Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson Barbosa Lima.pdf: 5058865 bytes, checksum: 8d2acfbb6adbe83224fb75f2123e85cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-21 / The dissertation present aimed to analyze the National Council of Justice established by Constitutional Amendment nº 45/04, due to the conflicts that preceded its creation, as well as those who came later. At the beginning, it was discussed the historical Justice Councils around the world and the reasons that led its creation in Brazil, reflecting the administration of justice following Weber and Zaffaroni s models. Moreover, it was accentuated the importance of democratization of the Judiciary, giving an emphasis on popular participation. Then came to the conclusion that the organ is endowed with regulatory powers, checking their assignments. It was exposed the perspectives of the National Council of Justice in order to improve the judicial function, essential for the existence of a Democratic State of Law. Finally, was also considered the limits of its performance, culminating in an inability to regulate the activity of the tribunal judges. / A dissertação apresentada visou à análise do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, instituído pela Emenda Constitucional nº 45/04, adentrando os embates que antecederam à sua criação, bem como os que surgiram posteriormente. Inicialmente, tratou-se da evolução histórica dos Conselhos de Justiça ao redor do mundo e os motivos que levaram à necessidade de criação no Brasil, passando-se pelos modelos de administração da justiça de Weber e Zaffaroni. Outrossim, anotou-se a relevância da democratização do Judiciário, com ênfase na participação popular. Em seguida, chegou-se à conclusão de que o órgão é dotado de poder normativo, verificando suas atribuições. Tratou-se das perspectivas do Conselho Nacional de Justiça com o intuito de aprimorar a função judicial, essencial para a existência do Estado Democrático de Direito. Finalmente, também, dos limites da atuação, culminando na impossibilidade de regulamentar a atividade jurisdicional dos juízes.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2018-04-18T12:39:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato de Souza Gonçalves.pdf: 2338121 bytes, checksum: 85b8036843bc2880b84c59e7336108f9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-18T12:39:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato de Souza Gonçalves.pdf: 2338121 bytes, checksum: 85b8036843bc2880b84c59e7336108f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-12 / This research aims to analyze the losses occurring in the production process of a food industry, where statistical methods were used in the milk, peanut and marmalade production line. The case study was carried out at the Doçaria Dois Irmãos, located in Anápolis state of Goiás, where all the data were obtained for the study. The Toyota Production System was used with some quality management tools for the identification and treatment of losses. The data were processed according to the Statistical Process Control, where the stability tests were performed in the production process stages, and this was done through the control charts. After stabilizing the production process with the interventions made in the industry, it was also possible to perform the process capability test, where it was verified that some process steps do not have capacity. Through the results obtained, it was also possible to measure financially the losses that were occurring in the industry, the inherent gains of the investments in the improvement actions and the time of return on the investment made. Thus, it was understood that the time of return on investments justifies the interventions in the productive process of the company in question. It was concluded, therefore, that the losses in the productive process of the industry under study, not only left the processes unstable and incapable statistically, but also was generating unnecessary production costs. By applying improvement actions in the industry, it was possible to raise important information within the production process, as well as increase the profit in the production line of the selected sweets, due to the reduction of losses in the process. / Esta pesquisa visa analisar as perdas ocorrentes no processo produtivo de uma indústria de alimentos, onde foi utilizado métodos estatísticos na linha de produção dos doces de leite, amendoim e casadinho. O estudo de caso ocorreu na Doçaria Dois Irmãos, localizada em Anápolis estado de Goiás, onde obteve-se todos os dados para a concretização do estudo. Foi utilizado o Sistema Toyota de Produção com algumas ferramentas da gestão da qualidade para identificação e tratamento das perdas. Os dados foram tratados segundo o Controle Estatístico de Processo, onde se realizou os testes de estabilidade nas etapas do processo produtivo, sendo isto realizado através das cartas de controle. Após se estabilizar o processo produtivo com as intervenções feitas na indústria, foi possível também realizar o teste de capacidade do processo, onde se verificou que algumas etapas do processo não possuem capacidade. Através dos resultados obtidos, foi ainda possível mensurar financeiramente as perdas que vinham ocorrendo na indústria, os ganhos inerentes dos investimentos nas ações de melhoria e o tempo de retorno sobre o investimento realizado. Sendo assim, entendeu-se que o tempo de retorno sobre os investimentos justifica as intervenções no processo produtivo da empresa em questão. Conclui-se, portanto, que as perdas no processo produtivo da indústria em estudo, não só deixavam os processos instáveis e incapazes estatisticamente, como também estava gerando custos de produção desnecessários. Ao se aplicar ações de melhoria na indústria, foi possível levantar importantes informações dentro do processo produtivo, bem como aumentar o lucro na linha de produção dos doces selecionados, devido à redução de perdas no processo.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar procedimentos de verificação da estabilidade lateral de vigas de concreto em situações transitórias e com eles realizar análises paramétricas. As fases transitórias estudadas são içamento, transporte e pré-serviço com e sem contraventamento nos apoios. As formulações apresentadas contém cálculo de carga crítica de instabilidade lateral, momento crítico e fator de segurança. São apresentados exemplos numéricos e a partir deles realizadas análises paramétricas com intuito de determinar limites de segurança. Os parâmetros variados foram fck, imperfeições geométricas, vão, largura da mesa comprimida e espessura da alma fazendo uma comparação entre vigas I e retangular. Com os resultados, foram obtidas esbeltezes geométricas limite para fases transitórias, relações entre carga crítica e carga devido ao peso próprio e uma relação entre momento crítico elástico e momento último de flexão para a fase transitória anterior à execução do tabuleiro com contraventamento nos apoios, especificamente. Na comparação entre vigas I e retangular, constatou-se que os dois tipos de seção apresentam limites de segurança distintos. As análises mostraram que os limites de esbeltez geométrica recomendados, como lh/bf², geram elementos, de seção transversal I, muito esbeltos. Este parâmetro apresentou uma variação significativa na tentativa de determinar limites nas análises paramétricas. Portanto, pode ser conservador adotar como limite a menor esbeltez obtida nas análises. Conclui-se que a verificação da segurança por esbeltezes geométricas nem sempre é adequada, pois não são considerados parâmetros como imperfeições geométricas e fck que mostraram serem importantes nas análises paramétricas. A esbeltez representada pela razão entre momento último e momento crítico de instabilidade elástico é mais abrangente e a busca por um valor limite deste parâmetro apresentou resultados com pouca variação para as vigas I. Com relação ao limite clássico de segurança que recomenda uma carga crítica maior que quatro vezes a carga de peso próprio, os resultados mostraram que esta recomendação é conservadora. As análises paramétricas mostraram que para vigas I esta razão igual a dois e meio atende a segurança destes elementos. / The objective of this research is to present a contribution to the verification of lateral stability of concrete beams in transient situations through parametric analyzes. The transient phases studied are lifting, transportation and prior to execution of the deck with braced and unbraced supports. Formulations presented contain calculation of buckling load, buckling moment and factor of safety. Numerical examples are presented and parametric analyzes are performed from these aiming to determine safety limits. The varied parameters were fck, geometric imperfections, span, compression flange width and web width by making a comparison between I-beams and rectangular beams. With the results, slenderness limits were obtained for transient phases, relationships between critical load and load due to self-weight and a relationship between elastic critical moment and ultimate moment to the transient situation before the execution of the deck with braced supports, specifically. In the comparison between I-beams and rectangular beams, it was found that the two types of section present different safety limits. Analyzes showed that the geometric slenderness limits recommended, as lh/bf², generate slender elements of I cross section. This parameter showed a significant variation in an attempt to determine limits on parametric analyzes. Therefore adopt the lower slenderness limit obtained in analyzes may be conservative. It is concluded that the safety verification by geometric slenderness is not always adequate, because they do not consider parameters such as geometric imperfections and fck that showed to be important in the parametric analyzes. The slenderness ratio represented by the ultimate moment and elastic critical moment of instability is more comprehensive and the search for a limiting value of this parameter presented results with little variation for the I-beams. With respect to the classical limit of safety which recommends that the critical load is greater than four times the self-weight load, the results showed that this recommendation is conservative. Parametric analyzes showed that for I-beams this ratio equal to two and a half addresses the safety of these elements.

Ce travail se propose d'interroger le problème des limites de la représentation du cinéma de l'âge classique (1920-1960) à partir de l'esthétique organique-pathétique conçue par Sergueï Eisenstein dans la Non-Indifférente Nature, qu'il nomme « formule de l'extase ». Après avoir montré l'existence d'une double nature de l'extase chez Eisenstein (en même temps eidétique et régressive), ce travail montre les analogies de cette formule avec la mise en forme de l'excès de pathos (thématique et formel) dans l’œuvre de trois cinéastes hollywoodiens, King Vidor, Josef von Sternberg et Orson Welles. / This piece of work aims to inquire the topic of the limits of representation in the cinema of classical era (1920-1960) on the basis of the organic-pathetic esthetics conceived by Sergei Eisenstein in The Nonindifferent nature, which he names “formula of ecstasy”. After having shown the existence of a double (that is, eidetic and regressive at the same time) nature of ecstasy in Eisenstein, this piece of work will focus on the analogies between this formula and the shaping of the excess of (thematic and formal) pathos in the works by three Hollywood filmmakers: King Vidor, Josef von Sternberg and Orson Welles.

在傳統的Black-Scholes(B-S)選擇權評價公式中，並未將標的資產的漲跌幅限制(price limits)考慮進來。但是在某些國家如日本、韓國、台灣等其股票市場是有漲跌幅限制的。因此如果還是用傳統的B-S公式來評價，將會產生嚴重的誤差。而且在考慮漲跌幅限制下對於波動度(volatility)的估計，亦不同於傳統的計量方法，因為在漲跌幅限制下，價格會受到嚴重的扭曲，導致傳統的計量方法不再適用。本文的目的在推導出漲跌幅限制下選擇權之評價公式來取代B-S公式，並提供兩種估計波動度的方法，進而得出在考慮漲跌幅限制下正確的選擇權價值。我們發現距到期日越近、漲跌幅限制越小、波動度越大、越價外，標準B-S公式的評價誤差越嚴重。而本模型所推導的公式的誤差，相較B-S公式來的小。且實證結果也發現對較常碰觸漲跌停板的樣本而言利用GMM法來估計波動度較歷史波動度來的準確，其評價誤差也相對較小。

本文沿襲事件研究法的精神，首次將有無資訊的分類帶入漲跌幅限制的實證研究中。過去的文獻對於漲跌幅限制的效果，一直無法在理論或者實證上得到一致的結論，綜觀正反論辯，投資人對於資訊能否理性反應到股價上，是雙方交鋒的重點，因此假若能將造成漲跌幅事件背後的資訊本質釐清，將有助於吾人了解漲跌幅限制真正的影響。 本文利用個股的公開消息定義漲跌停事件的資訊本質，觀察漲跌停事件前後二十四小時股價、波動性與週轉率的變化，結果比較支持漲跌幅限制可以抑制過度反應的說法，不過漲跌幅限制卻在漲跌停板的前後，均造成較大的波動性與週轉率。此外，有資訊的漲跌停事件與沒有資訊的漲跌停事件，兩者的差異不如推論明顯，可能原因是存在本文無法捕捉的私有資訊。

<p>I use morphological, vocal, molecular, behavioural, ecological and distributional data to re-evaluate the systematics of three passerine bird groups, the <i>Mirafraassamica </i>complex (bush-larks), the genus <i>Seicercus</i> ("spectacled-warblers"; with emphasis on the the <i>S. burkii</i> complex) and the genus <i>Motacilla</i> (wagtails). Two new species are described: <i>Seicercus soror</i> and <i>Motacilla samveasnae</i>. I propose that the polytypic species <i>M. assamica</i> should be treated as four separate species: <i>M. assamica</i>, <i>M. affinis</i>, <i>M. microptera</i> and <i>M. marionae</i> (it is also remarked that the proper name of the latter is <i>M. erythrocephala</i>). That is primarily supported by vocalisations and mitochondrial DNA. The latter data set also suggests that <i>M. assamica</i> sensu lato is paraphyletic, since <i>M. erythroptera</i>, which is always treated as a separate species, is nested within the <i>M. assamica</i> complex. I propose that the polytypic species <i>S. burkii</i> comprises six sibling species. Some of these are found to breed sympatrically, although mainly or entirely segregated altitudinally. Mitochondrial DNA suggests that the <i>S. burkii</i> complex is non-monophyletic, and also that the divergence of the different taxa is much older than indicated by morphological and vocal data. According to the molecular phylogeny, both the genera <i>Seicercus</i> and its assumed sister genus <i>Phylloscopus</i> are paraphyletic. That is corroborated by independent data. The phylogenetic study of the genus <i>Motacilla</i> reveals incongruence between mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA and non-molecular data. I conclude that the nuclear gene tree reflects the organismal phylogeny more faithfully than the mitochondrial gene tree. The latter is likely to have been affected by introgressive hybridisation, possibly also stochastic lineage sorting. The most remarkable result that is strongly supported by both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA is that <i>M. flava</i> is non-monophyletic.</p>

Brownian motion has met growing interest in mathematics, physics and particularly in finance since it was introduced in the beginning of the twentieth century. Stochastic processes generalizing Brownian motion have influenced many research fields theoretically and practically. Moreover, along with more refined techniques in measure theory and functional analysis more stochastic processes were constructed and studied. Lévy processes, with Brownian motionas a special case, have been of major interest in the recent decades. In addition, Lévy processes include a number of other important processes as special cases like Poisson processes and subordinators. They are also related to stable processes. In this thesis we generalize a result by S. Chandrasekhar [2] and Edward Nelson who gave a detailed proof of this result in his book in 1967 [12]. In Nelson’s first result standard Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes are studied. Physically this describes free particles performing a random and irregular movement in water caused by collisions with the water molecules. In a further step he introduces a nonlinear drift in the position variable, i.e. he studies the case when these particles are exposed to an external field of force in physical terms. In this report, we aim to generalize the result of Edward Nelson to the case of α-stable Lévy processes. In other words we replace the driving noise of a standard Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process by an α-stable Lévy noise and introduce a scaling parameter uniformly in front of all vector fields in the cotangent space, even in front of the noise. This corresponds to time being sent to infinity. With Chandrasekhar’s and Nelson’s choice of the diffusion constant the stationary state of the velocity process (which is approached as time tends to infinity) is the Boltzmann distribution of statistical mechanics.The scaling limits we obtain in the absence and presence of a nonlinear drift term by using the scaling property of the characteristic functions and time change, can be extended to other types of processes rather than α-stable Lévy processes. In future, we will consider to generalize this one dimensional result to Euclidean space of arbitrary finite dimension. A challenging task is to consider the geodesic flow on the cotangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold with scaled drift and scaled Lévy noise. Geometrically the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is defined on the tangent bundle of the real line and the driving Lévy noise is defined on the cotangent space.

I use morphological, vocal, molecular, behavioural, ecological and distributional data to re-evaluate the systematics of three passerine bird groups, the Mirafraassamica complex (bush-larks), the genus Seicercus ("spectacled-warblers"; with emphasis on the the S. burkii complex) and the genus Motacilla (wagtails). Two new species are described: Seicercus soror and Motacilla samveasnae. I propose that the polytypic species M. assamica should be treated as four separate species: M. assamica, M. affinis, M. microptera and M. marionae (it is also remarked that the proper name of the latter is M. erythrocephala). That is primarily supported by vocalisations and mitochondrial DNA. The latter data set also suggests that M. assamica sensu lato is paraphyletic, since M. erythroptera, which is always treated as a separate species, is nested within the M. assamica complex. I propose that the polytypic species S. burkii comprises six sibling species. Some of these are found to breed sympatrically, although mainly or entirely segregated altitudinally. Mitochondrial DNA suggests that the S. burkii complex is non-monophyletic, and also that the divergence of the different taxa is much older than indicated by morphological and vocal data. According to the molecular phylogeny, both the genera Seicercus and its assumed sister genus Phylloscopus are paraphyletic. That is corroborated by independent data. The phylogenetic study of the genus Motacilla reveals incongruence between mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA and non-molecular data. I conclude that the nuclear gene tree reflects the organismal phylogeny more faithfully than the mitochondrial gene tree. The latter is likely to have been affected by introgressive hybridisation, possibly also stochastic lineage sorting. The most remarkable result that is strongly supported by both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA is that M. flava is non-monophyletic.

La tesi concerne il potere di rappresentanza degli amministratori e la rilevanza esterna del procedimento decisorio nelle società di capitali. Dall’interpretazione della direttiva 2009/101/CE risulta un sistema che stabilisce l’opponibilità dei limiti legali e l’inopponibilità dei limiti convenzionali. Dalle limitazioni soggettive consentite dalla direttiva si ricava “per sottrazione” che il diritto europeo prevede una regola suppletiva secondo la quale il potere di rappresentanza spetta a ciascun amministratore disgiuntamente. Nel diritto interno, nel silenzio delle fonti convenzionali, la mancanza di un’espressa regola suppletiva determina l’operatività della regola suppletiva europea. La fonte del potere di rappresentanza ha natura legale ma le fonti convenzionali possono stabilire delle limitazioni soggettive opponibili ai terzi ex artt. 2383, comma 4°, e 2448 c.c. Ammessa la rilevanza esterna dei limiti legali ai poteri degli amministratori, accogliendo la tesi secondo cui nelle società di capitali la dissociazione tra potere gestorio e potere rappresentativo costituisce un elemento del modulo organizzativo legale dell’amministrazione pluripersonale, si sostiene che il mancato rispetto del procedimento decisorio sia opponibile ai terzi che la società provi essere stati a conoscenza o aver colpevolmente ignorato il vizio affettante un presupposto legale del procedimento collegiale richiesto dalla legge (art. 2388, comma 5, c.c.). / This thesis concerns the power of representation of the directors and the external relevance of the decisional process in italian companies. The Directive 2009/101/EC provides a system in which the legal limits can be invoked and the internal limits cannot be invoked with respect to third parties. From the subjective limitations allowed by the Directive is obtained "by subtraction" that European law provides a default rule, according to which every director has the power of representation separately. In domestic law, in the silence of the statute, the lack of an explicit rule determines the operation of the European default rule. The source of the power of representation has a legal nature, however the statute can determine subjective limitations that can be invoked with respect to third parties. Admitting the external relevance of legal limits on the powers of the directors and accepting the argument that in case of a board of directors the legal model provides that the decision-making power is dissociated from the power of representation, it is argued that the breach of the decisional process can be invoked if the company proves that the third party knew the lack of a legal condition of the process required by law or ignored it culpably.