Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención Mecánica / Both the CAD software and FEM software have a significant impact on engineering nowadays. Even though both are powerful tools for design and analysis, the main drawback is that CAD geometries and Finite Element models do not entirely match, which results in the necessity to re-parameterize the geometry many times during the solution cycle in FEM. Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) was proposed to fulfill this gap and create the direct link between the CAD design and FEM analysis. The main idea of IGA is to substitute the shape functions used in FEM by the shape functions used in the CAD software. In particular, one of the main drawbacks of NURBS basis functions, and therefore of IGA, is the lack of local refinement, which makes them computationally highly expensive in applications that demands a non-uniform refinement of the geometry. Polynomial splines over Hierarchical T-meshes (PHT-splines) were introduced by Deng et al. as a type of spline that allows local refinement and adaptability by means of a polynomial basis capable of parameterizing the geometry. In this work, we demonstrate the application of PHT-splines for two type of problems: time-harmonic acoustic problems, modeled by the Helmholtz equation, and fracture mechanics of thin plate problems, modeled by the Kirchhoff-Love theory. Solutions of the Helmholtz equation have two features: global oscillations associated with the wave number and local gradients caused by geometrical irregularities. The results show that after a sufficient number of degrees of freedom is used to approximate global oscillations, adaptive refinement can capture local features of the solution. The residual-based and recovery-based error estimators are compared and the performance of $p$-refinement is investigated. Moreover, an eXtended Geometry Independent Field approximaTion (XGIFT) formulation based on Polynomials Splines Over Hierarchical T-meshes (PHT-splines) for modeling both static and dynamic fracture mechanic problems for plates described by the Kirchhoff-Love theory is presented. Adaptive refinement is employed using a recovery-based error estimator. Results show that adaptive refinement can capture local features of the solution around the crack tip, improving results in both static and dynamic examples. In both cases, the simulations are done in the context of recently introduced Geometry Independent Field approximaTion (GIFT), where PHT-splines are only used to approximate the solution, while the computational domain is parameterized with NURBS. This approach builds on the natural adaptation ability of PHT-splines and avoids the re-parameterization of the NURBS geometry during the solution refinement process.

L’universitaire bouddhiste japonais Masao Abe attira l’attention dans les années 1980 par des écrits comparants le bouddhisme et le christianisme, notamment les notions de « kénose » du Christ dans le christianisme et de « vacuité » dans le bouddhisme. Dès lors que nous cherchons à évaluer la validité du rapprochement fait par Abe entre « kénose » et « vacuité », il est nécessaire de questionner préalablement la conception qu’il a du concept de « vacuité ». Nous montrons que la compréhension qu’il en a est en relation constante avec la pensée du philosophe bouddhiste indien Nâgârjuna. Cela nous conduit à conclure par la négative quant à cette validité du rapprochement fait par Abe entre « kénose » et « vacuité ». Dans une deuxième partie, nous tentons de relever le défi auquel se mesure Abe de trouver un lieu de rencontre entre christianisme et bouddhisme en continuant à discuter ses écrits sur la question du moi dans la perspective du « pur amour » / The Japanese academic and Buddhist Masao Abe drew the public attention in the 1980s by comparative studies of Buddhism and Christianism, in particular through the notions of "kenosis" of Christ in Christianism and "vacuity" in Buddhism. Since we try to estimate the validity of the link made by Abe between "kenosis" and "vacuity", it is necessary to question beforehand his understanding of the concept of "vacuity". We demonstrate that his understanding of this concept is in constant relation with the thought of the Indian Buddhist philosopher Nâgârjuna. It leads us to consider negatively the validity of the link made by Abe between "kenosis" and "vacuity". In a second part, we try to take up the challenge Abe confronts himself in order to find a meeting place between Christianism and Buddhism by discussing the way he conceives the question of the self from the angle of "pure love"

L’étude proposée dans cette thèse concerne l’œuvre du poète italien Sandro Penna (1906-1977) et a pour but d’élaborer une lecture critique et chronologique. Penna, dont on peut dire qu’il est une figure isolée des courants poétiques de son époque, présente en effet dans ses poésies et ses récits en prose, pour la majorité extrêmement courts, une vision atemporelle de l’existence et essentiellement centrée sur l’amour des jeunes garçons – thème récurrent et obsessionnel dès ses premières compositions. Il est ainsi difficile de certifier que son œuvre est un « roman autobiographique écrit en vers ». Aussi les recueils Poesie, Confuso sogno, Peccato di gola. (Poesie al fermo posta) et Un po’ di febbre seront-ils analysés afin de retracer l’itinéraire singulier de Penna et de confirmer que l’amour pour les jeunes garçons est l’expression d’un amour plus universel pour la vie ; cette vie « sans dates » dans laquelle nous entendons en écho la voix de certains de ses contemporains, comme Saba, Montale, Ungaretti et Pasolini ou bien encore celle de certains de ses prédécesseurs, tels que Leopardi et Pascoli. Il apparaît que la quête poétique et existentielle de Penna vise finalement à retrouver un dialogue harmonieux avec l’Origine – ce mythe de l’enfance primordiale dont les souvenirs sont immédiatement absorbés par le mal de vivre propre à la Modernité – et à envisager l’existence humaine comme un cycle infini. Dans cette perspective, les œuvres de Platon et de Nietzsche, bien connues de Penna, nous permettent d’approfondir ce questionnement, grâce auquel le poète parvient finalement à sublimer le vécu. / This thesis deals with the work of the Italian poet Sandro Penna and intends to be a critical and chronological reading and analysis. Penna stands apart from the poetical movements of his time; therefore most of his poems and prose narration works are very short and present a timeless view of Life mainly focused on love for young men (from 13 to 16 y.o). From his very first writings this topic is recurrent and obsessional. This is the reason why it is difficult to establish his work as “an autobiographical novel in verse”. Consequently the collections Poesie, Confuso sogno, Peccato di gola. (Poesie al fermo posta) and Un po’ di febbre are analysed in order to relate the uncommon Penna’s personal path and to confirm that love for young men expresses a more universal love for Life. In this “out of time” life an echo of voices of his coevals, such as Saba, Montale, Ungaretti and Pasolini and of his predecessors like Leopardi and Pascoli can be heard. Two aims appear in the poetical and existential quest by Penna: - restoring a harmonious dialog with the Beginning (which is considered as the myth of the original childhood from which memories are immediately absorbed by the spleen of Modernity); - seeing human life as an infinite cycle. From this viewpoint, Platon and Nietzsche’s works, which were well known by Penna, allow us to go further into this questioning through which the poet succeeds in sublimating Real Life.

individuals who self-identify as sex addicts, unique health and social consequences are not well understood because of factors, such as stigma. It is important that the nursing community understand this phenomenon to address, understand, and provide sensitive and meaningful care. However, there is limited research on this topic. The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of individuals who self-identify as sex addicts. Through snowball sampling, five men and five women between 27 to 45 years old, and older. participated in the phenomenological study. Meaning units and themes were revealed through the participants' experiences as follows: A Connecting with Others: 1. Reaching Out 2. Seeking Shared Understanding 3. Connecting with Your Higher Power B Managing Stigma: 1. Revealing Concealing C Integrating the Past for Recovery: 1. Reflecting Triggers 2. Overcoming Powerlessness. D Being Vigilant: 1. Intentional Refocusing 2. Living an Honest Life E Giving of Oneself: 1. Informing Others 2. Doing Service. The overall structure synthesized from the meaning units and themes was: "The lived experience of seeking health in recovery from sex addiction is dancing on the outer circle, connected to a community that understands fear, shame and the struggle to remain vigilant for pitfalls while intentionally refocusing on living an honest life of giving and receiving." Seeking health incorporates a holistic, community involved, multifaceted approach to recovery. Understanding how individuals seek health in recovery provides a framework to impart meaningful, sensitive nursing care. / by Lawren Mundy. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Não há garantias para o sujeito que ama; o relacionamento com o outro é uma tentativa de busca da felicidade, mas também é ao amar que o sujeito se torna mais suscetível ao sofrimento. A psicanálise aponta para esse paradoxo desde Freud e Lacan lança mão do paradoxo como figura de linguagem possível para falar de amor. O principal aforisma lacaniano sobre o tema é amar é dar o que não se tem, mas, para chegar até esse ponto de seu ensino, Lacan se debruçou sobre inúmeras questões ao longo de seus seminários. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o uso que Jacques Lacan fez do paradoxo para falar sobre o amor. A Análise do Discurso Pêcheutiana (AD) contribuiu para elucidar a interpelação do indivíduo em sujeito e a identificação com formações discursivas dominantes sobre o amor, sendo essa identificação fundadora de uma unidade imaginária. Visto que algumas obras de arte foram utilizadas para ilustrar a relação entre amor e paradoxo, foi a partir da AD que tais obras foram analisadas e incorporadas aos resultados. Além disso, essa metodologia indiciária auxiliou na interpretação do percurso empreendido por Lacan, principalmente no seminário VIII no qual ele se utiliza do texto O Banquete, de Platão, para relacionar, por exemplo, o conceito de falta com o tema do amor, análise esta cuja compreensão foi fundamental para o cumprimento do objetivo proposto neste trabalho. Foi possível então apontar, como um dos principais resultados dessa análise, que o objeto que o sujeito busca no desejo, em suas mais variadas formas, nunca é aquilo que ele encontra. Essa falta é central na relação de objeto, do ponto de vista psicanalítico, uma vez que a frustração inerente a essa busca faz do dom algo mais importante do que a presença ou ausência do objeto em si, pois o que está realmente em questão é o amor daquele que pode fazer do objeto um dom. Dessa forma, existe algo para além da relação amorosa, que falta a ela e só pode ser oferecido enquanto falta. É só quando algo falta ao amor, tornando-o imperfeito e diferente de uma fusão, que ele pode acontecer entre dois sujeitos que nunca, já que são sujeitos, poderiam passar a ser um só ou a desejarem a mesma coisa. Conclui-se, portanto, que em uma sociedade capitalista que valoriza investimentos lucrativos e seguros, amar significa mergulhar em vulnerabilidade e encarar a falta constitutiva que esburaca qualquer tentativa de controle e escancara impossibilidades. Iluminar o caráter paradoxal do amor é uma alternativa para defendê-lo dos discursos securitários que acabam matando as chances que a experiência amorosa tem de trazer algum sentido à vida / There is no guarantee for the subject that loves; The relationship with the other is an attempt to seek happiness, but it is also in loving that the subject becomes more susceptible to suffering. Psychoanalysis points to this paradox since Freud and Lacan uses the paradox as a possible figure of speech to talk about love. The main Lacanian aphorism on the subject is \"to love is to give what you do not have,\" but to get to that point of his teaching, Lacan dwells on countless questions throughout his seminars. Thus, the purpose of this work was to investigate Jacques Lacan\'s use of the paradox to talk about love. The Pêcheutian Discourse Analysis (AD) contributed to elucidate the subject\'s interpellation into subject and the identification with dominant discursive formations on love, being this identification founder of an imaginary unit. Since some works of art were used to illustrate the relation between love and paradox, it was from AD that such works were analyzed and incorporated into the results. In addition, this indexing methodology helped to interpret Lacan\'s course, especially in Seminary VIII in which he uses Plato\'s text \"The Banquet\" to relate, for example, the concept of lack with the theme of love, An analysis whose understanding is fundamental for the accomplishment of the objective proposed in this work. It was then possible to point out, as one of the main results of this analysis, that the object that the subject seeks in desire, in its most varied forms, is never what he finds. This lack is central to the object relationship from the psychoanalytic point of view, since the frustration inherent in this search makes the gift something more important than the presence or absence of the object itself, because what is really in question is the love of one who can make the object a gift. In this way, there is something beyond the love relationship, which is lacking in it and can only be offered while lacking. It is only when something is lacking in love, making it imperfect and different from a fusion, that it can happen between two subjects who never, since they are subjects, could become one or desire the same thing. In conclusion, therefore, in a capitalist society that values lucrative and secure investments, to love means to plunge into vulnerability and to face the constitutive lack that bursts any attempt of control and opens impossibilities. To illuminate the paradoxical character of love is an alternative to defend it from security speeches that end up killing the chances that the love experience has to bring some meaning to life

A presente pesquisa propõe uma reflexão a respeito do estabelecimento do sentimento passional, a partir do qual ocasionará a constituição do casal, tendo-se como foco principal e específico as mulheres que escolhem para parceiro amoroso um homem na condição de presidiário. Um levantamento teórico é feito a partir da leitura de textos psicanalíticos, sobretudo de Freud, bem como de outros autores da Psicanálise e de áreas complementares, como a Sociologia. A escolha objetal, as idealizações projetivas e o narcisismo como base do intrapsíquico são conceituações pertinentes para se tratar alguns dos mecanismos envolvidos nesse tipo de relação. Serão analisadas cinco mulheres voluntárias, a partir de entrevistas semidirigidas, que se enquadram no propósito desta dissertação, pré-selecionadas em um estudo de sondagem realizado na fila de entrada para visita de três Centros de Detenção Provisória (CTP) da região da Grande São Paulo. A idealização é observada como prerrogativa para a escolha e manutenção do relacionamento amoroso em questão. Fatores como a condição de presidiário do companheiro, a visita íntima, os preparativos para o encontro, a ausência do parceiro no cotidiano, a personalidade cuidadora da mulher, o caráter transgressor do homem delineiam algumas das vicissitudes da dinâmica conjugal estabelecida, que expressam, assim, algumas nuances desse tipo de escolha amorosa tão específica / This research proposes a reflection on the establishment of passionate feeling, from which rise up to the couple, having as main and specific focus women who choose as lover a man in the condition of prisoner. A theoretical study is done through the reading of psychoanalytic texts, especially of Freud and other authors from Psychoanalysis and complementary areas such as Sociology. The choice of object, the projective idealization and narcissism as the basis of intrapsychic are relevant concepts for addressing some of the mechanisms involved in this kind of relationship. Five female volunteers will be analyzed (from semi-directed interviews) that fit the purpose of this study, pre-selected in a survey study conducted in the input queue to visit three Provisional Detention Centers (CDP) of the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo. The idealization is seen as the prerogative to choose and maintain the loving relationship in question. Factors such as the condition of fellow inmate, conjugal visits, preparations for the meeting, the absence of the partner in everyday life, women\'s caring personality, the character of the law-braker man delineate some of the vicissitudes of marital dynamics established, expressing thus, a peculiar context of the universe that involves a choice of love so specific

Esta dissertação procura analisar as configurações do humano e de seus limites no conto Rútilo nada, de Hilda Hilst. A questão das fronteiras do humano foi estudada a partir de uma análise da abordagem de Hilda Hilst aos temas da morte e do amor, bem como de uma interpretação das imagens de animalidade presentes no texto. / This work seeks to analyse human configurations and its limits in Hilda Hilsts short story Rútilo nada. The issue of human boundaries was studied within an analysis of the themes of death and love, as well as from an interpretation of the animal images present within the text. The bibliographical referential employed comprehends mainly philosophy, psychoanalysis, and anthropology texts.

O estudo enfoca o amor materno em mães presas da Penitenciária Feminina do Tatuapé - São Paulo, no período de 2001 a 2003. A partir dos relatos de 30 mães entrevistadas e com referência nas áreas de Psicologia, Direito, Sociologia, História e Filosofia, identificou-se que o discurso sobre o amor materno é uma construção social de gênero com matizes de inteligibilidade específicos. O amor materno descrito por essas mães evidencia, de um lado, valores de caráter mais arcaico e universal na cultura humana, os quais conferem à experiência amorosa qualidades sobre-humanas de onipotência, imortalidade e indivisibilidade. De outro lado, exprime valores tipicamente burgueses - o sonho da maternidade, o amor romântico, o ideal de família, filho como dom e a mãe modelar - presentes na cultura ocidental a partir dos séculos XVIII e XIX. A manifestação do amor dessas mães por seus filhos sofre a influência de suas experiências concretas enquanto filhas e da relação que puderam - ou não - construir com seus filhos antes do encarceramento. Mães presas que viveram pouco tempo com suas próprias mães ou com seus filhos tendem a manifestar um maior grau de idealização das qualidades amorosas da mãe e do amor materno. Mães que puderam experimentar o amor materno de forma consistente deixam evidente que ele é construído na relação presencial com o filho. As prisões não foram pensadas para abrigar mulheres e refletem, em suas práticas, valores androcêntricos. A forma atual como essa instituição media os contatos entre as mães presas e seus filhos indica a presença de estereótipos e preconceitos e pode ser considerada como um obstáculo à manutenção da relação amorosa. O estudo aponta que se faz necessário adotar medidas corretivas no sistema prisional, de modo a garantir o direito às mães de exercerem sua maternidade, e sugere alternativas para essa situação, tendo em vista, sobretudo, que a proximidade com os filhos é fator de saúde mental e estímulo no processo de reinserção social. / This study emphasizes the maternal love in women which are prisioned in a Feminine Jail in Tatuapé - São Paulo, in the period from 2001 to 2003. From 30 interviewed mothers\' tellings and with reference to the areas of Psychology, Laws, Sociology, History and Philosophy, it is identified that the speech about the maternal love is a social construction of genre with peculiarities of specific inteligibility. The maternal love which is described by these mothers evidences, by one side, values of archaic and universal character in the human culture, which confer to loving experience over human qualities of onipotency, immortality and indivisibility. By other side, it expresses values tipically belonged to middle-class - dream of the maternity, the romantic love, the ideal of the family, the son as a gift and the model mother - presented in the ocidental culture from the 18th century and the 19th centuries. The manifestation of these mothers\' love for their children suffers influence from their concrete experiences as daughters and the relationship which have lost - or not - with their sons before the prision. Jailed mothers who have lived little time with their own mothers or sons and have a tendency to show a greater grade of idealization of the tender qualities of the mother and the mother love. Mothers who can try the maternal love in a consistent way, they leave evident that this love is built in a presence relation with the child. The prisons aren\'t projected to sheld women and they reflect, in their practices, masculine values. The current way as this institution mediates the contacts between the prisioned mothers and their children indicates the presence of stereotypes and prejudices and this may be considered as an obstacle to the mantennance of the love relation. So, this research indicates that it is necessary to adopt corretive measures in the prision system, so as to garantee the rights to these mothers in order to exert their maternity , and it suggests alternatives to this situation emphasizing, overalls, that the proximity with the children is a factor of mental health and stimulation in the process of social reintegration.

O objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma leitura atenta de alguns dos mais emblemáticos sonetos de Vinicius de Moraes, que aparecem na chamada segunda fase de sua poesia, perseguindo assim o modo particular que o poeta tem de enxergar o sentimento amoroso. Propõe-se como hipótese interpretativa que Vinicius elabora, em sua lírica, uma visão singular do amor, capaz de congregar em si o instante e o infinito. Tal perspectiva consiste em dar forma aos anseios de totalidade, inquietação desde o começo presente em seus versos, graças à reunião das esferas do físico e do sublime. O primeiro capítulo desta dissertação traz um breve balanço de sua poesia inicial, rastreando os motivos e os ritmos centrais trabalhados em seus livros de juventude; o segundo capítulo apresenta as análises de alguns dos sonetos de amor escritos a partir de 1938, poemas nos quais o novo modo de compreender o sentimento amoroso surge com maior nitidez; e o capítulo final procura abordar o testemunho lírico do poeta, que se volta, em chave de síntese, para os problemas de seu ofício em \"Poética (I)\" e \"Poética (II)\". / The objective of this study is to present an attentive reading of the most emblematic of Vinicius de Moraes\'s sonnets, which appear in a so-called second phase of his poetry, following the particular way the poet has to regard love. The interpretative hypothesis is that Vinicius elaborates, in his poems, a singular view of love, capable of congregating both the instant and the infinite. Such perspective consists of giving shape to the will to totality, a concern present in his verse since the beginning, due to the union of the physical and sublime spheres. The first chapter of this dissertation brings a short presentation of his initial poetry, tracking the central motives and rhythms in his early books; the second chapter presents the analysis of some love sonnets written from 1938 on, poems in which the new way to understand love appears more distinctly; and the final chapter attempts to approach the poet\'s lyrical testimony, which concerns, synthetically, to the problems of his work in \"Poética (I)\" and \"Poética (II)\".

"Como o reflexo da não-integração dos espaços de vida, pública e privada, no seu sentimento de identidade enquanto parceira amorosa, atinge o relacionamento amoroso para a mulher" é a pergunta de partida que orienta a pesquisa sobre o tema do amor heterossexual, tendo por objeto de estudo a experiência de relacionamento amoroso não integrado à vida social como um todo, por algum tipo qualquer de constrangimento ou pressão. As histórias de vida amorosa de três mulheres paulistanas, coletadas em entrevistas, constituem o corpus da pesquisa. O trabalho segue uma abordagem qualitativa e enquadra-se no enfoque compreensivo. Estudos de caso "entrelaçados" são o modo de investigação que serve de base para a abordagem efetuada. Sob a lente fenomenológica de apreensão dos significados e da relevância que os fenômenos têm para as entrevistadas, as suas experiências concretas, as vivências em suas formas únicas de expressão são interpretadas e explicadas, tendo como conclusão principal que a revelação da existência do relacionamento amoroso - a sua publicização - angaria ganhos psicológicos para a parceira amorosa que vão além dos efeitos de liberação da tensão do ocultamento; seus resultados são parte integrante do seu processo de amadurecimento pessoal e, por isso, há um refluxo sobre o próprio relacionamento amoroso. Além disso, pode-se assimilar que: a) O que é mais significativamente apreendido como Amor agrega, fundamentalmente, Eros e Philia; b) Amor é comunicação; sentir-se verdadeira no relacionamento amoroso é estar em comunicação intermediária e pessoal e silenciosa no sentido winnicottiano; c) O humor e a brincadeira são essenciais no relacionamento amoroso significativo e isto requer uma atuação segundo o verdadeiro-self. / "How does the reflection of non-integration between private and public life affect a woman’s love and sexual relationship considering her identity as a lover" is the starting point, which guides the present research on heterosexual love. The object of study is the experience of loving and sexual relationships not integrated to the social life as a whole, as a result of some kind of embarrassment or pressure. Data on stories of the love life of three women from the city of São Paulo, Brazil, were collected during the interviews carried out and used as the corpus of this research work, which is based on the qualitative approach and fits into the comprehensive focus. Mixed case studies were used as the mode of investigation, which represents the basis for the developed approach. Under the phenomenological point of view of understanding the meaning of the interviews and the relevance of the phenomena for the women interviewed, their life experiences in their unique form of expression are interpreted and explained. It was concluded that the revelation of the loving relationship - when it is made public - produces psychological benefits for the women, which go beyond the effects of releasing the tension of a secret relationship. The results obtained from this revelation became part of the process involved in attaining emotional and personal maturity, thus reflecting in the loving relationship. Besides, it could be said that: (a) what is more significantly understood as love involves, fundamentally Eros and Philia; (b) love is communication; to feel integrated in a loving relationship is to be in an intermediate, personal and silent communication in the winnicotian sense; (c) the sense of humor and play are essential to a significant loving relationship and this requires to live according to the true self.