The purpose is to increase awareness of the importance of staff engagement in the work environment and how the organization works to engage employees to want to participate actively in the work environment. The questions we seek answers to in this study is the following: What affects the staff to engage in the work environment from a management perspective Are there external factors that affect the organization and the individual's engagement to work with the working environment? We have create a model that is based on recent research to define our definition of engagement. The model contains four factors : Clarity, Advocacy opportunities, resources and feedback. The method we have used to answer the purpose in this study is ten qualitative interviews with persons with work environment responsibilities. The result shows that the engagement regarding work environment is important to get the employees to actively participate. To get the engagement from the employees the organizations need to provide, clarrity, advocacy opportunities, resources and give mutual feedback. External factors such as high and low season affect the organization's work environment, but not the individual engagement regarding work environment.

The Lakes of the Four Seasons, a community in Lake and Porter Counties in northwestern Indiana, contains highly eutrophic lakes. A diagnostic feasibility study of the lakes was initiated in December 1981, and continued through November 1982. Morphometric, limnological and hydrologic characteristics of the lakes were defined in order to permit the development of nutrient and hydrologic budgets for the lakes. In addition to the development of these budgets, preliminary testing of a lake restoration technique, phosphorus precipitation, was performed. These studies and the resultant budgets provided necessary information for the formulation of feasible restoration methods for the lakes. The recommended restoration methods, if implemented, could enhance and maintain water quality conducive to recreational use and aesthetic enjoyment.The Lakes of the Four Seasons system has a mass water loading of 3.596 x 106 m3 Y-1and a hydraulic residence time of 0.71 y. Mass external phosphorus loading to the lakes is 537.34 kg –1 . Mass nitrogen loading to the system is 13,457 kg y -l.Big Bass Lake has a mass water loading of 2.316 x 106 m3 y-1 and a hydraulic residence time of 0.16 y. Mass external phosphorus loading to the lake is 356.76 kg y -l. Mass nitrogen loading to Big Bass Lake is 12,260 kg y -l.Lake Holiday/Lake on the Green has a mass water loading of 3.423 x 106 m3 y 1 and a hydraulic residence time of 0.65 y. Mass external phosphorus loading to the lakes is 330.52 kg y-1. Mass nitrogen loading to the Lake Holiday/Lake on the Green is 11,980 kg y1.Both loading and in-lake nitrogen:phosphorus ratios indicated phosphorus limitation in these lakes. The eutrophic condition of the lakes was also indicated by in-lake nutrient concentrations as well as excessive algal and macrophyte growth. Rapid 02 depletion, which occurs in water overlying the sediments even though the lakes are fairly well mixed, also testifies to the extreme productivity of the lakes.Restoration options for these lakes include short term cosmetic methods, longer term options for the disruption of internal phosphorus cycling, and abatement of phosphorus loading from the watershed. The cosmetic options involve the use of herbicides and algicides to give immediate relief from excessive primary productivity. Dredging and drawdown/sediment consolidation are aired at reducing internal phosphorus loading, while methods directed at the abatement of phosphorus loading from the watershed attack the cause of the lake system's problems. The longer term options necessitate further studies before implementation.

Problembakgrund: Studier för sambandet mellan volatilitet och avkastning har för det aggregerade marknadsperspektivet varit odelat enliga i att detta är negativt. Detsamma gäller inte sambandet vid studier på aktier för enskilda företag där ett antal har kunnat observera ett positivt samband. Detta skulle betyda att det är fördelaktigt när en akties volatilitet ökar, vilket går emot tidigare teorier som säger att sjunkande aktiekurser leder till en ökande volatilitet. I en teori har reala optioner presenterats som en förklaring genom dess konvexitet som leder till ett samtidigt ökande värde när volatilitet ökar. Problemformulering: Existerar ett positivt samband mellan volatilitet och avkastning för enskilda aktier noterade på den svenska aktiemarknaden? Syfte: Studiens huvudsyfte ligger i att avgöra om det går att observera ett positivt samband mellan volatilitet och avkastning på företagsnivå. Sambandet kontrolleras för de variabler som indikerar på en relativt stor tillgång reala optioner för att avgöra om ett företags flexibilitet gör att avkastning och volatilitet ökar samtidigt genom de reala optionernas värdeökning i enlighet med den teori presenterad av Grullon, Lyandres och Zhdanov. Ett delsyfte är därefter att undersöka huruvida vanliga prisjämviktsmodellers förklaringsgrad kan förbättras för att utreda om reala optioner har en så betydande effekt för svenska aktiers avkastning att investerare bör ta dessa i beaktande. Teori: Studien avhandlar de två teorier som tidigare presenterats som huvudförklaringar för det asymmetriska sambandet mellan volatilitet och avkastning, hävstångseffekten och volatilitetsfeedback-effekten. Dessutom presenteras den teori som genom ett företags flexibilitet eventuellt förklarar ett symmetriskt samband och de nyckeltal som indikerar på en relativ tillgång reala optioner. För att kunna undersöka detta samband använder vi CAPM, Fama-French tre- och Carhart fyrfaktormodell, samt en vidare modifierad modell som beaktar reala optioner. Metod: För att besvara vår problemformulering har vi valt att genomföra denna kvantitativa studie med en deduktivt ansats. Ett totalurval bestående av 1131 företag på aktiemarknaden mellan åren 1992 – 2011 ligger som grund för de statistiska testen.  Empiri/analys: Resultaten visar på att det inte föreligger ett positivt samband mellan volatilitet och avkastning för enskilda aktier noterade i Sverige, det samband vi finner är signifikant negativt. De undersökta prisjämviktsmodellerna visar på en något ökande förklaringsgrad för de variabler som indikerar reala optioner men utan signifikanta resultat. Dessa resultat skiljer sig från referensstudien på den amerikanska marknaden av Grullon et al. som kunnat visa på ett positivt samband. Slutsats: Ett existerande symmetriskt samband går inte att helt utesluta, resultaten visar däremot på att de teorier som driver ett negativt samband är dominerande på den svenska marknaden. Detta kan bero på exempelvis skillnader i företagsklimat eller juridiska trösklar mellan länder som hämmar ett företags möjligheter till att vara flexibla och att denna effekt därför blir begränsad.

Une étude expérimentale de l'influence des mélanges gazeux sur le régime de combustion sans flamme a été menée sur l'installation pilote du CORIA, en collaboration avec GDF SUEZ. La première partie de cette étude a été consacrée à la caractérisation détaillée de ce régime de combustion particulier au méthane pur avec et sans préchauffage de l'air comburant. Des mesures locales de température et concentrations d'espèces stables ont été réalisées à l'aide de thermocouples à fil fin et sonde de prélèvement. Une attention particulière a aussi été portée au développement et l'adaptation de techniques d'imagerie sur ce type de four : l'imagerie de chimiluminescence OH* pour la visualisation des zones de réaction et la PIV endoscopique afin d'obtenir des champs de vitesse de grandes dimensions malgré le fort confinement à haute température. L'analyse des résultats obtenus a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle principal de l'aérodynamique des jets turbulents de réactifs dans le four assurant l'obtention et la stabilisation de ce régime de combustion massivement diluée. Dans la seconde partie de cette étude, la faisabilité de l'utilisation d'hydrogène dans un four pilote fonctionnant en régime de combustion sans flamme a été démontrée. On retrouve toutes les caractéristiques intrinsèques à ce régime de combustion en termes de forte efficacité énergétique (lors du préchauffage de l'air) et très faibles émissions polluantes (CO et NOx) de ce régime massivement dilué, associé à la réduction des émissions de CO2 avec l'augmentation de la teneur en hydrogène dans le combustible. En fonctionnement à l'hydrogène pur et sans préchauffage de l?air, le four n?émet plus aucune espèce carbonée et quasiment pas de NOx ; on se rapproche d'un four à "zéro émission".

The aim with this essay is to cast a light upon the brainwashing carried out by the totalitarian Party in George Orwell’s dystopian novel, 1984, and induce a deeper understanding of its persuasive effect on Winston Smith, the main character. Winston passionately hates the Party and its leader Big Brother who govern the country Oceania in which he lives. However, after having undergone brainwashing that also includes torture, Winston surrenders to the ideology of the Party and at the end of the novel his hatred towards Big Brother has turned to love. In order to understand Winton’s conversion I carry out a close reading of the novel and apply the three rhetorical means of persuasion, ethos, logos and pathos, to the novel and demonstrate when and how these appeals are used on Winston. Against this rhetorical background the analysis shows that the Party’s usage of rhetorical appeals can explain why the brainwashing works successfully in its persuasive aim. This result also demonstrates that these three appeals play a prominent role over a course of several years in the Party’s indoctrination of Winston. Additionally, the presence of rhetoric proves that there is more than Winston being tortured to his conversion. Thus, Winston is not only tortured into repeating the principles of the party, he is also persuaded into actually believing in them and loving Big Brother by the Party’s strategic appeals to ethos, logos and pathos. / Syftet med detta arbete är att belysa hjärntvätten utförd av det totalitära Partiet i George Orwells dystopiska roman, 1984, och bidra till en djupare förståelse för dess övertygande effekt på huvudkaraktären Winston Smith. Han hatar innerligt Partiet och dess ledare Storebror som styr landet Oceanien, i vilket Winston lever. Efter att ha genomgått hjärntvätt, som också innebär tortyr, överlämnar han sig dock till Partiets ideologi och i slutet av romanen har hans hat för Storebror vänts till kärlek. För att förstå Winstons omvändelse analyserar jag romanen utifrån de tre retoriska övertalningsmedlen, ethos, logos och pathos och påvisar när och hur dessa används mot Winston. Mot denna retoriska bakgrund visar analysen att Partiets användning av dessa medel kan förklara varför hjärntvätten lyckas. Resultatet visar också att dessa medel spelar en viktig roll över en längre period i Partiets indoktrinering av Winston. Dessutom visar närvaron av retorik att hjärntvättens utfall inte endast är avhängigt Partiets tortyr. Winston är således inte enbart genom tortyr tvingad till att repetera Partiets ideologi, han övertygas också att tro omfatta denna och att älska Storebror genom Partiets strategiska användning av ethos, logos och pathos.

The objective of this paper is to present an efficient miniaturized antenna design and simulation of a highly isolated multi-port micro-strip antenna for multiple-input multiple-output communication (MIMO) systems. Three geometric configurations were proposed and compared to achieve an isolation of as low as –30 dB without affecting the antenna performance greatly. The antenna was designed to operate at a resonance frequency of 2.45 GHz (fc ). Ferrite material beneath each meander structure was used for miniaturization purposes as well as an FR4 substrate with a compact overall area of .75 lambda0 ×.5 lambda0 for a system board, where lambda0 is the free space wavelength. A ground plane with small etched slits was used for isolation purposes. A maximum gain of 4.6 dBi in the azimuthal plane was achieved. Index Terms: MIMO, meander antenna, four-port antenna, defected ground structure / Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

The subject of this thesis is the influence of George Orwell's experience as a war-time BBC radio broadcaster on the author as he created the world of NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR. In 1985 W. J. West published the transcripts of Orwell's wartime broadcasts. West suggested in his introductory preface that Orwell's NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR was based directly on his BBC experience and problems encountered with the Ministry of Information at that time. This thesis argues that, though Orwell probably drew on his BBC experience for the psychological content of NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR, Winston's treatment at the hands of Big Brother is not based on anything the author endured during his tenure at the BBC. To this end Orwell's personal and political reasons for both joining and leaving the BBC are discussed. The connection between reality and fiction in Orwell's works, both documentary and fictional, is examined, and the literary nature of all of Orwell's writing taken into consideration in an exploration of the creative dynamic shaping Orwell's expression.

The aim of this study is to present a design approach for compliant bistable four-link mechanisms. The design constraints are the two positions of the mechanism, the force required to snap between the positions and the fatigue life of the designed mechanism. The theory presented here will be applied to the door lock mechanism used in commercial dishwashers, which is originally designed as a rigid inverted slider crank mechanism snapping between two positions with the force applied by a spring. The mechanism is re-designed as a compliant bistable four-link mechanism and a prototype has been manufactured.

In order to meet the demands of the continuous scaling of electronic devices, new technologies have been developed over the years. As we approach the newest levels of miniaturization, current technologies, such as physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition, are reaching a limitation in their ability to successfully fabricate nano sized electronic devices. Supercritical fluid deposition (SFD) is a demonstrated technology that provides excellent step coverage for the deposition of metals and metal oxides within narrow, high aspect ratio features. This technique shows the potential to satisfy the demands of integrated circuit miniaturization while maintaining a cost effective process needed to keep the technology competitive. In order to complement SFD technology heuristics for scale-up, an understanding of the deposition mechanism and kinetics and resolution of integration issues such as interfacial film adhesion must be resolved. It is critical to have a fundamental understanding of the chemistry behind the reaction process in supercritical fluid deposition. For this purpose, a detailed kinetic study of the deposition of ruthenium from bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato) (1,5-cyclooctadiene) ruthenium(II) is carried out so that growth rate orders and a mechanism can be established. These predictive kinetic results provide the means to control the reaction which allows for overall optimization of the process. Reliability is of the utmost importance for fabricated devices since they must withstand harsh steps in the fabrication process as well as perform and last under standard and extreme usage conditions. One issue of reliability is assessed by addressing the adhesion of the metallization layers deposited by SFD. A quantitative determination of the interfacial adhesion energy of as deposited and pretreated copper metallization layers from SFD onto barrier layers is used to determine the potential for integration of these films for industry standards. Extension of the basics of SFD by performing co-deposition of multiple compounds, layer-by-layer deposition for device fabrication and integration with other unique technologies for novel applications demonstrates the ability of this technique to satisfy a wide range of commercial applications and be used as the basis for new technologies. Co-depositions of Ce/Pt, Co/Pt, Ba/Ti and Nd/Ni for the fabrication of functional direct methanol fuel cell electrodes, magnetic alloys for media storage applications, high k dielectric films for alternative energy storage devices and alternative materials for solid oxide fuel cell cathodes, respectively, are performed. Layer-by-layer deposition with masking is used to fabricate nanometer scale capacitors. Finally, plasma spray technology is combined with the rapid expansion of supercritical solvents technique to form a novel, patent pending, process that is used to fabricate next generation photovoltaic cells.

Sammanfattning – ”Finansinspektionens krav på högre kärnprimärkapital: En studie av de svenska storbankerna” Datum: 2013-05-31 Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i företagsekonomi, 15 ECTS Institution: Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, EST, Mälardalens Högskola Författare: Frida Hoffmann & Kajsa Ljungqvist Jansson Titel: Finansinspektionens krav på högre kärnprimärkapital: En studie av de svenska storbankerna Handledare: Staffan Boström Nyckelord: Kärnprimärkapital, de svenska storbankerna, Finansinspektionen Frågeställning: Vilka strategier har de svenska storbankerna använt sig av för att uppnå kravet på högre kärnprimärkapital samt fördela kostnaderna som medföljer? Vilka konsekvenser har det hittills fått för bankerna då de redan börjat anpassa sig till kravet? Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva vilka strategier som legat till grund för att de fyra svenska storbankerna skall klara av det högre kravet på kärnprimärkapital som Finansinspektionen ställer. Undersökningen ämnar även utvärdera vilka konsekvenser förändringarna har fått hittills för bankerna och vem som har belastats med kostnaden för det ökade kärnprimärkapitalet. Metod: Metoden som använts var av kvalitativ karaktär där sekundärdata som samlats in varit från böcker, rapporter och artiklar. Primärdata har samlats in från personliga intervjuer och analyserades sedan med hjälp av sekundära datan. Slutsats: De svenska storbankerna har implementerat tydliga strategier för att uppfylla Finansinspektionens krav. Det visade sig att de banker som använt sig av att se över sin prissättning också var de banker som ligger i topp vad gäller kärnprimärkapitalrelationen. Konsekvensen av det nya kravet har blivit ett större fokus på att ha rätt kunder samt kostnadsfokus för att på så vis täcka upp för de kostnader som kravet medför. / Abstract – “The higher demand on Core tier 1 capital from Finansinspektionen:                 study of the major Swedish banks”  Date: 2013-05-31 Level: Bachelor thesis in business administration, 15 ECTS Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering Authors: Frida Hoffmann & Kajsa Ljungqvist Jansson Title: The higher demand on Core tier 1 capital from Finansinspektionen: study of the major Swedish banks Tuthor: Staffan Boström Keywords: Core tier 1 capital, the four major Swedish banks, Finansinspektionen Research Question: What strategies have the four major Swedish banks used to fulfill the recommendations from Finansinspektionen regarding higher level of Core tier 1 capital and how have they allocated the costs included? What consequences have the banks experienced so far as they have started to adjust to the new requirements? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe what strategies have formed the basis of the four major Swedish banks to manage with the increasing demands on the Core tier 1 capital from Finansinspektionen. The study also intends to evaluate what consequences the changes have had so far and who have been charged with the costs that the demand brings. Method: The method used was of a qualitative nature where the secondary data collected was from books and reports. The primary data collected was from personal interviews and was then later analyzed using the secondary data collected. Conclusion: All of the major Swedish banks now meet the requirements that Finansinspektionen imposes on its Core tier 1 capital. The numbers that differ between banks depends on what strategy has been used. It was found during the study that the banks that revised their pricing was also the banks that are at the top in terms of Core tier 1 capital ratio. The consequence of the new requirement appears to have been a greater focus on having the right customers and the right cost to manage the costs that the new requirement brings.