In this thesis, I explore how the logic and mobilization of critique as an emancipatory practice, situated within various historical inheritances of the Enlightenment project, enable/delimit ‘Western’ political imaginations. I therefore question how discourses and practices of critique not only reproduce but become functional to that which they seek to transform. That is, through its conventional fault-finding role, how does critique regulate (un)acceptable ways of thinking? By resituating critique as integrally constitutive of our inheritances, rather than an exceptional instrument of correction or virtue, this methodological reorientation has the potential to foster explorations that are grounded within, as opposed to transcendentally outside, our complex sites of inheritances. In this way, it is an inquiry into the histories and politics of Western projects of emancipation and progress as captured by practices, methods, and subjects of critique within various influential traditions.

Mελετάμε το πρόβλημα της διατήρησης κάποιας κλάσης πεπερασμένων ορίων από την αριστερή επέκταση Kan ενός συναρτητή. Παρουσιάζουμε αρχικά την περίπτωση για συναρτητές που λαμβάνουν τιμές στην κατηγορία των συνόλων. Η περίπτωση αυτή έχει μελετηθεί στην βιβλιογραφια, και ο χαρακτηρισμός τέτοιων επεκτάσεων Kan έχει να κάνει με την έννοια της επιπεδότητας του συναρτητή. Παρατηρώντας ότι η έννοια της επιπεδότητας μπορεί να ερμηνευτεί (με όρους εσωτερικής λογικής) σε μία κατηγορία η οποία είναι εφοδιασμένη με μία τοπολογία Grothendieck, μελετάμε το πρόβλημα στην γενικότητά του. Καθοριστικό ρόλο στην μελέτη μας, παίζει η έννοια του καθορισμένου συνορίου. Με αυτά τα εργαλεία καταλήγουμε σε ικανές και αναγκαίες συνθήκες για την διατήρηση πεπερασμένων γινομένων, πεπερασμένων συνεκτικών ορίων και όλων των πεπερασμένων ορίων από την αριστερή επέκταση Kan ενός συναρτητή που λαμβάνει τιμές σε μια κατηγορία η οποία είναι εφοδιασμένη με μία υποκανονική τοπολογία Grothendieck. Τέλος μελετάμε και την περίπτωση διατήρησης μονομορφισμών από αριστερές επεκτάσεις Kan μεταξύ αλγεβρικών κατηγοριών. / We study the problem of preservation of some classes of finite limits from the left Kan extension of a functor. Initially we present the case where the functor takes values in the category of sets. This case has been studied in the literature, and the characterization of such Kan extensions is related with the notion of flatness. Observing that the notion o flatness can be interpreted (with terms of internal logic) in a category which is equipped with a Grothendieck topology, we study the problem in its generality. Crucial role plays the notion of postulated colimit. With those tools, we conclude necessary and sufficient conditions for the preservation of finite products, of finite connected limits and all the finite limits from the left Kan extension of a functor which takes values into a category which is equipped with a subcanonical Grothendieck topology. Finally we study the case of preservation of monomorphisms from certain Kan extensions between algebraic categories.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:34:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anie Casagrande.pdf: 846830 bytes, checksum: 07ff5674b8339f273b0230059ef3d9bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present research had as its main goal the description of the demographical and neuropsychological characteristics, as well as the cognitive profile of a sample of students from the first grade presenting Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), identified by parents and teachers. The outline of the study has been characterized by a transversal cut, present in the sample of the 17 students already, identified by teachers with probable diagnosis of ADHD according to the diagnostical criteria of DSM IV-R and Conners Questionnaire. A traditional neurological exam has been made and the motor persistence of Evolutionary Neurological Exame (ENE), according to Lefèvre (1972). Children presenting ADHD for DSM IV-R have been included in the analysis with normal neurological exam and altered motor persistence. The parents or responsibles have signed a term of informed consent. The data collected has been processed by the use of EPI INFO 6.04 Program. A descriptive analysis of the data with percentual frequence, central tendeny measures, dispersion and Fischer Exact test has been made. ADHD has been diagnosed in the 17 students. Fifteen (88,2%) boys and two (11,7%) girls with the average age of seven years and three months. 12,5% have presented combined ADHD, 42,9 innatentive ADHD and 40,0% hyperactive. Most of children come from low income family. It existed concordance between lack of limits and ADHD. The parents have observed greater number of criteria for inattention and the teachers for hyperativity. In the crossing of altered answers of the items from Conners Questionnaire there has been a variation of agreement. We concluded that children in this study have had neuropsychological and cognitive alterations besides presenting criteria from the Manual of Diagnosis and Statistics of Mental disorders. The agreement / A presente pesquisa visou descrever as características demográficas, neuropsicológicas e o perfil cognitivo de uma amostra de escolares de 1ª série com Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH), identificada pelos pais e professores.O delineamento do estudo se caracterizou por um corte transversal, constando na amostra 17 crianças já identificadas pelos professores com provável diagnóstico de TDAH de acordo com os critérios diagnósticos do DSM IV-R e Questionário de Conners. Foi realizado exame neurológico tradicional e a persistência motora do Exame Neurológico Evolutivo (ENE), segundo Lefèvre (1972). Foram incluídas na análise as crianças que apresentavam para o DSM IV-R o TDAH, exame neurológico tradicional normal e persistência motora alteradas. Os pais ou responsáveis assinaram o termo de consentimento informado. Os dados coletados foram processados mediante o uso do Programa EPI-INFO 6.04. Foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados com freqüência percentuais, medidas de tendência central e de dispersão e Teste Exato de Fischer. Foi diagnosticado TDAH nos 17 escolares. Quinze (88,2%) meninos e duas (11,7%) meninas com a média de idade (7 anos e 3 meses). 12,5% apresentaram TDAH combinado, 42,9% TDAH desatento e 40,0 % hiperativos. A maioria das crianças é oriunda de famílias de baixa renda. A relação entre a falta de limites e o TDAH é existente. Os pais observaram maior número de critérios para a desatenção e os professores para a hiperatividade. No cruzamento das respostas alteradas dos itens do Questionário de Conners existiu uma variação na concordância. Concluiu-se que as crianças deste estudo além de apresentarem critérios do Manual Diagnóstico Estatístico dos Transtornos Mentais para o TDAH tiveram alterações neuropsicológicas e cognitivas. A concordância para os critérios do DSM IV-R para o TDAH entre pais e professores foi parcial

Die Tätigkeiten im Notarzt- und Rettungsdienst sind häufig mit persönlichen Gefährdungen verbunden. Im Raum steht aber auch immer die Problematik von Gefährdungssituationen, die durch den Notarzt "nur" als solche wahrgenommen, sozusagen "empfunden" werden. In dieser Arbeit wird v. a. vor dem Hintergrund der Erforderlichkeit und Zumutbarkeit die Frage prinzipiell diskutiert, ob und inwieweit ein Notarzt zum Handeln verpflichtet ist. Im Ergebnis ist objektiv-typisierend auf den Facharztstandard bzw. den Indikationskatalog für den Notarzteinsatz in Kombination mit arzt-/berufsrechtlichen Gesichtspunkten im engeren Sinne (z. B. Freiberuflichkeit) abzustellen. Es wird sich jedenfalls immer um eine Einzelfallbetrachtung und um eine individuelle, fallbezogene Entscheidung handeln. Bei seltenen, sehr unwahrscheinlichen Situationen mit relativer Ermangelung von objektiv-typisierbaren Gesichtspunkten werden die Anforderungen, aber auch die Chancen, an die "höchstpersönliche" Berufsausübung, an die Persönlichkeit des Arztes (v. a. in der Entscheidungsfindung) umso größer werden.

In the thesis we investigate two problems on Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) in differential geometry and fluid mechanics. First, we prove the weak L^p continuity of the Gauss-Codazzi-Ricci (GCR) equations, which serve as a compatibility condition for the isometric immersions of Riemannian and semi-Riemannian manifolds. Our arguments, based on the generalised compensated compactness theorems established via functional and micro-local analytic methods, are intrinsic and global. Second, we prove the vanishing viscosity limit of an incompressible fluid in three-dimensional smooth, curved domains, with the kinematic and Navier boundary conditions. It is shown that the strong solution of the Navier-Stokes equation in H^r+1 (r > 5/2) converges to the strong solution of the Euler equation with the kinematic boundary condition in H^r, as the viscosity tends to zero. For the proof, we derive energy estimates using the special geometric structure of the Navier boundary conditions; in particular, the second fundamental form of the fluid boundary and the vorticity thereon play a crucial role. In these projects we emphasise the linkages between the techniques in differential geometry and mathematical hydrodynamics.

This qualitative socio-legal study critically examined the protection against housing discrimination found in chapter 2 § 12 of the Swedish Discrimination Act (SFS 2008:567), in light of United Nations, Council of Europe and European Union housing and non-discrimination (human rights) standards. As an applied socio-legal study it aimed to be critical towards the limits of law in context. By applying an intersectional approach as the theoretical framework for the study, it aimed to identify legal weaknesses from an intersectional point of view. The study made use of a descriptive doctrinal analysis method and a critical text analysis method. The material for analysis consisted of civil housing discrimination law: legislation, preparatory works and case law. The case law, anonymized for this study, consisted of three district court judgments and three appeal court judgments processed during the years 2007-2016. The first research question asked what, if any, forms of intersectional discrimination the housing discrimination law face and comprise. The descriptive doctrinal analysis revealed that all cases shared the discrimination ground ‘ethnicity’ and discrimination form ‘direct discrimination’. The critical text analysis resulted in three themes illustrating intersectional discriminating facing the law: “aggressive men” (the intersection of sex and ethnicity), “resourceless women” (the intersection of sex, socio-economic class and ethnicity) and “unsettled strangers” (the intersection of socio-economic class and ethnicity). The second research question asked what, if any, the limits of law are from an intersectional point of view. By discussing the three themes in relation to the legal landscape and previous research it was possible to identify several limits of law relating to intersectionality, such as the exhaustive list of discrimination grounds, absent discrimination grounds and an absence of intersectional awareness. The study concluded that Swedish housing discrimination law rely on formal equality, which renders intersectional discrimination invisible and the power of housing human rights disputable.

Em décadas recentes, a cada novo pleito eleitoral, seja nas eleições majoritárias ou proporcionais, os fiéis das igrejas evangélicas passaram a ser peças chaves das disputas eleitorais, em virtude do declínio contínuo do número de católicos e da correlacionada difusão das igrejas evangélicas, nomeadamente as pentecostais e neopentecostais. O presente estudo analisa a participação da religião evangélica no processo eleitoral brasileiro, especialmente nas eleições presidenciais de 2010 e 2014, a fim de perquirir quais os limites ético-jurídicos da influência desse vertente religiosa no processo eleitoral brasileiro. Os limites éticos foram avaliados com base na ética protestante, e os jurídicos, à luz da legislação eleitoral brasileira, discutindo sobre a possibilidade da participação da religião evangélica nas campanhas eleitorais, como mecanismo de exercício de poder e/ou de convencimento com esteio em valores morais religiosos. / In recent decades, in each new election campaign, be they by majority or proportional, the faithful of the Evangelical churches have become key elements in the election disputes, due to the continuous decline in the number of Catholics and the correlated diffusion of Evangelical churches, namely the Pentecostal and Neo-Pentecostal churches. This study analyzes the participation of the Evangelical religion in the Brazilian electoral process, especially in the presidential elections of 2010 and 2014, so as to discover what the ethical-legal limits of the influence of this religious dimension in the Brazilian electoral process are. The ethical limits were evaluated based on the Protestant ethics, and the legal limits based on the Brazilian electoral legislation, discussing about the possibility of the participation of the Evangelical religion in the electoral campaigns being a mechanism of exercising power and/or persuasion with the pillar being religious moral values.

This thesis deals with the issue of primary school websites and the potentials of their usage by students and teachers. Recently, websites became very common means of communication and educational platform. The aim of the thesis is to determine the potentials and limits of using websites in primary education. The thesis is divided into three main chapters and it has four appendices. The introductory chapter introduces the aims and the concept of the thesis. The part dedicated to the current state of the problem describes the development of Internet usage by children in the Czech Republic and other countries. This chapter deals with statistic data from the survey carried by the Czech Statistical Office and from a National Educational Institute project Škola21, in which the leaderships of various schools answered questions about the ways of using the school website as a part of self-evaluation. In this chapter, there is also a division of the target groups of school web users, short overview that demonstrates the development of school website in the last ten years, and a description of the parts that it, in some cases, contains. Special part is dedicated to evaluation tools of school website and other resources that can help determine the criteria of a high quality website and thus its potentials and limits. The second chapter, which is the main part of the thesis, is a research of school website and Internet usage in general by students and teachers and presents the basic research questions that were being answered. The main research question that is later divided into sub-questions is "How do students and pedagogical employees use the Internet and school website?" The main tool for collecting the answers were questionnaires designed according to a pre-research. The questionnaires collected the answers about the usage of the school website from students and teachers. The answers are statistically elaborated and the results are being compared by classification of fist and second degree. Here, the ways of students' and teachers' work with the website are compared and relations that can designate the potentials of the school website are looked for. The answers were further compared according to the respondents' school location, frequency of the school website visits, Internet access and other criteria. The results of the research were further discussed in interviews with groups of students and teachers. These interviews were focused on discovering the reasons for the respondents' answers. The thesis summarizes the results of the research and puts them into context with previously published work on this topic. Using these findings, the third chapter defines and explains recommended content of a school website and thus, sets the basic limits and potentials of its usage. On the basis of the information from the overview of current studies on this topic and using the research data, the thesis suggests a school website evaluation tool, which can answer the question about how the potentials of a school website are utilized. Computational algorithms and procedures of creating the evaluation tool are described in the research part of the thesis as well as the results of its testing on two primary schools in the Czech Republic.

Cette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre de l’évaluation du risque d’accélération de flamme en situation accidentelle. La méthodologie développée dans le cadre de l’évaluation du risque hydrogène dans l’industrie nucléaire a permis de proposer un critère permettant d’évaluer le risque d’accélération des flammes de prémélange hydrogène/air/diluants, sur la base des propriétés du mélange. L’objectif de cette étude est l’acquisition de données fondamentales relatives aux mélanges gaz naturel/air et gaz de synthèse/air puis l’extension de la méthodologie appliquée aux mélanges hydrogène/air à ces mélanges. Ainsi, trois mélanges gazeux ont été choisis et ont fait l’objet de cette étude. Il s’agit du G27 (82%CH4/18%N2), du G222 (77%CH4/23%H2), et du H2/CO (50%H2/50%CO). Au cours de ce travail les limites d’inflammabilités des mélanges ont été déterminées pour une température initiale de 300 K et une pression de 1 et 2 bars. Les vitesses fondamentales de flamme et les longueurs de Markstein ont été mesurées à différentes températures initiales (300, 330 et 360 K) et à deux pressions initiales (1 et 2 bar) pour chacun des mélanges. Une modélisation cinétique de la vitesse de flamme a été réalisée et a permis l’évaluation de l’énergie d’activation globale sur la base du modèle cinétique présentant le meilleur accord avec l’expérience. La propension des mélanges a s’accélérer fortement en présence d’obstacles a ensuite été caractérisée au cours de l’étude de l’accélération de flamme. Cette étude de l’accélération de flamme a permis de mettre en évidence que différents critères d’accélération s’appliquent selon que la flamme soit stable ou pas. Un critère permettant de prédire l’accélération de flamme a été proposée dans les deux cas. / The context of the current study is the assessment of the occurrence of flame acceleration in accidental situations. The methodology developed for the assessment of hydrogen hazard in the nuclear industry led to the definition of a criterion for the prediction of the acceleration potential of a hydrogen/air/dilutant mixture based on its properties. This study aims to extend this methodology to gaseous mixtures that can be encountered in the classical industry. Therefore, three mixtures were chosen: the first two are representatives of a natural gas/air mixture: G27 (82%CH4/18%N2) and G222 (77%CH4/23%H2). The third one is a H2/CO (50%H2/50%CO) mixture and represents the Syngas. During this work, flammability limits were measured at 300 K and two initial pressures (1 and 2 bar) for each mixture. Fundamental flame speeds and Markstein lengths were also measured at three initial temperatures (300, 330, 360 K) and 2 initial pressures (1 and 2 bar) for each mixtures. A kinetic modeling was performed based on three detailed kinetic models and allowed the calculation of the global activation energy on the basis of the kinetic model which showed the best agreement with the experimental data. The acceleration potential for each mixture in presence of obstacles has then been investigated. It was found that different criteria were to be applied depending on whether the flame is stable or not. A predicting criterion was proposed in both case.

Esse estudo trabalha com as formulações de Umberto Eco sobre a abertura poética e os limites da interpretação, as quais caracterizam um modelo de teorização sobre a plurissignificação/ambiguidade das obras artísticas e o entendimento de que as estratégias semióticas que essas obras veiculam não permitem toda sorte de interpretação, sendo necessário percorrer a intenção da obra e transformar o leitor empírico em estratégia textual (a noção de leitor-modelo). Além disso, o estudo defende que o pensamento econiano, ao privilegiar a atividade de interpretação como sendo uma negociação entre a intenção da obra e a intenção do leitor(-modelo), possa oferecer um tipo de aparato crítico-teórico que contribua, em sentido amplo, para as reflexões acerca do entendimento da figura do leitor em formação projetada em contextos de ensino de literatura. De modo a percorrer esses intentos, dividimos nossa pesquisa em quatro capítulos: o primeiro deles volta-se para a formulação principal sobre o modelo teórico-crítico econiano; o segundo, contém exemplos de experiências interpretativas que almejem uma aplicação do modelo em questão; o terceiro, foca-se na função do leitor no domínio desse modelo, segundo o qual o leitor passa a ser uma estratégia interpretativa; e o quarto capítulo delineia uma noção de autonomia do leitor que caiba nesse mesmo contexto. Outra parte importante do nosso estudo é a das “Considerações iniciais”, em que comentamos sobre as escolhas que orientaram a pesquisa em tela e também sobre as principais limitações filosóficas e teóricas do pensamento econiano visitado. / This study works with the notions of openness and the limits of interpretation formulated by Umberto Eco. These notions characterize a model of theorization of plurisignification/ambiguity of artistic works and also the understanding that the semiotic strategies which these works present do not allow for every kind of interpretation, being it necessary to percuss the intention of the text, and to transform the empirical reader in a textual strategy (the notion of model reader). In addition this study proposes that Eco’s critical/theoretical model, since it gives special attention to the activity of interpretation as a negotiation between the intention of the text and the intention of the (model)reader, might contribute in a broad sense to the understanding about the reader as beginner which is placed in literary teaching contexts. In order to undergo these attempts, we divided our research in four chapters. The first one targets the main formulation about Eco's critical/theoretical model. The second contains examples of interpretative experiences that aim at applying the theoretical model in question. The third focuses on the role of the reader in this model’s scope, in which the reader becomes an interpretative strategy. The fourth chapter delineates a notion of the reader’s autonomy that fits the same context. Another important part of our study is the “Initial considerations” in which we comment both on the choices that guided the research on screen and on the main philosophical and theoretical limitations of the Eco's thoughts. / Este estudio trabaja con las formulaciones de Umberto Eco sobre la abertura poética y los límites de la interpretación, las cuales caracterizan un modelo de teorización sobre la plurisignificación/ambigüedad de las obras artísticas y el entendimiento de que las estrategias semióticas que esas obras conducen no permiten toda la suerte de interpretación, siendo necesario recorrer la intención de la obra y transformar al lector empírico en estrategia textual (la noción de lector modelo). Además, el estudio sostiene que el pensamiento econiano, cuando favorece la actividad de la interpretación como una negociación entre la intención de la obra y la intención del lector(-modelo), puede ofrecer una especie de aparato crítico-teórico que contribuya, en sentido amplio, con la reflexión sobre la comprensión de la figura del lector en formación diseñada en los contextos de enseñanza de la literatura. Con el propósito de recorrer dichos intentos, dividimos nuestra investigación en cuatro capítulos: el primero de ellos se dirige para la formulación principal sobre el modelo crítico-teórico econiano; el segundo contiene ejemplos de experiencias interpretativas que pretenden una aplicación del modelo en cuestión; el tercero se centra en la función del lector en el dominio de dicho modelo, en el cual el lector pasa a ser una estrategia interpretativa; y el cuarto capítulo delinea una noción de autonomía del lector que corresponde a ese mismo contexto. Otra parte importante de nuestro estudio es el de las “Consideraciones iniciales”, en que comentamos sobre las elecciones que orientaron la presente investigación y también sobre las principales limitaciones filosóficas y teóricas del modelo econiano analizado.