atténuantes reliées à l’infraction et à l’accusé influencent la peine imposée. L’inclusion de certaines considérations légales est également nécessaire dans l’évaluation de la sentence. En effet, l’instauration de peines minimales obligatoires peut impacter la sévérité des peines imposées par les juges à travers le temps. Nous discuterons de la détermination de la peine d’une infraction particulière afin d’analyser et de comprendre plus en profondeur les facteurs qui la composent. Une infraction qui a largement pris de l’ampleur dans les deux dernières décennies est la pornographie juvénile (PJ). Cette infraction numérique a d’ailleurs subi des transformations au niveau légal, technologique et social. Cette étude vise à comprendre le processus décisionnel des juges lors de la détermination de la peine dans les cas de PJ au Canada. Il s’agit d’effectuer une analyse des circonstances légales et pénales sur lesquelles ils se basent. L’échantillon est formé de 168 jugements écrits et disponibles en accès libre faisant mention des sentences imposées par les juges pour des infractions de possession et/ou d’accès de PJ commises entre 1999 et 2019. Les différentes analyses effectuées permettent de constater une certaine variation de la sévérité des peines d’emprisonnement à travers les années. L’ajout des peines minimales obligatoires a fortement influencé cette variation. Mis à part cet ajustement, les résultats suggèrent que des circonstances mentionnées par les juges sont prises en compte lors de la détermination de la peine. Or, on remarque que la majorité des facteurs atténuants ne font pas varier la peine de prison imposée, à l’exception de la présence d’un support familial/amical chez le délinquant. Des facteurs aggravants sont considérés par les juges lors de la détermination de la peine, tel que le nombre de vidéos saisis, la présence d'antécédents judiciaires, l'investissement personnel du délinquant dans sa collection de PJ ainsi que l’absence de remords. Cette étude offre la première évaluation des facteurs déterminants de la peine des accusés de pornographie juvénile au Canada. / Sentencing is a complex process. Aggravating and mitigating circumstances related to the offence and the accused influence the sentence. The inclusion of certain legal considerations is also necessary in the assessment of the sentence. Indeed, the adoption of mandatory minimum sentences in Canada may impact the severity of sentences imposed by judges over time. We will discuss the sentencing of a particular offence to further analyze and understand the factors that compose it. One offence that has grown significantly in the last two decades is child pornography (CP). This digital offence has been subject to legal, technological, and social transformations. The purpose of this study is to understand the decision-making process of judges at sentencing in CP cases in Canada. The objective is to analyze the legal and penal circumstances on which they base their decisions. The sample is made up of 168 written judgments available in open access mentioning the sentences imposed by judges, for offences of possession and/or access of CP committed between 1999 and 2019. The various analyses conducted show a certain variation in the severity of prison sentences over the years. The addition of mandatory minimum sentences strongly influenced this variation. Apart from this adjustment, the results suggest that circumstances mentioned are considered during sentencing. However, we note that most mitigating factors do not vary the prison sentence imposed, except for the presence of a social support. Aggravating factors are considered by judges when determining the sentence, such as the number of videos seized, the presence of a criminal record, the offender's personal investment in his PJ collection and the absence of remorse. This study provides the first assessment of sentencing factors for child pornography accused in Canada.

No description available.