The aim of the current work was to analyze the structure of training in the four – year Olympic cycle (2001 – 2004), the achieved results and to assess the dynamics of sportsmen`s physical and functional abilities over the period. The dynamics of the physical and functional abilities over the annual cycle of training was analyzed on an example of A.Z. and E.K., the most efficient Lithuanian modern pentathlonists. We analyzed physical load in 2001 – 2004 and the results achieved in the same year, the dynamics of physical development, such as body mass, muscle and fat mass, lung volume, muscular power in different zones of energy production. The efficiency on anaerobic alactic energy production mechanisms was determined by measuring single muscle contraction power (SMCP) and anaerobic alactic muscular power (AAMP). The functional capacity of the circulatory and respiratory systems was assessed by the Roufier index (RI). By fixing the speed on a running-track, pulse rate and lactate concentration in blood we determined the intensity of bioenergetic processes at the anaerobic metabolism threshold limit. Also, aerobic capacity at the critical intensity limit and anaerobic metabolism threshold limit were determined. The physical development indices of these sportsmen changed little over the annual cycle of training. In both sportsmen, muscular power under short work remained stable at the level years and showed little change throughout the competition period up to its culmination... [to full text]

George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four, first published in 1949, is a vision of socialism gone wrong. The setting of Oceania is a world ruled over by an oligarchical collective, “The Party,” which wields absolute power through a formidable combination of surveillance technology and the operation of the principles of “panoptic control,” a concept drawn from Jeremy Bentham’s model prison design of the late 1700s and revived by Foucault in the mid 1970s. The combination of surveillance technology and panoptic control is central to the functioning of power in Orwell’s novel, a union which has created a self-sustaining form of totalitarianism dependent on the oppression of individual identity for its automatic perpetuation. This essay offers a reading of Nineteen Eighty-Four as an implicit critique of Bentham’s Panopticon which in many ways foreshadowed the later work of Michel Foucault on the functioning of power within this specific type of physical and social architecture. / George Orwells roman 1984, vilken publicerades första gången 1949, är en framtidsvision om socialism som gått fel. Romanen utspelas i Oceania, en värld som styrs av ett oligarkiskt kollektiv, “Partiet,” vilket utövar absolut makt genom en utstuderad kombination av övervakningsteknik och teorin om “panoptisk” kontroll, ett begrepp sprunget ur av Jeremy Benthams fängelsemodell från sent 1700-tal, vilket återskapades av Michel Foucault i mitten av 1970-talet. Kombinationen av övervakningsteknologi och panopticism har i Oceanien skapat en totalitarianism som fungerar med automatik och förtrycker individuell identitet för att befästa statens makt. Denna uppsats närmar sig Orwells 1984 som en underförstådd kritik av Benthams arbete. Vidare identifier i romanen 1984 många av Foucault’s idéer om hur makt fungerar i en panoptisk struktur.

Guided reading is a common component of literacy instruction in elementary classrooms. The purpose of this research was to examine multiple areas of guided reading from the perspective of teachers who were using guided reading in their classrooms. Knowledge and beliefs, grouping, management and organization, dialogue, and assessment issues were the five instructional topics of guided reading that were investigated using a mixed methods approach. The research was carried out in a single school division located in northern Alberta and involved Kindergarten – Grade 3 language arts teachers. Survey data collected from 27 respondents were analyzed using an interpretational focus. The data were coded and categorized using the five identified instructional topics as a framework. Common themes and patterns of response were identified for each instructional topic. The survey findings were then used to generate a focus group agenda. The transcripts of three focus group sessions that involved 16 teacher participants were also analyzed using an interpretational focus. The findings of the study suggested that guided reading is an important component of early language arts instruction for the teachers who participated in this research. Two types of guided reading instruction were identified: a small group guided reading approach (Fountas & Pinnell, 1996) and a Four Blocks approach to guided reading (Cunningham, Hall, & Defee, 1991). The teacher participants identified a wide variety of goals and purposes in using guided reading. The grouping practices of the teachers shared some similarities and many teachers indicated that they used a variety of sources of information to determine students’ placement in guided reading groups. Repeatedly, the survey and focus group participants communicated how their guided reading instruction was affected by their perceptions of differences among students and classes as affecting their guided reading instruction. The teachers indicated that their continuous attempts to maintain balance and focus during guided reading instruction also affected their organization and management. The teachers’ responses to survey items and focus group questions that addressed dialogue also focused on maintaining balance and focus during guided reading instruction. The teachers also discussed how they used dialogue for instructional purposes and commented on their ability to maintain balance and focus during the discussions during guided reading lessons. Many teachers indicated that they used running records to inform their guided reading instruction. Various other assessment tools that are consistent with an assessment for learning focus were also identified by the teacher participants. Overall, many of the findings suggested that individual teachers have adapted their guided reading practices to such an extent that they are no longer consistent with a single guided reading approach. The findings of the research indicated a need for teachers the have opportunities to engage in reflective activities with respect to their guided reading practices.

The purpose was to investigate whether using two type of interventions (i.e., Four rooms of change in school and EQ- workshop) in addition to curriculum guidelines can affect character development in children 10-12 years of age. The data was collected using the test Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (J-TCI; Cloninger, CR, 1994) in three elementary schools among students in fifth grade who had been involved in any of the two interventions for the past two years or no intervention at all. The J-TCI scales were used to, besides the seven personality dimension it measures, create a self-constructed empathy scale. A total of 55 participants were included in the study (girls n = 26 and boys n = 29). Statistical testing with MANOVA showed no significant main effect on empathy or any personality trait. There was however an interaction effect between intervention and gender on the character traits. Girls in the Four Rooms of change in school, compared to boys, reported higher Self-directedness and Cooperativeness and girls in the EQ-workshop reported higher Self-transcendence. The interventions Four Rooms at school and EQ workshop seems to have different impact on boys and girls. / Syftet var att undersöka om användandet av två typer av interventioner (dvs, Fyrarummaren i skolan och EQ verkstan) utöver Läroplanens riktlinjer kan påverka karaktärsutveckling hos barn 10-12 år. Data samlades in med hjälp av testet Junior Temperament och Character Inventory (J-TCI, Cloninger, CR, 1994) i tre grundskolor bland elever i femte klass som hade varit inblandade i någon av de två insatserna under de senaste två åren alternativt ingen intervention alls. J-TCI skalorna användes för att, förutom de sju personlighetsdimensioner den mäter, skapa en egentillverkad empatiskala. Totalt 55 deltagare ingick i studien (flickor n = 26 och pojkar n = 29). Statistisk testning med MANOVA visade ingen signifikant huvudeffekt på empati eller något personlighetsdrag. Det fanns dock en interaktionseffekt mellan intervention och kön på karaktärsdrag. Flickor i  Fyrarummaren i skolan, jämfört med pojkar, rapporterade högre Self-directedness och Cooperativeness och flickor i EQ-verkstan  rapporterade högre Self-transcendence. Interventionerna Fyrarummaren i skolan och EQ-verkstan verkar ha olika påverkan på pojkar och flickor.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 327-346). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 327-346). Also available on the Internet.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:15:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson Hoff.pdf: 11193047 bytes, checksum: f07cba24b1a4da1b53270bac747a0252 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Estruturas de bifurcação delimitam regiões periódicas imersas em áreas de caos em planos de parâmetros de sistemas dinâmicos. Neste trabalho são estudadas as estruturas de bifurcação de sistemas dinâmicos contínuos quadridimensionais, um circuito de Chua e um acoplamento de dois osciladores de FitzHugh-Nagumo. Os resultados numéricos foram obtidos através do cálculo dos expoentes de Lyapunov, através de integração numérica dos sistemas, e das curvas de bifurcação, por continuação numérica através do MatCont. Investigou-se as bifurcações que formam o endoesqueleto de camarões em planos de parâmetros no circuito de Chua, além de estruturas espirais, caos transiente e bacias de atração caóticas e periódicas. Análise semelhante foi realizada no acoplamento de dois osciladores de FitzHugh-Nagumo, identificando estruturas periódicas imersas em regiões caóticas, estruturas de línguas de Arnold imersas em regiões de comportamento quase-periódico, com períodos organizados e conectadas com regiões periódicas, e a sensibilidade do sistema às condições iniciais.

Submitted by CHERLYNN DANIELA DA SILVA ARCE null (cdprado@outlook.com) on 2018-04-03T20:24:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Cherlynn_Daniela_da_Silva_Arce.pdf: 1179630 bytes, checksum: c8a13228e501d97cb1dd118aca364265 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-04-04T13:21:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arce_cds_me_jabo.pdf: 1179630 bytes, checksum: c8a13228e501d97cb1dd118aca364265 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-04T13:21:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arce_cds_me_jabo.pdf: 1179630 bytes, checksum: c8a13228e501d97cb1dd118aca364265 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Com o avanço dos estudos em genética e da tecnologia aplicada à genotipagem de marcadores moleculares, a identificação de polimorfismos associados às características de interesse econômico se tornou mais acessível, possibilitando a sua utilização aumentar a acurácia de modelos de predição do mérito genético dos animais. Esse avanço também possibilitou aumentar a acurácia dos estudos para identificação de QTLs para características de interesse econômico. Entretanto, os marcadores comumente utilizados para tal fim são os SNPs, que por serem bi-alélicos podem não ser muito eficientes na identificação dos QTLs. Os haplótipos, multi-alélicos, apresentam maior possibilidade de estarem em desequilíbrios de ligação (DL) com os QTLs. Dessa forma, objetivou-se no presente trabalho identificar o melhor método de construção de haplótipos para utilização em estudos de detecção de QTLs, a partir da comparação dos três métodos mais comumente utilizados para este fim. Foram utilizadas três populações simuladas representando características com três diferentes valores de herdabilidade, para as quais foram armazenados os dados fenotípicos, genotípicos e de pedigree dos 6.000 animais da população mais recente: Pop1 com herdabilidade baixa (0,10); Pop2 com herdabilidade moderada (0,25); e, Pop3 com herdabilidade alta (0,35). Os genomas simulados consistiram de 750.000 marcadores do tipo SNP, e 750 QTLs, com dois a quatro alelos, dispostos aleatoriamente em 29 cromossomos com tamanho total de 2.333 centimorgans (cM). A partir da simulação foram eliminados os SNPs cuja frequência do menor alelo foi menor que 0,1, restando 576.027, 577.189 e 576.675 marcadores para as populações Pop1, Pop2 e Pop3, respectivamente. A variação fenotípica foi de 1,0 e a variação dos QTLs foi de 50% das herdabilidades, para cada população. As médias dos DL para cada cromossomo, medidas pela estatística D', variaram de 0,20 até 0,30 para todas as populações, na última geração. Foram construídos haplótipos utilizando três métodos: Intervalo de Confiança (IC), Regra de Quatro Gametas (RQG) e Janelas Sobrepostas (JS). Para Pop1, no cromossomo 15, os métodos IC, RQG e JS identificaram cinco, oito e sete QTLs, respectivamente. Somente um QTL foi identificado nos cromossomos 19 e 29. Para a característica de herdabilidade alta, foi identificado um QTL no cromossomo 11. Em relação às análises de associação utilizando SNPs individuais, foram identificados quatro QTLs no cromossomo 15. Para a característica de herdabilidade moderada, não foram encontrados haplótipos ou SNPs isolados significativos. A metodologia de formação de haplótipos baseado na RQG foi considerada a mais eficiente para detecção de QTLs em relação aos métodos IC e JS, bem como ao uso dos SNPs isolados. / With the advancement of genetic studies and the technology applied to the genotyping of molecular markers, the identification of polymorphisms associated with the characteristics of economic interest became more accessible, allowing its use to increase the accuracy of prediction models of the genetic merit of the animals. This advance also made it possible to increase the accuracy of studies to identify QTLs for characteristics of economic interest. However, the commonly used markers for this purpose are SNPs, which because they are bi-allelic may not be very efficient in identifying QTLs. The haplotypes, multi-allelic, are more likely to be in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with QTLs. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify the best haplotype construction method for use in QTLs detection studies, by comparing the three methods most commonly used for this purpose. Three simulated populations representing characteristics with three different heritability values were used for which the phenotypic, genotypic and pedigree data of the 6,000 animals were stored: Pop1 with low heritability (0.10); Pop2 with moderate heritability (0.25); and, Pop3 with high heritability (0.35). The simulated genomes consisted of 750,000 SNP-type markers, and 750 QTLs, with two to four alleles, arranged randomly on 29 chromosomes with a total size of 2,333 centimorgans (cM). From the simulation the SNPs whose frequency of the lowest allele was less than 0.1 were eliminated, leaving 576,027, 577,189 and 576,675 markers for Pop1, Pop2 and Pop3 populations, respectively. The phenotypic variation was 1.0 and the variation of QTLs was 50% of the heritabilities, for each population. The mean LD for each chromosome, measured by the D' statistic, ranged from 0.20 to 0.30 for all populations in the last generation. Haplotypes were constructed using three methods: Confidence Interval (CI), Four Gametes Rule (FGR) and Sliding-Window (SW). For Pop1, on chromosome 15, CI, FGR and SW methods identified five, eight and seven QTLs, respectively. Only one QTL was identified on chromosomes 19 and 29. For the high heritability characteristic, a QTL was identified on chromosome 11. Regarding the association analyzes using individual SNPs, four QTLs were identified on chromosome 15. For the moderate heritability characteristic, no significant isolated haplotypes or SNPs were found. The methodology of haplotype formation based on the FGR was considered the most efficient for the detection of QTLs in relation to CI and SW methods, as well as to the use of isolated SNPs.

Le rejet des nutriments (phosphates et nitrates) issues des eaux usées domestiques entraînent la dégradation des écosystèmes (74 % du territoire français concerné en 2006). Compte tenu de la situation, l’Etat français a promulgué la Loi sur l’Eau et les Milieux Aquatiques le 30décembre 2006 qui vise à atteindre le « bon état écologique des eaux et des milieux aquatiques » d’ici 2015. Cette notion bien que difficilement intégrable a généré des normes plus strictes pour les stations d’épuration en termes de rejet de nutriments vers le milieu récepteur (jusque 15 mg NTOT.L-1 et 2 mg PTOT.L-1). Depuis la fin des années 1990, la technologie des filtres plantés de roseaux (FPR) est de plus en plus employée(> 2500 unités en 2012) pour le traitement des eaux usées domestiques des petites collectivités inférieures à 2000 Equivalent-Habitants. Cependant, des limites de traitement existent sur les concentrations résiduelles en azote (rejet de 70-80 mg NTOT.L-1) et en phosphore (rejet> 10 mg PTOT.L-1), en vue de répondre à la réglementation future. Ce travail a eu pour objectif de mettre en oeuvre des améliorations telles que la recirculation sur un étage de traitement pour le traitement de l’azote d’une part et l’emploi de matériaux réactifs pour piéger le phosphore d’autre part. La démarche scientifique expérimentale déployée a consisté à suivre des pilotes sur site réel et en laboratoire pendant 2 années. Le suivi des performances épuratoires et hydrauliques a été réalisé au cours du temps. Pour l’azote, 2 FPR (2,5 m²) garnis de schiste expansé (Mayennite®) ont été alimentés en effluent brut. L’effet de la hauteur de saturation en eau dans la partie drainante ainsi que l’effet de la recirculation ont été étudiés. Les résultats obtenus ont montré : une couche saturée à 38 % (rapporté à la hauteur totale) et un ratio de recirculation de 100 % permettent une meilleure élimination de la matière particulaire-carbonée (Arrêté du22 juin 2007) et de l’azote (< 20 mg NTK.L-1 ; < 45 mgNTOT.L-1). Deux laitiers de four à arc électrique ont été sélectionnés pour le traitement du phosphore. Ceux-ci ont été mis en œuvre dans 5 colonnes (6 L) en laboratoire alimentées en effluent synthétique en phosphore puis secondaire et dans 4 filtres réactifs pilote (0,3 m² ; 34 L) à flux horizontal sous surfacique alimentés en effluent secondaire. Il ressort de ces expériences: (i) des disparités existent entre les deux échelles en termes de performances (< 2 mg P.L-1 pendant 20 mois en colonne et variation saisonnière des performances en pilote) et mécanismes épuratoires (adsorption/précipitation P-Caen colonne ; P-Ca + P-Fe en pilote), (ii) l’augmentation de la température (> 15 °C) et/ou du temps de séjour (48h et plus) améliore la cinétique d’élimination du phosphore à échelle pilote et (iii) l’implantation d’un filtre réactif garni de laitier de four à arc électrique est limité par le degré de traitement souhaité et la distance du futur chantier (coût du transport). / Nutrient (phosphorus and nitrogen) discharges from wastewater lead to water quality degradation (74 % of the total French territory in 2006). According to the actual situation, the French government has adopted a Water Framework on December 30, 2006 to achieve a“good ecological status of water” in 2015. Therefore,more stringent standards on nutrients removal for raw wastewater treatment plants are expected (down to 15mg TN.L-1 and 2 mg TP.L-1). However, standards actually remain under the responsibility of departmental authorities according to the water quality of the receiving environment. Since 1990s, Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands(VFCWs) have been more and more popular in treating raw domestic wastewater for small collectivities of less than 2000 person equivalent (> 2500 units in 2012). However, nitrogen and phosphorus removal are limited in VFCWs (70-80 mg TN.L-1; > 10 mg TP.L-1) according to the new legislation. The aim of this work was on the one hand to implement a recirculation of treated effluent on a VFCW for better nitrogen removal and on the other to use reactive materials to improve phosphorus removal. The experimental scientific approach consisted in monitoring both laboratory and field pilot scale systems under process conditions during 2 years. Treatment and hydraulic performances were monitored over time. Two VFCWs (2,5 m²) filled with expanded schist (Mayennite®) were fed with raw domestic wastewater. The effect of a saturated layer and of the recirculation of treated effluent were studied. Results showed that 38 % of a saturated layer and 100 % of recirculation enabled to improve nitrogen treatment performances (< 20 mgTKN.L-1; < 45 mg TN.L-1) and to meet the French standard D4. Electric arc furnace slags were selected as reactive materials to improve phosphorus treatment performance of the VFCWs in laboratory and field pilot scale systems. Five laboratory-scale column experiments (6L) were fed with a phosphorus synthetic effluent then with a secondary effluent. Four horizontal subsurface flow active filters (0,3 m²; 34 L) were fed with a secondary effluent. The main results showed : (i)differences exist between laboratory and pilot scale regarding treatment performance (< 2 mg P.L-1 during20 months in the laboratory ; seasonal variations at pilot scale) and removal mechanisms (adsorption/precipitation Ca-P in laboratory ; Ca-P + Fe-P at pilot scale), (ii) an increase of temperature (> 15°C) and/or hydraulic retention time (more than 2 days) improved the kinetics of phosphorus removal at pilot scale, (iii) the active filter implementing is limited by the discharge standard required (> 3 mg PTOT.L-1) and the distance to the steel factory (transport costs).

Bakgrund: Fram till 1950-talet sågs smärta som ett fysiskt problem men då började smärtan även ses som flerdimensionell. Hos patienter i palliativ vård är flerdimensionell smärta vanligt förekommande. Palliativ vård skall ske utifrån fyra hörnstenar som bygger på symtomlindring, teamarbete, kontinuitet och kommunikation samt stöd till närstående. Syfte: Syftet är att sammanställa forskning kring vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan lindra smärta i palliativ vård. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt och baserades på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod. Resultat: I resultatet framgår ett flertal komplementära omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan lindra smärta hos patienter inom palliativ vård. Kunskap om smärtans dimensioner och smärtbedömning är en förutsättning för att uppnå optimal smärtlindring. Ett bra teamarbete, psykosocialt stöd samt god kommunikation mellan patienten och vårdteamet är av betydelse i palliativ vård. Konklusion: Patienten bör ha en grundläggande farmakologisk smärtlindring och icke farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder bör finnas som komplement i smärtbehandlingen. Det behövs mer forskning och kunskap om dessa omvårdnadsåtgärder och hur dessa kan implementeras i palliativ vård. Mer kunskap om smärtans dimensioner och kunskap om smärtskalor så att korrekt smärtbedömning kan göras. / Background: Pain was seen as only a physical problem but in the 1950’s pain began to be seen as a multidimensional problem. For patients in palliative care multidimensional pain is common. The key elements of palliative care should be a focus on: symptom relief, teamwork, continuity and communication as well as support for relatives. Aim: The aim is to compile research about which nursing measures can relieve pain in palliative care. Method: The study was conducted as a literature review and was based on 13 articles where quantitative and qualitative methods where reported. Result: The result is a number of complementary nursing measures that can alleviate pain in patients in palliative care. Knowledge of the pain's dimensions and pain assessment is a prerequisite for achieving optimal pain relief. Teamwork, psychosocial support and good communication between the patient and the careteam are important in palliative care. Conclusion: Patients should receive basic pharmacological pain relief together with complementary non-pharmacological pain management care measures. More research and knowledge about these nursing interventions and how these can be implemented in palliative care are needed. Greater knowledge about both the dimensions of pain and about pain scales is needed so that optimal pain assessment can be achieved.