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At first glance, the very idea of analysing the freedom of the media and of researching censorship in Switzerland seems absurd. After all, the Federal Constitution explicitly guarantees freedom of the media, and censorship is forbidden. Furthermore, this small, federal, multilingual and multicultural landlocked country in the middle of Europe is universally praised as a model of democracy. Indeed, in a country whose people have a far greater say in government than anywhere else, one could easily assume that the freedom of the media is a foregone conclusion. Yet, in reality, this shining image is more than a little tarnished. The "Prototype for Europe" – as the former Federal President of Germany Richard von Weizsäcker once described Switzerland – experiences the same forms and mechanisms of censorship as any other democratic country. Of course, in Switzerland "undesirable" journalists are not threatened with murder, but critically discerning authors do risk becoming social outcasts. Switzerland prohibits governmental pre-censorship, but the advertising industry has on occasion attempted to shape the content of the media by means of post-publication censorship in the form of boycotts. Switzerland is a constitutional state, yet the paragraphs of its penal and civil codes hang over media workers like the sword of Damocles. Then there are structural problems such as the lack of proper journalistic education. However one looks at it, the freedom of the media in Switzerland is officially, materially and structurally restricted. However, most people remain unconcerned by and indeed unaware of this state of affairs. Thomas Jefferson's reminder that, "to preserve the freedom of the human mind then and freedom of the press, every spirit should be ready to devote itself to martyrdom; for as long as we may think as we will, and speak as we think, the condition of man will proceed in improvement”*, has long been forgotten in Switzerland. The Swiss appear to be basking in their country’s reputation as a place without media problems. It therefore came as no surprise to us when, both in our quantitative and qualitative research, many of those interviewed were surprised and even irritated at our 2 questions about possible threats to freedom of the media in Switzerland. Some people even felt that they were being personally attacked and responded along the lines that "Instead of fouling our own nest we ought to describe the advantages of our country and our democratic system". Or: "In comparison with Russia or China we are living in a paradise": It seems that only the most critical among the media personnel, media experts and media scientists are willing to pinpoint the problems faced by the contemporary Swiss media. All the others are convinced that we have the best media on earth. This attitude of part indifference, part ignorance and part wishful thinking, was the catalyst for our research on the freedom of the Swiss media and the potential dangers and mechanisms which threaten it. Our findings reveal that all that glitters is not gold and that the Swiss media scene is, in some ways, reminiscent of a Potemkin village. *Jefferson, Thomas, Letter to William Green Mumford, 18 June 1799 (http://www.positiveatheism.org/hist/quotes/jefferson.htm, consulted 15 June 2006)

The essay is an effort to examine and define three examples of liminal dance performances through an aesthetic, hermeneutic and semiotic analysis. The examples are three dance or liminal performances, made by three different choreographers and performed at “Moderna Dansteatern” and “Dansens Hus” in Stockholm during September and October 2005. In the effort to determine the liminal and cross-over in the performances, the analysis focus on aspects such as: the character of the work, choreography, the use of scenery, stage light, requisites, conception of place and interior room, the use of costume and mask, the use of different media as text, pictures, film, and music or not using any these, and the interaction with the audience. The analysis depends on a historical background and the use of literature in the subject. The result of the analysis is that these cross-over performances are very different in character of these aspects and aesthetic form. The definition of dance and performance is, in itself, liminal and difficult to determine.

Summary Inhabitants involvement in local government institutes solving social problems and taking decisions helps local authority to improve their solutions and give information to take the rational decisions. There is the sympathetic environment for people presence in Alytus district. Informing citizenry about decisions of social problems and giving possibilities (to take part in questionings, in council – boards, in public meetings, they have a possibility to write petitions, etc.) to take part in taking social decisions. Inhabitants which are concerned with local government institutes very often act as individual persons or like a part of civil community or associations, therefore efficiency of social decisions depend on people. Local people working hand in glove are able to do bigger influence on government and on its decisions.

The aim of the study- to examine the children who have hyperactive symptoms, their emotional and behavioral problems. Children of Baisogala secondary school primary forms and Baisogala kindergarten- primary school (N= 115), their teachers and parents were asked to fill the questionnaire. Disturbance of attention- deficit/ hyperactivity disorder ADHD was stated by Conners (1997) CADC the evaluations received in teachers’ questionnaire. If the participants who received the evaluation T ≥ 50 were determined as having hyperactive symptoms. The level of emotional and behavioral problems was determinated according Achenbach’s (1991) Child Behavior Checklist. The level of emotional problems was stated according Naglier (1988) the Drawing of a Human: The Procedure of Selection of Emotional Problems. ADHD was determined for 42,6% of examined children in primary classes. The difference among boys was 10,2 % higher than among girls. The most characteristic internal scale problems among hyperactive children were withdrawal (p=0,008), social problems (p= 0,000), intellection (p= 0,036), attention (p= 0.000). External scale problems were: delinquent behavior (p= 0,000) and aggressive behavior (p= 0,000). It was determined that somatic complaints (p= 0,753) and worry/ depression (p= 0,902) are typical for hyperactive children and for these who have symptoms of hyperactivity. The level of emotional problems of hyperactive children is not higher in comparison to... [to full text]

Šis darbas skirtas didžiausių Lietuvos dienraščių – „Lietuvos ryto“ ir „Respublikos“ – dalyvių, pusdalyvių ir padalyvių vartojimo analizei. Norėta išsiaiškinti, ar dalyviai iki šiol yra dažnai tebevartojami, koks jų santykis minėtuose dienraščiuose. Dalyvių vartojimo polinkiai publicistikoje anksčiau beveik nebuvo tirti, tad darbas galėtų būti tolimesnių bei išsamesnių tyrimų pradžia. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas buvo nustatyti visų minėtų dalyvinių formų dažnumą, aptarti rašytinės kalbos dalyvinių konstrukcijų vartojimo ypatumus minėtuose dienraščiuose ir palyginti abiejų laikraščių kalbą. Analizuojant tiriamąją medžiagą buvo keliami šie uždaviniai: 1) apžvelgti lingvistinę literatūrą, susijusią su nagrinėjimo objektu; 2) išrinkti iš minėtų dienraščių analizuojamųjų straipsnių dalyvius, pusdalyvius ir padalyvius, sugrupuoti juos; 3) nustatyti ir aptarti dalyvių vartojimo dėsningumus (ypatumus); 4) palyginti dalyvių, pusdalyvių ir padalyvių vartojimą, t. y. nustatyti jų vartojimo santykį dviejuose populiariausiuose Lietuvos dienraščiuose; 5) statistiškai pateikti gautus rezultatus, analizuoti, apibendrinti. Išanalizavus didžiausių Lietuvos dienraščių „Respublika“ ir „Lietuvos rytas“ 50 straipsnių ir ištyrus juose rastus dalyvius, pusdalyvius bei padalyvius, buvo prieita tam tikrų išvadų. Tyrimas parodė, kad dažniausiai „Respublikos“ ir „Lietuvos ryto“ dienraščiuose vartojami būtojo kartinio laiko veikiamieji ir neveikiamieji dalyviai. Būtojo kartinio laiko neveikiamasis dalyvis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This work is aimed at the analysis of usage of participles, half-participles, verbal adverbs in “Lietuvos rytas“ and “Respublika“ newspapers. The purpose was to find out if participles are still often used and what is the frequency of this usage in the magazines. The usage of participles has not been examined yet that is why this work could be the beginning of the further examinations. The main purpose of the work was to assume the frequency of the participles and their forms, discuss the peculiarities of their spelling in the above-mentioned magazines and compare their language. While analyzing the newspapers I set the main goals: 1) examine linguistic literature related to the object of analysis; 2) choose the participles, half-participles and verbal adverbs from the above mentioned newspapers and group them; 3) ascertain and discuss the rules (peculiarities) of the usage of participles; 4) compare the usage of participles, half-participles and verbal adverbs and ascertain the frequency of their usage in the above mentioned magazines; 5) establish the statistics of the results, discuss them and sum up. The results have been made after the analysis and examination of participles, half-participles and verbal adverbs found in 50 articles in the daily newspapers “Respublika“ ir “Lietuvos rytas“. The examination showed that the most frequently used participles are past participles and passive participles. Past passive participles are a little more frequently used in... [to full text]

Abbrevations t – fluorescence lifetime j – rotational correlational time ([Ru(bpy)2(phen-ITC)]2+) – Bis-(bipyridine)-5-(isotiocyanatophenantrolin)-Ru(PF6-)2 Ab – antibody AF – Alexa Fluor 660 AF-hGH – with Alexa Fluor 660 labelled human growth hormone FITC – fluorescein isothiocyanate FITC-Ab – FITC labelled antibody FP – fluorescence polarization FRET – fluorescence resonance energy transfer hGH – human growth hormone PMI – N-(3-pyrene)maleimide PMI-hGH – human growth hormone labelled N-(3-pyrene)maleimide PVPPB – poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrolidone) with phenylboronic acid copolymer r – anisotropy RITC – rodamine B isothiocyanate RITC-hGH – with RITC labeled human growth hormone SDS-PAGE – sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis INTRODUCTION Relevance of the study. Human growth hormone (hGH) is a heterogeneous protein with several molecular forms (isoforms). Human growth hormone measurements are complicated because of the heterogeneous nature of hGH. Specific assays for each isoform are currently unavailable. Because the different antibodies used in immunoassays bind to a different spectrum of hGH isoforms, hGH concentrations measured by immunoassay are likely to depend on the particular antibody used. Moreover, because the distribution of the different hGH isoforms varies among individuals, the results from different immunoassays cannot be interrelated easily by using a single conversion factor. Fluorescence is by far the most important optical... [to full text]

The objective of the study is to investigate the total antioxidative capacity of plasma and the level of survival of non-activated neutrophilic leucocytes in peripheral venous blood, their oxidative function and its changes when activated by non-opsonised E.coli and S.aureus, exposed to glucose and investigate the effect of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c%) of different concentrations, using the methods of luminol- and liucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence, with respect to the patients suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and a severe form of periodontitis, as well as those who suffer from type 1 diabetes mellitus, but have healthy periodontal tissues, and also persons without systemic diseases and inflammatory periodontal diseases. An integrated investigation of the level of oxidative capacity of neutrophilic leucocytes in peripheral venous blood, using the methods of luminol- and liucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence, of the patients who suffer from type 1 diabetes mellitus and a severe form of periodontitis as well as persons suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus, but with no inflammatory periodontal disease, and also healthy persons, has been performed for the first time. A new presumption has been presented on the basis of the collected material, which states that the development of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues is determined by the decreased level of survival of bactericidal myeloperoxidase system of neutrophilic leucocytes.

Aktualumas. Susidomėjimą agresijos tyrimais galima paaiškinti kaip reakciją į agresijos, smurto ir prievartos didėjimą šiuolaikiniame, civilizuotame pasaulyje. Nors agresijos rūšys, įvairios agresyvumo apraiškos gana plačiai aprašomos literatūroje, tačiau duomenų apie paauglių – studentų agresyvumą dar stokojama. Hipotezė: sportuojančių studentų požiūris į agresiją yra palankesnis nei nesportuojančių studentų. Tyrimo objektas – sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių studentų požiūris į agresiją ir raiškos formos. Tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių studentų požiūrį į agresiją ir agresijos raiškos formas. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Atskleisti sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių studentų požiūrį į agresiją. 2. Ištirti sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių studentų agresijos raiškos formas: fizinę, netiesioginę ir verbalinę. Ištyrus sportuojančius ir nesportuojančius studentus A. Asingerio metodika, matome, kad 82 procentų sportuojančių ir 72 procentų nesportuojančių studentų požiūris į agresiją yra neutralus (p>0,05). Ištyrus sportuojančius ir nesportuojančius studentus A. Basso ir A. Darki metodika paaiškėjo, kad sportuojančių studentų agresyvumas yra vidutinis, o nesportuojančių studentų agresyvumas yra žemas (p<0,05). Sportuojančių studentų didesnė yra fizinė, netiesioginė ir verbalinė agresijos, susierzinimas ir kaltės jausmas. Skirtumas tarp sportuojančių ir nesportuojančių studentų, pagal fizinę ir verbalinę agresijas, susierzinimą yra patikimas (p<0,05)... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Topicality. The interest in the research of aggression may be explained as a reaction to the increment of aggression, violence, and compulsion in a contemporary civilized world. Types of aggression and various manifestations of aggressiveness are widely portrayed in literature, however, the data on the adolescents - students’ aggressiveness is still insufficient. Hypothesis: the attitude towards the aggression is more favorable among the students who are going in for sports, than of those who are not. Object of research: students’ going in for sports and not going in for sports attitude towards aggression and forms of its expression. Aim of research: to reveal students’ going in for sports and not going in for sports attitude towards aggression and forms of its expression. Goals of research: 1. to reveal students’ going in for sports and not going in for sports attitude towards aggression. 2. To examine how students going in for sports and not going in for sports express aggressiveness. After examining the students going in for sports and not going in for sports according to A. Asinger methodology we can see that the majority of students from both groups have a neutral attitude towards the aggression (p> 0.05). After examining the students who go in for sports and do not go in for sports according to A. Basso and A. Darki methodology it turned out that the aggressiveness of going in for sports students is medium, and of those not going in for sports the aggressiveness is... [to full text]

Intensyviai plėtojantis socialinio darbo specialybei, sparčiai kintančioje Lietuvos visuomenėje, neįgaliųjų socialinis dalyvavimas tampa vienu įdomesniu socialinio darbo tyrinėjimo klausimu, nes paliečia kertinius šios profesinės veiklos principus. Darbe yra aptariama konkreti socialinė problema, būtent potencialiai socialiai atskirtų sutrikusio intelekto asmenų socialinis dalyvavimas. Darbo tikslas – atskleisti sutrikusio intelekto asmenų socialinio dalyvavimo raišką ir plėtotės galimybes. / Under conditions of intensive development of the social work speciality and in the rapidly changing Lithuanian society, social involvement of the disabled is becoming an interesting problem of research into social work since it refers to the key principles of this activity. The thesis analyses a specific social problem: social involvement of potentially socially excluded mentally disabled people. The aim of the study is to reveal the forms and development possibilities for social involvement of mentally retarded people.