Abstract The aim of this study was to research how pedagogues work with communication and technique within language development for children with special needs. It covers children with language disorder and language delay as well as children having a different language than Swedish as their native language. The main questions used are: What means of communication methods are the pedagogues using on their daily work with children with special needs and what methods are used in the preschool to support the children with the language development? What obstacles and possibilities do the pedagogues identify when it comes to use of technical tools and what holdbacks are identified in the preschools when it comes to use of technical tools? The identified conclusions were that the sociocultural perspective became the focus of argument throughout the study as it can be used to connect communication and language development. The method to get answers to the questions was to perform four interviews in different preschools. The preschools were located within different counties close to a major city. The aim was initially to see how preschools work with technical tools and language development with children. This purpose was revisited as several preschools do not use technical tools as portable reading devices as we initially thought. The performed interviews were influenced by the model of Bornholm and knowledge of how this model can be used in the preschool support to support the language development for the children. Keywords: communication in preschool, language development, children with special needs, first language, learning tablet and social context.

The meet up between data, processes and structural knowledge in modeling complex enterprise systems is a challenging task that has led to the study of combining formalisms from knowledge representation, database theory, and process management. Moreover, to ensure system correctness, formal verification also comes into play as a promising approach that offers well-established techniques. In line with this, significant results have been obtained within the research on data-aware business processes, which studies the marriage between static and dynamic aspects of a system within a unified framework. However, several limitations are still present. Various formalisms for data-aware processes that have been studied typically use a simple mechanism for specifying the system dynamics. The majority of works also assume a rather simple treatment of inconsistency (i.e., reject inconsistent system states). Many researches in this area that consider structural domain knowledge typically also assume that such knowledge remains fixed along the system evolution (context-independent), and this might be too restrictive. Moreover, the information model of data-aware processes sometimes relies on relatively simple structures. This situation might cause an abstraction gap between the high-level conceptual view that business stakeholders have, and the low-level representation of information. When it comes to verification, taking into account all of the aspects above makes the problem more challenging. In this thesis, we investigate the verification of data-aware processes in the presence of ontologies while at the same time addressing all limitations above. Specifically, we provide the following contributions: (1) We propose a formal framework called Golog-KABs (GKABs), by leveraging on the state of the art formalisms for data-aware processes equipped with ontologies. GKABs enable us to specify semantically-rich data-aware business processes, where the system dynamics are specified using a high-level action language inspired by the Golog programming language. (2) We propose a parametric execution semantics for GKABs that is able to elegantly accommodate a plethora of inconsistency-aware semantics based on the well-known notion of repair, and this leads us to consider several variants of inconsistency-aware GKABs. (3) We enhance GKABs towards context-sensitive GKABs that take into account the contextual information during the system evolution. (4) We marry these two settings and introduce inconsistency-aware context-sensitive GKABs. (5) We introduce the so-called Alternating-GKABs that allow for a more fine-grained analysis over the evolution of inconsistency-aware context-sensitive systems. (6) In addition to GKABs, we introduce a novel framework called Semantically-Enhanced Data-Aware Processes (SEDAPs) that, by utilizing ontologies, enable us to have a high-level conceptual view over the evolution of the underlying system. We provide not only theoretical results, but have also implemented this concept of SEDAPs. We also provide numerous reductions for the verification of sophisticated first-order temporal properties over all of the settings above, and show that verification can be addressed using existing techniques developed for Data-Centric Dynamic Systems (which is a well-established data-aware processes framework), under suitable boundedness assumptions for the number of objects freshly introduced in the system while it evolves. Notably, all proposed GKAB extensions have no negative impact on computational complexity.

Mythological and Mythogenic Aspects of Star Wars and the Specificities of its Stories in Regard to Serialized Storytelling covers the six stories of the Star Wars series in relation to Emil Volek's story model whose terminology and story typology is used to describe how the stories influence one another, which is to say, how the stories influence the reception of the other stories in the series and how the reception has changed over time. The diploma thesis also examines how myth is being applied to Star Wars and reflects whether such connection is justified. Both Star Wars and myth are given a definition and the relationship between the series and Joseph Campbell's monomyth, a concept frequently connected to Star Wars, is explored. The final part of the text describes narrative elements and processes participating in the creation of the original trilogy. An appendix covers various issues in regard to the translation of the series into Czech and briefly evaluates existing translations.

1 SUMMARY The present thesis deals with cultural and cultural-political journals published between May 1945 and February 1948, as well as polemics that went on during that period. The thesis consists of two interconnected parts - the journals' profiles and the literary-historical introduction that analyzes certain important issues and problems in regard to the journals and selected personalities, placing them in the contemporary social context.

(in English) Aims: The aim of the diploma thesis was to monitor the eating habits of students from chosen high school which is located in Prague. These habits were taken into consideration with regards to social aspects of food and the causes of overweight and obesity. Methods: Qualitative research was used as the default method to determine the objective of the thesis. Based on literature review the survey was created. The respondents subjectively evaluated a set of questions relating to food and eating habits. Results: According to the findings, a major impact on eating habits of high school students has a family in general or household, in which students live. Cooking trend at home plays an important role, even when talking about boom in eating at restaurants and fast foods. Regardless of household income, students are used to really eat most often at home (breakfast and dinner) and at school (lunch). As for eating habits, respondents, from the vast majority, do not pay any attention to this process. And even if the results of the research showed that a large majority of students think they eat healthily, then less than half of them is not satisfied with own weight. Household income therefore has no significant effect on the eating habits in selected high school students. According to the...

The theoretical part of the thesis analyzes the topic of new media and how it works with the privacy of its users. On the examples of applications such as Facebook, or Google services, I refer to the intensive and extensive kind of private information, that are stored on the provider's servers. All these data are not just gathered, but also analyzed and evaluated. Private companies use data of its users in such extension like never before. New media and their activities raises new questions about possible misuse of such data. In this thesis I mention a few examples that are somehow related to the topic of privacy and personal data protection. In the practical part I use the tools of qualitative research to explore how the issue of online privacy and data security is perceived by different user groups and how they explain their behavior. I examined whether the privacy issue is an important one and if their online activity in this context is somehow particularly regulated or restricted. For research I chose two groups of respondents - younger users up to 37 years of age and older aged 55 +. I get information from the respondents in the form of semi-structured interview. These were analyzed and I created new conclusions from it.

Bakgrund och problem Många HR-funktioner har idag genomfört en Human Resource Transformation (HRT) genom att anta ett strategiskt, affärsinriktat och externt fokuserat arbetssätt i linje med verksamhetens mål, för att skapa ett större bidrag till organisatorisk framgång och överlevnad. Detta fenomen har främst studerats ur ett ledningsperspektiv, och medarbetarnas perspektiv har inom forskningen delvis försummats. Då medarbetare ofta beskrivs som organisationers viktigaste resurser, skulle deras perspektiv kunna bidra till att skapa ökad förståelse för HRT och dess relation till organisationers långsiktiga överlevnadsförmåga, en förmåga som ofta beskrivs som organisatorisk resiliens. Syfte och metod Studiens syfte är att skapa större förståelse för relationen mellan medarbetare och HRT, och hur detta kan förstås i relation till resiliens, genom att belysa fenomenet HRT ur ett medarbetarperspektiv. Då studien syftar till att skapa en ökad förståelse, har en kvalitativ forskningsmetod använts där det empiriska materialet hämtats genom nio semistrukturerade intervjuer. Respondenterna är från tre lokalt förankrade organisationer med olika branschtillhörighet. Resultat och slutsats Studiens empiriska material visar på att majoriteten av de intervjuade saknar ordentlig insikt i HR-funktionen och dess uppgifter. De flesta hade ingen relation till HR alls, och uttryckte ett lågt förtroende för funktionen. Det förekom en allmän önskan om ökad närvaro från HR för att skapa möjligheter till relationsbyggande, och för att HR skulle få större insyn i det operativa arbetet. För att besvara studiens problemformulering utgår analys och slutsats från dels ett systemteoretiskt perspektiv, dels ett relationellt perspektiv som skapats av studiens författare. Utifrån ett systemteoretiskt medarbetarperspektiv, är relationen mellan medarbetare och HR av begränsad betydelse och dess påverkan på resiliens är inte möjlig att göra uttalanden om. Utifrån ett relationellt medarbetarperspektiv är relationen av betydelse i egenskap av en av de resurser som påverkar organisationens medarbetarskap, som i sin tur kan ses som en av de sociala resurser som kan påverka resiliens. Därmed finns även större möjligheter att analysera och dra slutsatser om relationen mellan HRT och resiliens. / Background and problem Today, many HR functions have implemented an HRT by taking a strategic, businessoriented and externally focused approach in line with the business objectives, in order to create a greater contribution to organizational success and survival. This phenomenon has mainly been studied from a management perspective, and the employees' perspective has been partially neglected in research. As employees often are described as the most important resources of organizations, the employee perspective could contribute to creating an increased understanding of HRT and its relation to organizations' long-term survival ability, an ability that is often described as organizational resilience. Purpose and method The purpose of the study is to create a greater understanding of the relationship between employees and HRT, and how this can be understood in relation to resilience, by highlighting the phenomenon of HRT from an employee perspective. Since the study aims to create an increased understanding, a qualitative research method has been used in which the empirical material was obtained through nine semi-structured interviews. The respondents are from three locally based organizations with different industry affiliations. Results and conclusion The empirical material of the study shows that most of the interviewees lack proper insight into the HR function and its tasks. Most had no relation to HR at all and expressed a low confidence in the function. There was a general desire for increased presence from HR to create opportunities for building relationships, and to give HR greater insight into the operational work. To answer the problem formulation of the current study, both analysis and conclusion are based on a system-theoretical perspective as well as a relational perspective created by the authors of the current study. From a systemtheoretical perspective, the relationship between employees and HR is of limited importance and its impact on resilience is not possible to make statements about. From a relational employee perspective, the relationship is important as one of the resources that influences the organization’s followership, which in turn can be seen as one of the social resources that can affect resilience. Therefore, there are also greater opportunities to analyze and draw conclusions about the relationship between HRT and resilience.

Utvecklingen i informationssamhället påverkar i allt större grad Försvarsmaktens verksamhetsprocesser. Det innebär att kraven och förutsättningarna för säkerhetsskydd av IT-system och därmed informationssäkerhetsklassning av handlingar och uppgifter förändras.  Denna studie undersöker under vilka förutsättningar som informationssäkerhetsklassificering genomförs i Försvarsmakten idag. Anledningen är att det förekommer inkonsekventa värderingar av uppgifter och handlingar, vilket försvårar samverkan, ger onödiga IT kostnader och säkerhetsrisker. Syftet med denna studie är att utreda vilka problem som medarbetare uppfattar finns inom Försvarsmakten idag, samt att om möjligt identifiera ändamålsenliga utvecklingsåtgärder. För att ta reda på detta har tjugotvå användare svarat på enkäter med öppna frågor, samt fem semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med experter inom lagar och förordningar, IT-system, metod och informationssäkerhet. Resultatet visar att de uppfattade problemen ligger i att förstå hur den egna informationen ska värderas i ett större sammanhang och att det är svåröverskådligt hur ens egen uppgift kan kombineras med andras uppgifter. Detta får flera konsekvenser, bl.a. svårigheter att göra ’skada och men’ bedömningar i förhållande till olika informationssäkerhetsklasser. Vidare visar resultatet att Försvarsmaktens metod för informationssäkerhetsklassificering har utvecklingspotential inom gällande lagar och förordningar, samt att orsakerna till de uppfattade problemen kan bemötas med riktade åtgärder. Vi utvecklade därför en teori med utvecklingsåtgärder för att hantera orsakerna till de uppfattade problemen med hänsyn till vad som idag är realiserbart. Syftet med teorin är att stärka förmågan till konsekvent informationssäkerhetsklassificering i komplext kontext, vilket åstadkommes genom förbättrad kommunikation och analytiskt stöd. Väsentliga element i teorin är tillgång till flera perspektiv genom mångfald i nätverk med lokala beslutsstödsgrupper, att andra kan inkluderas i bedömandet med externa representationstekniker och motivering av sekretessbeslut, samt att viktiga analysmoment är tydliggjorda. Uppsatsen bidrar med ett nödvändigt användareperspektiv till dagens högaktuella informationssäkerhetsdiskussion. / The development of the information society is increasingly affecting the Swedish Armed Forces' operational processes. This means that the requirements and conditions for security protection of IT systems and thus information security classification of documents and data are changing. This study investigates the conditions under which information security classification is carried out in the Swedish Armed Forces today. The reason is that there are inconsistent assessments ​​of data and documents, which makes collaboration more difficult, gives unnecessary IT costs, and security risks. The purpose of this study is to investigate which problems employees perceive are within the Swedish Armed Forces today and if possible to identify appropriate development measures. To find this out, twenty-two participants have responded to questionnaires with open questions, and five semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts in laws and regulations, IT systems, methodology, and information security. The result shows that the perceived problems lie in understanding how one’s information is to be valued in a larger context and that it is difficult to understand how that information can be combined with other people's information. This has several consequences, including difficulties in making "damage and detriment" assessments with different information security classes. Furthermore, the results show that the Swedish Armed Forces' method for information security classification has development potential within existing laws and regulations and that the causes of the perceived problems can be addressed with targeted measures. We, therefore, developed a theory with development measures to manage the causes of the perceived problems concerning what is today realizable. The purpose of the theory is to strengthen the ability for consistent information security classification in a complex context, which is achieved through improved communication and analytical support. Essential elements in this theory are access to several perspectives through diversity in networks with local decision support groups, that others can be included in the assessment with external representation techniques and motivation of confidentiality decisions, and that important analysis steps are made clear. The essay contributes with a necessary ‘user perspective’ to the contemporary and up-to-date information security discussion.

In den Lehrwerken für Deutsch als Fremdsprache finden sich wenige Themen, die auf Problematiken wie Obdachlosigkeit eingehen, weshalb die Lernenden oft eine sehr idealistische Vorstellung von den Zielsprachenländern entwickeln.Die Theorien der symbolischen Kompetenz nach Kramsch (2006; 2014) und die critical literacy (Mattos, Valério 2010) gehen davon aus, dass es aufgrund der Globalisierung nicht mehr reicht, nur grammatikalische, lexikalische und semantische Phänomene im Fremdsprachenunterricht zu vermitteln, um erfolgreich kommunizieren zu können.Die Ansätze schlagen vor, Literatur im Unterricht einzusetzen, um den Prozess der Bedeutungsaushandlung zu vermitteln und durch die Übernahme von neuen Perspektiven und die Hinterfragung von eigenen Wertvorstellungen die Entwicklung von kritischen BürgerInnen zu fördern und somit gesellschaftliche Veränderungen möglich zu machen. In der folgenden Masterarbeit soll gezeigt werden, dass der Einsatz von literarischen Texten, die von (ehemals) obdachlosen Menschen verfasst und in Straßenzeitungen veröffentlicht wurden, schon auf dem Niveau B1.1 nach dem europäischen Renferenzrahmen möglich ist und eine Didaktisierung für Studierende der Germanistik an der Universität São Paulo präsentiert werden, die zum Ziel hat die Übernahme von Perspektiven, die Sensibilisierung für die Randgruppe Obdachlose, sowie das kritische Denken zu fördern. Die fünf didaktisch geplanten Einheiten wurden in weiterer Folge an der Universität von São Paulo in der Praxis umgesetzt. Die Datenerhebung dieser qualitativen Studie erfolgte durch Analyse der Textproduktionen, wie die Profilerstellung eines fiktiven Obdachlosen, eines reflexiven One Minute Papers und des Kurstagebuches der Forscherin. Dabei konnte festgestellt werden, dass sich diese Textsorte für den Deutsch als Fremdspracheunterricht im universitären Kontext eignet und die Studierenden für die Anliegen der Randgruppe der obdachlosen Personen sensibilisiert werden. Der Prozess des kritischen Denkens kann durchaus im Zuge des Fremdsprachenunterrichts gefördert werden, ist jedoch auch limitiert, da es sich um einen lebenslangen und nicht linear verlaufenden Vorgang handelt. / Livros didáticos do ensino de alemão como língua estrangeira tendem a mostrar uma imagem ideal dos países de língua alemã, tratando menos assuntos sérios, como sobre as pessoas em situação de rua, o que muitas vezes leva o aluno a ter uma visão idealista sobre os países da língua alvo. O objetivo do letramento crítico é que o aluno se torne um cidadão crítico e desenvolva uma perspectiva crítica em relação aos temas tratados nos textos. (Mattos, Valério 2010:149). Também a abordagem da competência simbólica (Kramsch 2006; 2014) salienta que, por causa da globalização não é mais suficiente ensinar apenas fenômenos gramaticais, lexicais e semânticos no ensino de línguas estrangeiras para comunicar com outros. As duas abordagens propõem trabalhar com literatura na sala de aula, para os alunos entenderem o processo da produção dos sentidos. A literatura promove o conhecimento de outros pontos de vista, ajudando a pessoa a se colocar em outras posições e assim o aprendiz aprenderia a refletir sobre seus valores e crenças o que levaria a uma mudança social. Nessa dissertação de mestrado, gostaríamos de monstrar, a possibilidade do uso de textos literários, escritos por pessoas em situação de rua e publicados em revistas de rua, no nível B1 do Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência para Línguas num contexto acadêmico. Também será apresentada uma sequência didática de cinco aulas para um curso de alemão na Universidade de São Paulo, que tinha como objetivo o treino da auto-reflexão, onde o aluno se colocava em outras posições, como sensibilização para os problemas enfrentados pelas pessoas em situação de rua promovendo assim alunos mais críticos na sala de aula. O levantamento dos dados dessa pesquisa qualitativa foi feito através de uma produção escrita inicial, a criação de um perfil fictício de uma pessoa em situação de rua de um dos países da língua alvo, um One Minute Paper e o diário de curso da pesquisadora. Na análise foi constatado que esse tipo de texto é apropriado para o uso no ensino de alemão como língua estrangeira num contexto universitário e que os aprendizes podem ser sensibilizados para as necessidades do grupo marginal escolhido. O processo do pensamento crítico pode ser promovido através do ensino de uma língua estrangeira, porém é limitado, pois é considerado um processo para a vida inteira, que não se desenvolve linearmente.

Diese Doktorarbeit trägt durch eine Analyse der chinesischen Landgenossenschaften zum Verständnis von Politik und Prozessen im Ko-Management natürlicher Ressourcen bei. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit steht die Frage wie der lokale Kontext und Haushaltscharakteristika mit der Implementierung von Landgenossenschaften interagieren. Ich adressiere diese Frage in drei empirischen Forschungsartikeln. Im ersten Artikel untersuchen ich die Wirkung verschiedener lokaler Kontextvariablen in verschiedenen Dörfern auf den Anteil der Landflächen, der von einer Landgenossenschaft verwaltet wird. Es wird gezeigt, wenn lokale Eliten, wie Regierungsbeamte, Dorfkader oder gebildete Menschen, Genossenschaftsvorsitzende sind, ist der Anteil von Land, der an die Genossenschaft übertragen wird, deutlich größer. Im zweiten Artikel wenden ich uns der Haushaltsebene zu und untersuchen Bestimmungsfaktoren der Mitgliedschaft in einer Genossenschaft und die Auswirkungen der Mitgliedschaft auf die Allokation der verfügbaren Arbeitskraft. Ich stelle keinen allgemeinen Effekt von Genossenschaftsmitgliedschaft auf die Wahrscheinlichkeit der außerlandwirtschaftlichen Berufstätigkeit des Haushaltsvorstandes fest. Im dritten Artikel analysieren ich, wir den Zusammenhang zwischen Partizipation in Entscheidungsprozessen und Haushaltseinkommen aus Landgenossenschaften. Ich zeige, wohlhabendere Mitglieder und solche mit Mitgliedschaft in der kommunistischen Partei haben eine höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit an Entscheidungsprozessen teilzunehmen. Genossenschaftsmitglieder weniger von ihrer Mitgliedschaft profitieren, wenn sie nicht in Entscheidungsprozesse involviert sind. Zusammenfassend zeigt diese Dissertation, dass der lokale Kontext einen Unterschied in der Implementierung von Landgenossenschaften macht. Um die Genossenschaften zu fördern sollten politische Entscheidungsträger die Heterogenität der lokalen Bevölkerung. / This thesis contributes to the understanding of politics and processes in the co-management of natural resources through an analysis of Chinese land cooperatives. The focus of this work is the question of how local context and household characteristics interact with the implementation of land cooperatives. I address this question in three empirical research articles. In the first article, I examine the effect of different local context variables in different villages on the share of land area managed by a rural cooperative. It is shown that when local elites, such as government officials, village cadres or educated people, are co-operative chairmen, the proportion of land transferred to the cooperative is significantly larger. In the second article, I turn to the household level and examine determinants of membership in a cooperative and the impact of membership on the allocation of available labor. I do not state any general effect of cooperative membership on the probability of the head of household's non-agricultural employment. In the third article, I analyze the connection between participation in decision-making and household income from land cooperatives. I show that wealthier members and members of the Communist Party are more likely to participate in decision-making. Cooperative members benefit less from their membership if they are not involved in decision-making. In summary, this dissertation shows that the local context makes a difference in the implementation of land cooperatives. To encourage cooperatives, policy makers should consider the heterogeneity of the local population.