The aim of this study is to analyse the variation between infinitive and finite verb adverbial clauses in European Portuguese. In order to understand this variation, three central questions are raised: (1) What determines the use of the uninflected vs. the inflected infinitive in same-subject adverbial clauses? (2) What does the pronoun SE signal in these adverbial clauses? (3) What difference is there between the use of the inflected infinitives vs. finite verbs in different subject adverbial clauses? Earlier investigations about these three questions are discussed. One conclusion of this review is that former research almost exclusively has been conducted from a traditional or formalistic point of view that has given priority to structural descriptions instead of semantic or conceptual explanations. In contrast to this, the present study endeavours to examine these issues from a cognitive linguistic perspective. It is claimed that the use of the inflected infinitive in adverbial same-subject clauses may be explained by contextual factors which create a cognitive need to highlight the subject of the adverbial clause. Further, an analysis about how the grammatical micro-context can determine the interpretation of the clitic pronoun SE as a marker for a generic trajector is conducted. It is also argued that the difference between infinitive and finite adverbial clauses can bee explained by means of theories of subjectification and mental spaces. The conclusion is drawn that a cognitive approach to grammar can, indeed, shed light on the issues considered. In particular, it is shown that different adverbial constructions can express different conceptual meaning. In the light of this fact, other issues concerned with finite and infinite verb forms are raised.

Between 1969 and 1980 Edvard Radzinskii wrote three ‘historico-political’ plays which were later published as a trilogy entitled ‘Theatre of the Times …’. This thesis attempts to unravel the nature of time in the trilogy and invokes Mikhail Bakhtin’s notion about the forms of time and the chronotope in literary narratives to do that. Bakhtinian concept of the chronotope provides a suitable strategy for reading a trilogy that aims to re-present ‘real’ time, place and human beings. The concept also provides a vantage point from where the trilogy can be read both from within the time-space of its main protagonists and from that of its author, readers, performers and spectators. ¶ Both ‘Dialogues with Socrates' and 'Lunin …’ are structured around the chronotope of the prison which is associated with the chronotope of the acropolis in ‘Dialogues with Socrates’ and with the chronotope of the masked-ball in ‘Lunin …’. In ‘Theatre of the Times of Nero and Seneca’ the circus-theatre functions as the main chronotope. All these chronotopes serve as plot-constitutive devices and provide appropriate space in which the lives and times of the main protagonists can be adequately re-presented. However, the use of the concept of the chronotope in reading the trilogy does not imply that it can be read meaningfully only from within the time-space of its protagonists. The trilogy reconstructs the historical time-space but also engages in a substantial way with contemporary Soviet reality. This is achieved through an interaction between literary and real chronotopes. There is little doubt that most Soviet readers, performers and spectators negotiatied the chronotopes of the prison and the circus-theatre and the motifs of show-trial and execution from within their own time-space, their own historical experience. The thesis discusses a large number of reviews published in Soviet media to show that most critics read the trilogy from within the discourses about positive hero and socialist realism, because of which Socrates and Lunin were also turned into positive heroes. ¶ One of the most intriguing aspect of the three plays is the ‘play within a play’ structure which achieves its maximum potential in the final play of the trilogy where it is combined with the theme of metamorphoses and multiple role playing. The trilogy, like Pirandello’s trilogy about theatre, is able to foreground its own theatricality and explore the role of theatricality and role playing in and outside theatre. In ‘Theatre of the Times of Nero and Seneca’ the boundary between role playing in life and in theatre becomes so blurred that history begins to resemble the writing and staging of a play. ¶ Apart from exploring the nature of theatricality, the trilogy also questions the conventions of its genre. The three plays do not follow the conventional framing devices employed by dramatic texts and foreground the presence of a mediating narrator. This ‘novelisation’, is more evident in ‘Lunin …’ in which the frequent use of verbs in the past tense in the extra-dialogic text can be linked to the presence of a mediating narrator.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Considering the problem of the depletion of nonrenewable resources and today s environmental impacts, especially the reduction of biodiversity, the debates about the need for environmental sustainability have increased, making it essential to consider all areas, promoting dialogue and alternatives to traditional models of production. In this context, understanding the knowledge of farmers on ways to take advantage of native fruits presents itself as a viable alternative and raises the analysis of various uses of the Pindo Palm in order to verify how they can influence in the continuation of this native tree of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective of this research was to understand how the different uses of the Pindo Palm (Butia odorata), in the social context of production units of Santa Vitória do Palmar (RS), can influence its management and preservation of this species, as well as to assist in the sustainability of palms ecosystem. For this study, it was chosen as method of approach the literature review on the topic, the collection of local data with questionnaires and semi-structures interviews with farmers, technicians and craftsmen, as well as photographic records relating forms of conservation and use of the Pindo Palm. Based on the analysis of the reports of farmers from Santa Vitória do Palmar it is possible to state that the ways of using the Pindo Palm have influence on its preservation, as farm families are aware of their importance, be it for their own food or for the conservation of the plant itself. In addition, the different uses of the Pindo Palm are linked to economic, socio-cultural and ecological dimensions, with a strong emphasis on the socio-cultural one. And finally, what is most important in the speeches of farmers is the affective bond between people and the Pindo Palm, showing a strong relationship of belonging and protection of this native species. / Diante da problemática do esgotamento dos recursos naturais não renováveis e dos impactos ambientais da atualidade, especialmente a redução da biodiversidade, têm aumentado os debates sobre a necessidade da sustentabilidade ambiental, tornando-se imprescindível que se trabalhe em todas as esferas, promovendo o diálogo e alternativas aos modelos tradicionais de produção. Neste contexto, a compreensão do conhecimento dos agricultores sobre as formas de aproveitamento das frutíferas nativas apresenta-se como uma alternativa viável e suscita a análise dos diversos usos do butiazeiro, a fim de constatar como estes podem influenciar na conservação dessa árvore nativa do Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender como as formas de uso do butiazeiro (Butia odorata), no contexto social das unidades de produção de Santa Vitória do Palmar (RS), podem influenciar o seu manejo e conservação desta espécie, bem como auxiliar na sustentabilidade do ecossistema dos palmares. Para a realização deste estudo, optou-se por utilizar, como método de abordagem, a revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, a coleta de dados locais com aplicação de questionários e a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com agricultores, técnicos e artesãos, bem como registros fotográficos referentes às formas de uso e conservação do butiazeiro. Com base na análise dos relatos dos agricultores de Santa Vitória do Palmar é possível afirmar que as formas de uso do butiazeiro influenciam na conservação do butiazeiro, pois as famílias de agricultores estão conscientes de sua importância, seja ela para sua própria alimentação, para a conservação da própria planta. Além disso, as formas de uso da planta do butiazeiro estão ligadas às dimensões econômica, sociocultural e ecológica, com forte destaque para a dimensão sociocultural. E por fim, o que mais marca nas falas dos agricultores é o vinculo afetivo das pessoas com o butiazeiro, mostrando um forte vínculo de pertencimento e de proteção desta espécie nativa.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:39:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3350.pdf: 5598638 bytes, checksum: 733fb0711f5000c8377ac7a95ba8862d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-13 / The aim of this study was to analyze the impacts of migration and wage, driven by the expansion of the sugarcane sector in the Northwest Paulista, about ways to reorganize the nuclear families of migrant workers. We analyzed rearrange themselves as the gender roles played by members family before the new configuration of spaces of destination (Novo Horizonte e Mendonça/São Paulo). The investigation corresponded to the production of field data and theoretical modeldriven analytical forms of everyday resistance (Scott, 1990), taking into account the intersection between the scanning / patriarchal domination of women's work and domestic exploitation / domination of the male labor cutting cane. The methodology was oral history (tales, life histories, trajectories), and the production of a body of imagery. The data showed some changes of the patriarchal order of relations between genders, mainly on account of remuneration for work of women included in household chores in the homes of workers cut cane and other activities. We have identified opportunities to duties microrresistência female domestic tasks, namely: 1) face of male domination through the paid work outside the home, 2) speech and gestures that pointed to the renegotiation of housework. Although the patriarchal patterns prevail, they note, however, many cracks in its foundations. They noted also forms of resistance against discrimination to attribute belonging geographically to the struggle for recognition of the identity of the migrant. And practice of resistance to change work tools, in order to reduce the physical wear. / O objetivo do presente trabalho foi análise dos impactos do processo migratório e assalariamento, impulsionados pela expansão do setor sucroalcooleiro, no Noroeste Paulista, sobre formas de reorganização de núcleos familiares de trabalhadores migrantes. Analisou-se como se rearranjam os papéis de gênero desempenhados pelos membros familiares diante da nova configuração dos espaços de destino (Novo Horizonte e Mendonça/SP). A investigação correspondeu à produção dos dados de campo orientados pelo modelo teórico analítico das formas de resistência cotidianas (SCOTT, 1990), levando-se em conta a intersecção entre a exploração/dominação patriarcal do trabalho feminino doméstico e a exploração/dominação do trabalho masculino no corte de cana. A metodologia utilizada foi a história oral (relatos, histórias de vida, trajetórias), além da produção de um acervo imagético. Os dados apontaram para algumas mudanças das relações da ordem patriarcal entre os gêneros, sobretudo, em razão da remuneração do trabalho das mulheres inseridas em atividades domésticas nas casas de trabalhadores do corte de cana e em outras atividades. Identificaram-se possibilidades de microrresistência aos deveres femininos nas tarefas domésticas, a saber:1) enfrentamento da dominação masculina, por meio do trabalho remunerado fora de casa; 2) falas e gestos que apontaram para a renegociação das atividades domésticas. Ainda que os padrões patriarcais prevaleçam, notam-se, contudo, muitas fissuras em suas bases. Notaram-se também formas de resistência frente a discriminação aos atributo do pertencimento geográfico, com a luta pelo reconhecimento da identidade do migrante. E práticas de resistência ao se alterar os instrumentos de trabalho, com vistas a minorar os desgaste físicos.

Spegling, härbärgering och grundning - En studie av tre begrepp i det terapeutiska rummet, av Elin Nygren, är en uppsats inom ramen för Magisterprogrammet i musikpedagogik med inriktning musikterapi vid Kungl. Musikhögskolan i Stockholm. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att i litteraturstudier samt i intervjuer undersöka begreppen spegling, härbärgering och grundning. Intervjuerna har haft i fokus att utforska hur fyra terapeuter kliniskt använder begreppen och hur musik kan utveckla dessa. Uppsatsen grundar sig i de utvecklingspsykologiska teorierna och i Wigrams teorier om musikterapeutiska improvisationstekniker. Resultatdelen i uppsatsen är en sammanställning av intervjuerna efter att de bearbetats enligt modellen Tematisk analys. I denna del redovisas hur terapeuterna beskriver det metodiska användandet av begreppen anpassat efter de olika målgrupper som de arbetar med. Vid sammanställning av intervjuerna blev det tydligt att de fyra terapeuterna har en överensstämmande syn kring de tre begreppens funktion för terapeuten och en överensstämmelse i sina definitioner av dem. Det framkom också att musik i många delar är analogt med Sterns vitalitetsaffekter och kompatibelt med hur vi människor kommunicerar. / Reflecting, containing and grounding – A study of three concepts used in therapy, by Elin Nygren is a study carried out within the context of Master Program in Music Education, with orientation Music Therapy at The Royal College of Music in Stockholm. The purpose with this paper has been to look into the concepts reflecting, containing and grounding in literature and in interviews. The main focus of these interviews has been to explore how four therapists in therapy uses the concepts and how music can develop these. The paper is based on the developmental psychology theories and Wigram’s theories of improvisation techniques in music therapy. The result of this paper is a compilation of the interviews, after being processed according to the model of Thematic Analysis. In the result it is reported how the therapists describes the methodological use of the concepts adapted to the different audiences they work with. In the compilation it was clear that the four therapists have equivalent perspectives about the three concepts function for the therapist and an equivalent definition of them. It also appeared that music is analogue to Sterns dynamic forms of vitality and compatible with how humans communicate.

The diploma thesis is focused on eco-friendly forms of tourism in the microregion Vltavotýnsko. The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse the possibilities of financial support of eco-friendly forms of tourism, its gaining and the impact on the development of the microregion. On the basis of identified information, the synthesis and the effectiveness of drawing subsidy titles is done. Then the evaluation of the provided services in the microregion is done.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar as especificidades da economia paraguaia no contexto latino-americano, explorando sua complexidade socioeconômica. A relevância do tema deve-se à ausência de estudos rigorosos sobre a economia paraguaia, e à proximidade física entre Brasil e Paraguai que resulta em pontos de interseção histórica e econômica entre esses dois países. Portanto, a proposta é estudar o desenvolvimento socioeconômico do Paraguai a partir de suas estruturas econômicas e sociais. A hipótese é de que a evolução do ambiente institucional do Paraguai é responsável por seu atraso econômico e a passagem para o regime democrático não significou mudanças qualitativas. A escola regulacionista e institucionalista, a teoria do subdesenvolvimento e da dependência são os arcabouços teóricos que orientam a análise proposta, a qual foi realizada a partir de estudos bibliográficos e de levantamento de dados secundários. A histórica instabilidade política, o autoritarismo, os conflitos bélicos, a paralisia social e as limitadas alternativas de crescimento econômico materializaram-se na Estrutura Social Autoritária de Acumulação. Essa lógica capitalista em território paraguaio esteve conformada por um Estado oligárquico e autoritário, grupos econômicos privilegiados, crescente precarização das relações trabalhistas, certa estabilidade monetária e no contexto do comércio internacional, acirra-se a especialização no setor agroindustrial e no comércio de reexportação. As décadas finais do século XX indicam não apenas uma profunda crise socioeconômica, mas também a necessidade e emergência de mudanças estruturais haja vista a imposição democrática em curso. Como resultado, o estudo aponta que o Paraguai apresenta diferenças importantes nos aspectos socioeconômicos em relação aos países vizinhos, e por isso, sua trajetória de desenvolvimento correspondeu a resultados distintos de modo que não é possível incluir o Paraguai em análises gerais sobre a América Latina. / This work aims to analyze the specificities of the Paraguayan economy in the Latin American context, exploring its socio-economic complexity. The relevance of the theme is due to the absence of rigorous studies on the Paraguayan economy and, to the physical proximity between Brazil and Paraguay, which results in economical and historical points of intersection between these two countries. Therefore, the proposal is to study the socioeconomic development of Paraguay from its social and economic structures. The hypothesis is that the evolution of the institutional environment of Paraguay is responsible for its economic delay and for the transition to democratic regime, which did not result in qualitative changes. The regulationist and institutionalist schools, the theory of underdevelopment and the theory of dependence are the theoretical frameworks that guide the proposed analysis, which was held based on bibliographic studies and on secondary data collection. The historic political instability, the authoritarianism, the military conflicts, the social paralysis and the limited alternatives for economic growth have been materialized in the Authoritative Social Structure of Accumulation. This capitalist logic in the Paraguayan territory was made by an authoritarian and oligarchic State, by privileged economic groups, by growing precariousness of labor relations, by some monetary stability and in the context of international trade, all these aspects have made it extremely necessary to specialize the agro-industrial sector and the re-export trade. The final decades of the 20th century indicate not only a deep socio-economic crisis, but also the need for the emergency of structural changes owing to the ongoing democratic imposition. As a result, the study points out that Paraguay presents important differences in socioeconomic aspects in relation to its neighboring countries. Hence, its trajectory of development corresponded to distinct results so it is not possible to include Paraguay in the general analysis about Latin America.

O presente estudo aborda as modificações corporais como tatuagem, piercing, escarificação, semelhança animal, no contexto social e particular contemporâneo à luz de olhares da Sociologia, da Filosofia e principalmente da Psicanálise. Apesar de sua antiguidade, de estarem associadas a rituais de passagem e de terem pertencido, algumas delas, a determinados grupos ao longo da história, pensa-se que atualmente tais práticas encontram-se disseminadas por todos os grupos sociais, tendo perdido, em parte, seu caráter ritual. Elas indicam um desejo de eterno retorno mítico à natureza perdida em função da inscrição da linguagem no corpo e se colocam como esboço de um corpo em contínuo ajuste de sua imagem, sobretudo quando falta palavra (no seu sentido significante) que defenda contra uma intensa demanda do Outro. As marcas que visam uma semelhança animal trazem à tona estes seres como interrogantes de nosso parentesco, mas fundamentalmente elas evidenciam nosso corpo próprio naquilo que sempre resta de um Real a nos indagar como enigma, além de apontar novas formas de subjetivação na atualidade. / The present study investigates body modifications, such as tattooing, piercing, scarification, and animal resemblance, in the social and particular contemporaneous context from a sociological, philosophical, and mainly psychoanalytic standpoint. Despite the fact that body modifications are ageold and long-standing practices, historically associated with rites of passage, and that some of them have been adopted by certain groups throughout history, they are currently widespread across all social groups, but they have partially lost their ritualistic nature. These practices indicate the body modifiers’ relentless quest for the mythical reappropriation of their lost nature through body inscription, and can be regarded as the depiction of a body whose image has been under constant adjustment, especially in the absence of words (in the sense of the signifier) that shield usfrom the vigorous pursuit of the Other. Body modifications that seek to imitate animals make us wonder about our similarity to these beings, but they basically reflect our own body in what is always left of the real, challenging us like a puzzle, and show us the new forms of subjectivation available today.

O uso de substâncias químicas tem sido relatado em diferentes culturas e períodos históricos; entretanto os tipos de substâncias utilizadas, o contexto social, as práticas de consumo e o que é considerado excesso, bem como as práticas de seu controle e os modos de intervenção, apresentam especificidades. Deparamo-nos hoje com o fato de que o uso considerado abusivo pode ser caracterizado como doença (dependência). Para os sujeitos nessa condição de existência, existe toda uma estrutura de poderes (Ministério da Saúde e Ministério Público) e saberes (médico, jurídico, psicológico, religioso, etc.) propondo instituições e modelos de tratamento. Através da inserção em uma dessas instituições de tratamento para dependentes químicos e da análise dos modos de subjetivação e das políticas cognitivas, propomos uma pesquisa-intervenção, com a finalidade de possibilitar o exercício da cognição enativa/inventiva. Adotar como perspectiva a cognição enativa/inventiva implica estabelecer outra relação de conhecimento, baseada na produção de si próprio (autopoiese) e daquilo que tomamos por realidade em distintas redes de conversação. Dessa forma, as oficinas de máscaras surgem como uma proposta de pesquisa-intervenção que tem como objetivo mapear e acompanhar os movimentos cognitivos emergentes nas mesmas, inseridas no marco institucional de um serviço para dependentes de substâncias químicas. Tomamos como foco de estudo os modos pelos quais os usuários desse serviço de saúde que participam da oficina (intervenção) de produção de máscaras colocam questões e compartilham emoções - por eles consideradas pertinentes - em relação às experiências pessoal, institucional e com as tecnologias. Buscamos ainda, avaliar os efeitos da emergência de uma política de cognição enativa em um contexto terapêutico predominantemente recognitivo. Para a análise das oficinas, tomamos o conceito de cognição enativa como uma ferramenta metodológica que nos potencialize distinguir momentos em uma rede de produção-conversação nos quais exista um linguajar que vitalize coordenações de ações até então inusitadas na história desse coletivo e um emocionar no qual a experiência do outro possa ser aceita como legítima. / The use of chemical substances has been reported in different cultures and historical periods. However, the types of substances used, the social context, the consumption practices and what is considered excessive, as well as control practices and means of intervention present specificities. Nowadays, we face the fact that the use considered abusive may be characterized as a disease (dependence). There is a structure of powers (Health Ministry and Public Ministry) and knowledge (medical, legal, psychological, religious, etc.) proposing institutions and treatment models concerning subjects who live under such conditions. Through the insertion in one of such treatment institutions for chemical dependents and through the analysis of the subjectivation forms and of the cognitive policies, we propose an interventionresearch, aiming to enable the assignment of the inventive/enactive cognition. Adopting the inventive/enactive cognition as a perspective implies to establish another knowledge relation based on the production of oneself (autopoiesis) and on what we take as reality in distinct conversation networks. Thus, the mask workshops rise as a proposal of intervention-research that have as their aim to map and follow the cognitive movements emerging from them, inserted on the institutional placement of a service for chemical substance dependents. Our study focuses on the means by which the users of this health service that take part on the mask production workshop (intervention) lay questions and share emotions - considered relevant by them - concerning personal and institutional experiences, as well as the experiences regarding technologies. Yet, we pursue to evaluate the effects of the emergency of enactive cognition policies in a predominantly recognitive therapeutic context. Regarding the analysis of the workshops, we take the concept of enactive cognition as a methodological tool that potentializes the distinction of moments in a productionconversation network in which there is an expression through the language that vitalizes unusual coordination of actions in the history of this group and an emotional stimulation in which the experience of the other ones may be accepted as legitimate.