Abstract Ethernet based VPLS (Virtual Private LAN Service) is a transparent, protocol independent, multipoint L2VPN (Layer 2 Virtual Private Network) mechanism to interconnect remote customer sites over IP (Internet Protocol) or MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) based provider networks. VPLS networks are now becoming attractive in many Enterprise applications, such as DCI (data center interconnect), voice over IP (VoIP) and videoconferencing services due to their simple, protocol-independent and cost efficient operation. However, these new VPLS applications demand additional requirements, such as elevated security, enhanced scalability, optimum utilization of network resources and further reduction in operational costs. Hence, the motivation of this thesis is to develop secure and scalable VPLS architectures for future communication networks. First, a scalable secure flat-VPLS architecture is proposed based on a Host Identity Protocol (HIP). It contains a session key-based security mechanism and an efficient broadcast mechanism that increase the forwarding and security plane scalability of VPLS networks. Second, a secure hierarchical-VPLS architecture is proposed to achieve control plane scalability. A novel encrypted label-based secure frame forwarding mechanism is designed to transport L2 frames over a hierarchical VPLS network. Third, a novel Distributed Spanning Tree Protocol (DSTP) is designed to maintain a loop free Ethernet network over a VPLS network. With DSTP it is proposed to run a modified STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) instance in each remote segment of the VPLS network. In addition, two Redundancy Identification Mechanisms (RIMs) termed Customer Associated RIMs (CARIM) and Provider Associated RIMs (PARIM) are used to mitigate the impact of invisible loops in the provider network. Lastly, a novel SDN (Software Defined Networking) based VPLS (Soft-VPLS) architecture is designed to overcome tunnel management limitations in legacy secure VPLS architectures. Moreover, three new mechanisms are proposed to improve the performance of legacy tunnel management functions: 1) A dynamic tunnel establishment mechanism, 2) a tunnel resumption mechanism and 3) a fast transmission mechanism. The proposed architecture utilizes a centralized controller to command VPLS tunnel establishment based on real-time network behavior. Hence, the results of the thesis will help for more secure, scalable and efficient system design and development of VPLS networks. It will also help to optimize the utilization of network resources and further reduction in operational costs of future VPLS networks. / Tiivistelmä Ethernet-pohjainen VPLS (Virtual Private LAN Service) on läpinäkyvä, protokollasta riippumaton monipisteverkkomekanismi (Layer 2 Virtual Private Network, L2VPN), jolla yhdistetään asiakkaan etäkohteet IP (Internet Protocol)- tai MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) -yhteyskäytäntöön pohjautuvien palveluntarjoajan verkkojen kautta. VPLS-verkoista on yksinkertaisen protokollasta riippumattoman ja kustannustehokkaan toimintatapansa ansiosta tullut kiinnostavia monien yrityssovellusten kannalta. Tällaisia sovelluksia ovat esimerkiksi DCI (Data Center Interconnect), VoIP (Voice over IP) ja videoneuvottelupalvelut. Uusilta VPLS-sovelluksilta vaaditaan kuitenkin uusia asioita, kuten parempaa tietoturvaa ja skaalautuvuutta, optimaalista verkkoresurssien hyödyntämistä ja käyttökustannusten pienentämistä entisestään. Tämän väitöskirjan tarkoituksena onkin kehittää turvallisia ja skaalautuvia VPLS-arkkitehtuureja tulevaisuuden tietoliikenneverkoille. Ensin väitöskirjassa esitellään skaalautuva ja turvallinen flat-VPLS-arkkitehtuuri, joka perustuu Host Identity Protocol (HIP) -protokollaan. Seuraavaksi käsitellään istuntoavaimiin perustuvaa tietoturvamekanismia ja tehokasta lähetysmekanismia, joka parantaa VPLS-verkkojen edelleenlähetyksen ja tietoturvatason skaalautuvuutta. Tämän jälkeen esitellään turvallinen, hierarkkinen VPLS-arkkitehtuuri, jolla saadaan aikaan ohjaustason skaalautuvuus. Väitöskirjassa kuvataan myös uusi salattu verkkotunnuksiin perustuva tietokehysten edelleenlähetysmekanismi, jolla L2-kehykset siirretään hierarkkisessa VPLS-verkossa. Lisäksi väitöskirjassa ehdotetaan uuden Distributed Spanning Tree Protocol (DSTP) -protokollan käyttämistä vapaan Ethernet-verkkosilmukan ylläpitämiseen VPLS-verkossa. DSTP:n avulla on mahdollista ajaa muokattu STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) -esiintymä jokaisessa VPLS-verkon etäsegmentissä. Väitöskirjassa esitetään myös kaksi Redundancy Identification Mechanism (RIM) -mekanismia, Customer Associated RIM (CARIM) ja Provider Associated RIM (PARIM), joilla pienennetään näkymättömien silmukoiden vaikutusta palveluntarjoajan verkossa. Viimeiseksi ehdotetaan uutta SDN (Software Defined Networking) -pohjaista VPLS-arkkitehtuuria (Soft-VPLS) vanhojen turvallisten VPLS-arkkitehtuurien tunnelinhallintaongelmien poistoon. Näiden lisäksi väitöskirjassa ehdotetaan kolmea uutta mekanismia, joilla voidaan parantaa vanhojen arkkitehtuurien tunnelinhallintatoimintoja: 1) dynaaminen tunnelinluontimekanismi, 2) tunnelin jatkomekanismi ja 3) nopea tiedonsiirtomekanismi. Ehdotetussa arkkitehtuurissa käytetään VPLS-tunnelin luomisen hallintaan keskitettyä ohjainta, joka perustuu reaaliaikaiseen verkon käyttäytymiseen. Tutkimuksen tulokset auttavat suunnittelemaan ja kehittämään turvallisempia, skaalautuvampia ja tehokkaampia VLPS järjestelmiä, sekä auttavat hyödyntämään tehokkaammin verkon resursseja ja madaltamaan verkon operatiivisia kustannuksia.

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Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-04-06T23:39:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Alirio- RGV.pdf: 1134374 bytes, checksum: c5cada877e2f1b7066d7296503b7a9a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-06T23:39:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Alirio- RGV.pdf: 1134374 bytes, checksum: c5cada877e2f1b7066d7296503b7a9a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The aims of this study were to evaluate the adaptability and stability of 14 yellow passion fruit plant hybrids and to estimate the genetic components of variance and average via mixed models (REML/BLUP), estimate the phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations between passion fruit characteristics in three environments. The selection of genotypes was based on methods of adaptability, as produced by the harmonic mean of genetic values (MHVG); of stability, as produced by the relative performance of genetic values (PRVG); and on a joint selection for both adaptability and stability, as produced by the harmonic mean of the relative performance of the genetic values (MHPRVG). The genetic correlations were estimated (rG), phenotypic (rF) and environment (rE) for each environment. The following traits were evaluated: fruit number (FN); total cumulative productivity (TCP); fruit mass (FM); fruit length (FL); fruit diameter (FD); peel mass (PM); peel thickness (PT); pulp mass (PUM); juice yield (JY); soluble solids (SS); titratable acidity (TA); and SS/TA (RATIO). The estimates for heritability and the genetic gains in the evaluated environments were found to have good perspectives for the selection of superior genotypes, except for traits TCP, SS, and JY. There was a marked effect from the genotype x environment interaction (GxE) for most traits, except for FL, JY, SS, TA, and SS/TA. The most stable and adaptable hybrids in the evaluated environments were BRS Gigante Amarelo (BRS Yellow Giant), HFOP-09, H09-09, GP09-02, GP09-03, and BRS Sol do Cerrado (BRS Sun of Cerrado). In 88.88% of cases the estimates of genotypic correlations were higher than phenotypic in the three environments. In Len??is genotypic correlations between FN x FM, FD, PT, PM, PUM, SS and TA, differed from the other environments. In Dom Basil?o and Rio de Contas to TCP correlated positively with FM, FL, FD and PM. In all environments the selection of fruits with higher FM facilitating higher LF, FD, PM and PUM and the selection of the oval thinner peel fruit shape. In general, for correlations between traits of agronomic importance, such as FN x TCP, SS; FM x FD, PM, PUM, RATIO; FD x FM, PUM, RATIO; FL/FD x PT e FM x RATIO showed the same behavior in the three evaluation environments, except for characteristics FN x FM, FD, PT, PM, PUM e TA in Lenc?is. / Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade de 14 h?bridos de maracujazeiro-amarelo, estimar os componentes gen?ticos de vari?ncia e de m?dia via modelos mistos (REML/BLUP), estabelecer as correla??es fenot?picas, genot?picas e ambientais entre caracter?sticas do fruto de maracujazeiro em tr?s ambientes. Foram avaliados 14 gen?tipos de maracujazeiro nos ambientes de Dom Bas?lio-BA, Rio de Contas-BA e Len??is-BA, utilizando o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados completos, com tr?s repeti??es e nove plantas por parcela. A sele??o gen?tipos baseou-se nos m?todos da adaptabilidade dada pela m?dia harm?nica dos valores gen?ticos (MHVG), estabilidade pela performance relativa dos valores gen?ticos (PRVG) e sele??o conjunta para adaptabilidade e estabilidade dada pela m?dia harm?nica da performance relativa dos valores gen?ticos (MHPRVG). Foram estimadas as correla??o genot?pica (rG), fenot?pica (rF) e de ambiente (rE) para cada ambiente. Foram avaliados os caracteres, n?mero de frutos (NF); produtividade total acumulada (PR); massa do fruto (MF); comprimento de frutos (CF); di?metro do fruto (DF); rela??o CF/DF; massa da casca (MC); espessura de casca (EC); massa da polpa (MP); rendimento de suco (RE); s?lidos sol?veis (SS); acidez titul?vel (AT) e RATIO (SS/AT). As estimativas de herdabilidade e os ganhos gen?ticos nos ambientes avaliados apresentaram boas perspectivas para sele??o de gen?tipos superiores. Houve efeito pronunciado da intera??o GxE para a maioria dos caracteres, exceto CF, RE, SS, AT e SS/AT. De acordo com o crit?rio MHPRVG os h?bridos mais est?veis e adapt?veis nos ambientes de avalia??o foram o BRS Gigante Amarelo, HFOP-09, H09-09, GP09-02, GP09-03 e BRS Sol do Cerrado. Em 88,88% dos casos as estimativas das correla??es genot?picas foram maiores do que as fenot?picas nos tr?s ambientes. Em len??is as correla??es genot?picas foram negativas entre NF x MF, DF, EC, MC, MP, SS e AT, divergindo dos demais ambientes. Nos ambientes de Dom Bas?lio e Rio de Contas a PR correlacionou se positivamente com MF, CF, DF e MC. Em todos os ambientes a sele??o de frutos com maiores MF proporcionar? maiores CF, DF, PC e PP e pela sele??o do formato de frutos ovais menor espessura de casca. De modo geral, para as correla??es entre caracter?sticas de import?ncia agron?mica, como NF x PR, SS; MF x DF, MC, MP, RATIO; DF x MC, MP, RATIO; CF/DF x EC e MC x RATIO apresentaram o mesmo comportamento nos tr?s ambientes de avalia??o, exceto para caracter?sticas NF x MF, DF, EC, MC, MP e AT em Len??is.

This master thesis deals with calculation of steel wire ropes for cranes. Concretely is acted about calculation of wire ropes overhead crane manufactured by KRÁLOVOPOLSKÁ a.s. designed for load capacities up to 25 000 kg, which is situated at hall of steelworks. Further, the calculation of wire ropes different overhead crane was made to compare the results. The solution includes calculation made using valid standards ČSN 27 0100, DIN 15020-1, FEM 1.001 and ČSN EN 13001-3-2. Finally, the procedures are evaluated and compared with each other.

The aim of this master's thesis is suggestion and following realization of voice transmission over the local network equipment and a description of used circuits and solutions in terms of hardware and software. This thesis deals with digitization of low-frequency signals, the structure of IP and UDP protocols, implementation of TCP/IP stack cIPS

Switch Optimization in a Converged Network thesis discusses the role of the Ethernet switch in the network. It describes differences between the switch and the hub in the network and the impacts on the collision domain size. In the converged network, priority data switching according to their origin and thus the qualitative point of view is also addressed - e-mails, voice services and multimedia will each behave differently. A real element, switch L3 - a switch with services quality support - is mentioned. The tool Matlab - Simulink is briefly described and a functional simplified model of the ethernet switch was created. Furthermore, the topic was used as a theme for a laboratory task in the subject Services of Telecommunication Networks. A model for Simulink and an example of the laboratory protocol for the created task are attached to the thesis.

Ortsbasierte Dienste erfreuen sich in den letzten Jahren starker Beliebtheit. Für deren Umsetzung sind sog. Lokalisierungsdienste notwendig, welche eine Ortung von Mobilgeräten erlauben. Das GPS stellt den wohl populärsten Lokalisierungsdienst dar, ist jedoch innerhalb von Gebäuden nur sehr beschränkt einsetzbar. In der Vergangenheit wurden deshalb Methoden vorgeschlagen, die zur Positionsbestimmung auf die Messung der Empfangsfeldstärke von WLAN-Aussendungen zurückgreifen. Im Rahmen der Diplomarbeit soll untersucht werden, ob sich ebenfalls eine Postionsbestimmung anhand von Laufzeiten der WLAN-Signale umsetzen lässt. Bedingung hierbei ist, dass der Lokalisierungsdienst - eine reine Softwarelösung darstellt und keine Modifikationen an Hard- oder Firmware voraussetzt und - die Lokalisierung ohne für diese Zwecke ausgelegte Spezialhardware umsetzbar ist. Diese Anforderungen sollen sicherstellen, dass der zu entwickelnde Lokalisierungsdienst mit bereits installierter, handelsübliche Hardware umsetzbar ist. Es sind in Frage kommende Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Signallaufzeit zu erörtern. Für die Laufzeitmessung in Frage kommenden Zeitquellen sollen zugänglich gemacht und auf ihre Tauglichkeit untersucht werden. Durch Messreihen ist zu untersuchen, ob mit den vorgeschlagenen Messverfahren eine Lokalisierung möglich ist und in welchem Rahmen sich die zu erwartende Genauigkeit bewegt. Die in dieser Arbeit beschriebenen Konzepte sollen im Rahmen einer Proof of Concept Anwendung implementiert werden. Die Software soll unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Wiederverwendbarkeit entwickelt werden, um eine spätere Nutzung im Rahmen anderer Projekte zu ermöglichen.

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The study’s purpose has been to attract attention and facilitate discussion regarding norms that are present in text books in the social science for upper primary school. The theoretical premiss has been a normcritical perspective based on queer theory, social constructionism and intersectionality. The study’s conclusion is based on content analysis (text and image) of four text books. The method that was chosen were qualitative analysis with quantitative ingredients. This study was limited to family constellations, ability to function, gender/non-binary gender persons and white/non white persons.   In summary, the text books shows several normcritical perspectives. The results differ from earlier studies since one out of four study material is female dominant. The most common family constellation that appeared was the nuclear family. All study materials was dominated by white persons, additionally there were persons with disabilities: visual impairment (glasses). Other disabilities were absent. / Studiens syfte har varit att väcka uppmärksamhet och skapa diskussion kring vilka normer som förekommer i läroböcker i samhällskunskap för årskurs 4-6. Teoretiska utgångspunkter har varit normkritiskt perspektiv utifrån queerteori, socialkonstruktivism och intersektionalitet. Studiens resultat är baserat på text- och bildanalys av fyra läroböcker. Metoden som valdes var kvalitativ analys med kvanitativa inslag. Denna studie var avgränsad mot familjekonstellationer, funktionsförmåga, genus/könsöverskridande identitet och vithet/icke vithet.   Sammanfattningsvis har läroböckerna flera normkritiska perspektiv. Resultatet skiljer sig från tidigare forskning i och med att en av fyra läroböcker var kvinnodominerade. Den vanligaste formen av familjekonstellationer var kärnfamiljen. Samtliga läroböcker domineras av vita personer, dessutom finns presentationers av personer med funktionsnedsättning: synfel (glasögon). Andra funktionsnedsättningar lyste med sin frånvaro.

This thesis is divided into four distinct chapters all linked by the topic of spray cooling. Chapter one gives a detailed categorization of future and current spray cooling applications, and reviews the major advantages and disadvantages that spray cooling has over other high heat flux cooling techniques. Chapter two outlines the developmental goals of spray cooling, which are to increase the output of a current system and to enable new technologies to be technically feasible. Furthermore, this chapter outlines in detail the impact that land, air, sea, and space environments have on the cooling system and what technologies could be enabled in each environment with the aid of spray cooling. In particular, the heat exchanger, condenser and radiator are analyzed in their corresponding environments. Chapter three presents an experimental investigation of a fluid management system for a large area multiple nozzle spray cooler. A fluid management or suction system was used to control the liquid film layer thickness needed for effective heat transfer. An array of sixteen pressure atomized spray nozzles along with an imbedded fluid suction system was constructed. Two surfaces were spray tested one being a clear grooved Plexiglas plate used for visualization and the other being a bottom heated grooved 4.5 x 4.5 cm2 copper plate used to determine the heat flux. The suction system utilized an array of thin copper tubes to extract excess liquid from the cooled surface. Pure water was ejected from two spray nozzle configurations at flow rates of 0.7 L/min to 1 L/min per nozzle. It was found that the fluid management system provided fluid removal efficiencies of 98% with a 4-nozzle array, and 90% with the full 16-nozzle array for the downward spraying orientation. The corresponding heat fluxes for the 16 nozzle configuration were found with and without the aid of the fluid management system. It was found that the fluid management system increased heat fluxes on the average of 30 W/cm2 at similar values of superheat. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of this array at removing heat at full levels of suction is approximately 50% & 40% of a single nozzle at respective 10[degrees]C & 15[degrees]C values of superheat. The heat transfer data more closely resembled convective pooling boiling. Thus, it was concluded that the poor heat transfer was due to flooding occurring which made the heat transfer mechanism mainly forced convective boiling and not spray cooling. Finally, Chapter four gives a detailed guide for the design and construction of a high heat flux heater for experimental uses where accurate measurements of surface temperatures and heat fluxes are extremely important. The heater designs presented allow for different testing applications; however, an emphasis is placed on heaters designed for use with spray cooling.