This ethnographic study intends to explain the recent mobilization practices within the LGBTQ movement in contemporary Madrid in reference to the strategic use of identity and networking in collective action. It describes the Spanish movement as an ideologically polarized heterogeneous aggregate. The active challenging groups criticize the dominant part of the movement for giving up its original message of sexual liberation and diluting it in consumerism by supporting capitalist tendencies and the power of leading political parties. Via launching protest campaigns and collaborating in internationally supported networks with other ideologically related social movement communities, the challenging groups demand civil rights for all people, regardless of their sexual orientation or identity. They mobilize upon the collective identity of "precariousness" while integrating elements of queer and transgender theory into their radical leftist oriented politics in order to transform the Spanish society. By bringing on new critical ideas and adherents, the success of the leftist oriented challenging groups has an impact on the direction of the politics of the dominant group, which thereby is forced to adopt such ideas into their politics. Despite the disunity and antagonistic character of the movement, the...

Dans un contexte de bouleversements sociaux et d’une profonde polarisation politique entre la gauche et la droite, les élections présidentielles de 2018 au Brésil ont confirmé une significative montée du conservatisme dans la société brésilienne. Cela a conduit l'extrême droite au pouvoir, dont la campagne électorale était basée sur un discours conservateur anti-LGBTQ. Par conséquent, des manifestations hostiles contre les minorités sexuelles ont gagné en importance autour des disputes politiques, notamment des manifestations conservatrices contre l'exposition d'art Queermuseu en 2017. Toutefois, cette situation révèle une certaine contradiction au Brésil, où la communauté LGBTQ est constamment opprimée par un conservatisme qui gagne en force, en même temps qu’elle bénéficie d'un certain nombre de droits et de protections. Ainsi, afin de comprendre les aspects de cette situation contradictoire et les mécanismes de ce conservatisme qui se développent au Brésil, cette étude propose une analyse des circonstances historiques et politiques qui ont mené aux hostilités contre cette exposition. D’ailleurs, une comparaison de l’affaire Queermuseu avec un cas similaire aux États-Unis en 2010, l'exposition HIDE/SEEK à la National Portrait Gallery, permet de comprendre comment des polémiques autour des normes morales peuvent être exploitées au profit des politiciens conservateurs. Ces analyses révèlent l’existence d’un conservatisme politique au Brésil étroitement lié à un pouvoir religieux qui agit de manière stratégique dans l’arène politique en quête du pouvoir, par le truchement des églises évangéliques, qui sont constamment en opposition aux demandes de la communauté LGBTQ. / In a context of social upheaval and deep political polarization between left and right, the 2018 presidential election in Brazil confirmed a significant increase of conservatism in Brazilian society that led to the rise of the far-right, whose political campaign was based on a conservative anti-LGBTQ rhetoric. As a result, hostile demonstrations against sexual minorities have gained prominence, including conservative protests against the Queermuseu, a queer art exhibition, in 2017. However, this situation reveals a certain contradiction in Brazil, where despite the constant oppression caused by the increase of conservatism, the LGBTQ community is granted a certain number of rights and protections in public policies. Thus, this study proposes an analysis of the political and historical circumstances that led to the hostility toward this exhibition as a means to better understand the aspects of this contradictory situation and the mechanisms of the variety of conservatism that has developed in Brazil. Moreover, a comparison between the polemics around the Queermuseu and a similar case that took place in the United States during the 2010 exhibition HIDE/SEEK, presented at the National Portrait Gallery, helps us understand how controversies around moral norms can be exploited to the benefit of conservative politicians. The information gathered reveals the existence in Brazil of a political conservatism that is closely linked to a religious current that, in a quest for power in the political arena, acts strategically through evangelical churches that constantly oppose the claims of the LGBTQ community.

Background: Brands have started paying attention to brand authenticity since consumer demand for authenticity is increasing. Especially Gen Z is constantly seeking for authentic, inclusive, and diverse brands as they are the first generation to choose brands based on authenticity. Especially the LGBTQ community’s representation in advertising is often perceived as inauthentic and superficial. Since Gen Z is not only a big consumer of fast fashion but also the first to include fast fashion as part of their everyday life, the fast fashion industry is required to be more authentic in its use of LGBTQ in advertising. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore how Gen Z perceives LGBTQ images in fast fashion advertising and how this impacts brand authenticity. Method: For this study, an exploratory research design with a qualitative approach was applied. Using an abductive approach, existing literature was used as a basis to create the conceptual model of this study. Further, a fictional fast fashion brand including five advertisements were created and presented to twenty informants during semi-structured interviews to gain a more in-depth understanding of the research problem. Conclusion: The study found that Gen Z’s perceptions of LGBTQ images in fast fashion advertising can be classified into three categories: positive, neutral, and negative perceptions. Informants with a positive perception perceived the brand to be authentic whilst informants with a negative perception the opposite. Since informants with a neutral perception sometimes had similar perceptions as the informants with a positive or negative perception, no clear answer on their perception of brand authenticity can be given.

La pandémie de la COVID-19 s'est caractérisée par la mise en œuvre de contraintes sanitaires imposant la fermeture des lieux de rencontres, la distanciation sociale et le maintien à domicile par un couvre-feu imposé à toute la population. Toutefois, ces méthodes de restrictions sociales ont pu engager des enjeux spécifiques aux populations des jeunes hommes gais et bisexuels qui présentaient par le passé des vulnérabilités en termes de santé mentale et d’isolation sociale. L'objectif de cette étude est d'élargir la compréhension de l'expérience sociale et romantique des jeunes hommes gais et bisexuels de 18 à 26 ans de Montréal en période de COVID-19. L’étude s’est faite à l’aide d’un devis qualitatif interprétatif descriptif. Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été conduites avec 14 participants habitant à Montréal. Une analyse thématique a permis de faire ressortir trois thèmes répondant à l'impact de la COVID-19 sur la vie sociale et romantique des participants : 1) Un effritement social marqueur d’une solitude progressive importante; 2) Une injustice perçue par une jeunesse qui se sent sacrifiée et infantilisée par les mesures sanitaires; 3) Surmonter la crainte pour se socialiser en période pandémique. Les résultats révèlent la souffrance et le caractère d'injustice perçus par les jeunes hommes gais et bisexuels en raison des fortes contraintes ayant provoqué un éloignement social et l'abandon d'une vie romantique spontanée. Des propositions d'amélioration et de suivi sont élaborées afin de réduire les méfaits en santé sur le long terme. / The COVID-19 pandemic was characterized by the implementation of health restraints that required the closure of social venues, social distancing, and keeping people at home through a curfew imposed on the entire population. However, these social distancing measures may have negatively impacted young gay and bisexual men who have historically exhibited mental health and social isolation vulnerabilities. The purpose of this study is to broaden understandings of the social and romantic experiences of gay and bisexual men aged 18 to 26 years in Montreal during COVID-19. The study adopted an interpretative descriptive qualitative design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 participants. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis and revealed three themes that address the impacts of COVID-19 on the social and romantic lives of the participants: 1) Social erosion as a marker of significant progressive loneliness; 2) A sense of injustice experienced by youth who feel sacrificed and infantilized by health measures; 3) Overcoming fear to socialize during the pandemic. The results reveal the suffering and the injustice perceived by young gay and bisexual men due to the strong constraints that have caused them to become socially distant and to abandon a spontaneous romantic life. Suggestions for improvement and follow-up are developed to reduce health harms over the long term.

The aim of this paper is to analyse how future art teachers talk about gender identity and sexuality in the context of an image analysis. In order to gather the empirical data used for this paper we sent out a questionnaire to student teachers with art as their primary subject. This questionnaire contained both closed and open-ended questions where they were instructed to analyse and describe four pictures of individuals that could be perceived as queer-coded, as well as answer questions regarding the core content of visual arts in the Swedish curricula for grade 7-9. The answers were then looked at through a queer theroetical lens using critical discourse analysis as our method. Based on the answers of the questionnaire we concluded that future art teachers use a politically correct and norm critical approach when speaking about gender identity and sexuality. We could however also see some confusion in the answers that possibly stems from a lack of knowledge and experience on the subject of gender identity and sexuality.

This study explores the impact of homelessness on the identity formation of LGBTQ+ youth of color. This group of people is overrepresented within the unhoused community, and unfortunately, under-studied, especially within the qualitative data sector. A literature review found primary themes of identity formation, intersectionality, and discrimination and stigma. In addition to exploring the impact of housing instability on the identity formation of LGBTQ+ youth of color, this study emphasizes the significance of intersectionality in understanding their experiences. By noting the overlap of multiple marginalized identities such as race, sexual orientation, and gender identity, this research illuminates the unique challenges faced by individuals at the nexus of these identities. Based on a survey of the existing literature, an exploratory interview, and a quantitative data analysis, this study aims to shed light on the experiences of those who have struggled with housing instability, and who also identify as LGBTQ+ people of color within the age range of 18-25. Findings advocate for comprehensive support systems to empower and uplift these marginalized individuals, addressing systemic disparities and promoting social equity.

Purpose - This thesis investigates how London art museums work to deconstruct heteronormative filters. The aim is to study how museums relate to LGBTQ content, and the influence of internal power structures. I have chosen to focus on the Victoria & Albert Museum, the Wallace Collection, and the British Museum.  Method - To answer my questions, I interview eight individuals who work with LGBTQ content in museums. I am also doing some activity-based observations during several LGBT History month events. Analysis - The qualitative data collected through interviews and observations will be analyzed and presented in case studies. I apply an intersectional perspective, and a critical theoretical method, encompassing queer theory. Findings - The findings show that museums are slowly incorporating more LGBTQ content and perspectives. This may be due to changing social norms as well as a conscious effort to address various target audiences to diversify visitor demographics. The current focus is on visibility. Ideally, this will encourage updating terminol- ogy in databases and galleries, staff training, policies explicitly supporting LGBTQ content and LGBTQ staff, increased online presence, publications, and community co-creation, to name some aspects. Museums still think of LGBTQ interpretation as optional. People often work with these efforts in their spare time. Increasingly, the legacy of these events is being evaluated, as well as how museum terminology can become more inclusive. There are no coordinated efforts shared by the museums, but they often look to each other for inspiration.  Originality/value - Previous research on LGBTQ museum projects has not evaluated their legacy. There hasn't been any particular focus on LGBTQ perspectives in art museums. I am taking into account aspects of gender and queer theory, discussing the act of labelling as a means to exercise power through language. Paper type - Two years master's thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies. / Syfte - Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka och jämföra de insatser som tre konstmuseum i London, Stor- britannien, gör för att dekonstruera heteronormativa filter. Målet är att observera hur olika museum jobbar med HBTQ som tema och innehåll. Jag studerar vem det är som initierar normkritiska projekt på museerna, samt de maktstrukturer som projekten anpassar sig efter. Metod - Jag intervjuar åtta individer som på olika sätt jobbar med HBTQ på museum. Därtill företar jag mig ett antal aktivitetsbaserade observationer. Analys - De kvalitativa data som insamlats genom intervjuer och observationer analyseras utifrån ett intersek- tionellt perspektiv. Teori och metod inspireras även av kritisk kulturteori samt queerteori. Resultat - Resultaten visar bland annat att samhälleliga förändringar och besökarfokus öppnar upp för HBTQ- teman på museer. Synlighet ligger för närvarande i fokus. Detta kan utvecklas till arbete med t.ex. normkritisk personalutbildning, uppdaterade museipolicydokument som inkluderar HBTQ-fokus och skyddar HBTQ- personal, mer inklusiva etiketter och databaser, samt medskapande i dialog med olika sociokulturella grupper.  Värde - Tidigare forskning fokuserar på teoretiska utgångspunkter, och har sällan utvärderat existerande HBTQ- museumprojekt. Konstmuseum och HBTQ har inte heller specifikt utvärderats utifrån ett normkri- tiskt/intersektionellt perspektiv som involverar kritisk teori och queerteoretiska aspekter. Typ av uppsats - Tvåårig masteruppsats inom Arkiv-, biblioteks-, samt musei- och kulturarvsvetenskap.

This master thesis in Museum and Cultural Heritage Studies is written as part of the final examination of the Master Program in Archive, Library and Museum and Cultural Heritage Studies at Uppsala university. The study is also done within the framework of the Kulturarvet som högskolepedagogisk resurs vid Uppsala universitet project at Uppsala university.The thesis focus on the university museums in Uppsala and their relationships to LGBTQ. The main theoretical framework consists of queer theory and critical cultural heritage theory. The qualitative methods used are interviews and close reading. The study aims to analyze the way the Uppsala university museum managers talk about museums and LGBTQ and study the legal framework and the political climate in Sweden in regards to LGBTQ-issues at university museums.A central conclusion is a problematic framework surrounding the university museums and LGBTQ. The university museums exist in a gray area between being museums and parts of the university. This means specific laws, regulations, recommendations and guidelines about LGBTQ-issues at museums and universities are hard to apply at the university museums. The Uppsala university museum managers give voice to a situation where the museums lack the recourses and the incentive to deal with the complex issue of LGBTQ representation and perspectives. The close relationship between specific academic fields and the university museums also reflects in the way the museums deal with LGBTQ. This affects the way the museums interact with the university and the public since the museums unintentionally reproduce old heteronormative narratives. / I takt med att föreställningar och attityder i samhället förändras händer även något med museers verksamhet. Både sett till vad museer väljer att fokusera på och vad samhället förväntar sig av verksamheterna. Hbtq har kommit att bli allt mer aktuellt för de svenska museerna under de senaste åren. Denna studie har tittat på hur Uppsala universitetsmuseer förhåller sig till hbtq-perspektiv och -frågor. Studien utgår från kvalitativa intervjuer med museichefer från de fyra universitetsmuseerna som finns i Uppsala. De berörda museerna är Evolutions-museet, Museum Gustavianum, Uppsala linneanska trädgårdar och Medicin-historiska museet. Vad museicheferna berättar och hur de resonerar kring hbtq i relation till sina respektive verksamheter studeras. Likaså omfattar studien en närläsning av Uppsala universitets policydokument och verksamhetsmål, relevant lagstiftning samt kultur- och utbildningspolitiska dokument. I grunden finns ett teoretiskt perspektiv som tar utgång ur queerteori och kritiska kulturarvsstudier. Ett återkommande tema är den komplexa kontexten universitetsmuseerna befinner sig i. Bristen på direktiv och applicerbar lagstiftning innebär att hbtq inte integrerats i universitetsmuseernas verksamhet. Trots att museicheferna visade intresse för frågorna gav de även uttryck för upplevda svårigheter med att integrera och arbeta med hbtq i verksamheterna, vilket återspeglas i avsaknaden av satsningar. Detta kan ses som ett resultat av bortprioritering av frågorna inom Uppsala universitetet bl.a. som följd av en heteronormativt syn inom akademiska fält. Problematiken i relation till detta är att det påverkar vad museerna förmedlar till allmänheten och studenter samt vilka möjligheter det finns att inkludera universitetsmuseer i Uppsala universitets undervisning och forskning. / Kulturarvet som högskolepedagogisk resurs på Uppsala universitet

For decades LGBTQ rights have been approached purely by a legal strategy, in particular advocating for the legalization of same-sex marriage. However, discrimination and violence against the LGBTQ community continues to be a major issue in Latin America because of cultural values such as Catholicism and machismo that uphold a standard of and, in turn, have control over people’s sexuality. Using a human rights approach towards the politics of sexuality, LGBTI activists in Costa Rican and Nicaragua have been successful in transforming public opinion about sexuality and more importantly, sexual diversity. As a result of their egalitarian framework and efforts to educate people about sexual diversity, they have made great advancements toward achieving acceptance and equality for LGBTI people. This study focuses on how Costa Rican and Nicaraguan LGBTI activists have worked around traditional cultural values such as Catholicism and machismo that prevent people from accepting and tolerating LGBTI people. The examples of LGBTI activists in these two countries have important implications for other LGBTI activists and the strategies they use to try to achieve full equality (social and legal) for people whose sexual identity differs from the conventional.

Adolescents are coming to high school counselors to talk about sexuality for various reasons and the purpose of this study is to gain an enhanced understanding of how adolescents in high school talk regarding sexuality and LGBTQ. The empirical material is assembled on eight narrative interviews with high school counselors. The school counselors have through their experiences in meeting adolescents, submitted stories about the adolescents´ conversations regarding sexuality to us. The empirical data were analyzed by a standard critical perspective and with the help of heteronormativity it made norms about what is normal and abnormal visible and problematized. The result demonstrates that adolescents are influenced by norms of society, the media, family and friends. The main discussion areas of sexuality and LGBTQ, as seen in this study, are the media, social context plus norms and values. Adolescents express themselves in various ways and they are generally described as up-front, in case of discussing sexuality. To get a deeper insight into the empirical material we have used a narrative analysis that contributed reconstructions based on specific themes of the school counselors stories. The study's main findings is that adolescents surroundings, self-identity and self-esteem are the underlying factors of why adolescents talk with school counselors about sexuality. These three factors influence how adolescents talk about sexuality and what the conversations with the school counselors contains. / Ungdomar vänder sig till gymnasiekuratorn av olika anledningar för att prata om sexualitet och studiens syfte är att få en ökad förståelse för hur gymnasieungdomar samtalar om sexualitet och HBTQ med kuratorer. Det empiriska materialet grundar sig på åtta narrativa intervjuer med gymnasiekuratorer. Kuratorerna har genom sina erfarenheter av att möta ungdomar, berättat för oss om ungdomars samtal gällande sexualitet. Empirin har analyserats genom ett normkritiskt perspektiv och med hjälp av heteronormativitet har vi synliggjort och problematiserat normer om vad som anses normalt och avvikande. Resultatet visar att ungdomar påverkas av normer från samhället, media, familj och vänner. De främsta samtalsområdena inom sexualitet och HBTQ är media, social kontext och normer samt värderingar. Ungdomar uttrycker sig på olika sätt vid samtalen och de är överlag öppna kring att samtala om sexualitet. För att få en fördjupad insikt i det empiriska materialet har vi använt en narrativ analys som bidragit till rekonstruktioner av kuratorernas berättelser utifrån särskilda teman. Studiens viktigaste resultat är att ungdomars omgivning, självidentitet och självkänsla är bakomliggande faktorer till varför ungdomar samtalar med gymnasiekuratorer om sexualitet. Dessa tre faktorer påverkar hur ungdomar pratar om sexualitet och vad samtalen med kuratorn handlar om.