Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nayara Graciela Sales Brito.pdf: 1228124 bytes, checksum: 994fcb02f2abcb654e77ed919e77f2fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-06 / The scope of this study is to examine the ignorance of the law issue beginning with a historical study of criminal liability and mistake, moving on to the birth of culpability theories and the approaches to the knowledge of unlawfulness. This study addresses the development of culpability and mistake of law in Brazil, mainly through the study of Brazilian criminal statutes and bills. To this end, this study shows the development of the theory around the object of the knowledge of unlawfulness, and the prevailing opinions of Brazilian jurists in the sense of considering it to be in opposition to the established order of the community. This study is justified by the complexity and importance of the topic, both to crime theory and legal pragmatics, especially when one considers the numerous statutes enacted in Brazil, many of which date from the post-industrial period, as a means of keeping up with the risks posed by a global and technological society. The theoretical framework follows the historical and chronological line, and is not intended to exhaust the approaches to the subject nor is it aimed at offering solutions to all the lines of thought herein mentioned. This study covers different conceptions of culpability: psychological, normative, finalist, and the functional views of Claus Roxin and Günther Jakobs. Next, formal, material and intermediary theories of the object of the knowledge of unlawfulness is addressed in order to attain a critical view of inexcusable nature of the ignorance of the law defense in the face of the dignity of the human person / Esta dissertação tem como escopo a análise da especial questão do desconhecimento da lei penal, partindo-se do estudo histórico da responsabilidade criminal e do erro até o advento das teorias da culpabilidade e os respectivos tratamentos sobre a consciência da ilicitude. Examina-se a evolução da culpabilidade e do erro de proibição no Brasil, sobretudo por meio do estudo dos diversos diplomas penais, como também de alguns projetos de lei. Expõem-se o desenvolvimento teórico sobre o objeto da consciência da ilicitude e a posição majoritária da doutrina brasileira no sentido de considerá-lo como sendo a contrariedade à ordem comunitária. Justifica-se o trabalho pela complexidade e relevância do tema, tanto para a teoria do delito, quanto para a pragmática jurídica, mormente em se considerando a edição de inúmeras leis que ingressam no ordenamento jurídico pátrio, muitas delas advindas do período pós- industrial, como meio de se acompanhar os riscos da sociedade globalizada e tecnológica. O percurso teórico filia-se à linha histórico-cronológica, sem a pretensão de esgotar as abordagens relativas ao assunto, nem oferecer soluções para todas as correntes de pensamento expostas. Apresentam-se as concepções sobre a culpabilidade: psicológicas, normativas, finalistas e as visões funcionalistas de Claus Roxin e de Günther Jakobs. Em seguida, o estudo perpassa pelas teorias formal, material e intermediária do objeto da consciência da ilicitude, para se alcançar um posicionamento crítico da inescusabilidade da ignorância da lei penal em face do princípio da culpabilidade e da dignidade da pessoa humana

Introdução: a ausência de extensão completa do joelho é uma condição limitante que algumas vezes precisa ser tratada invasivamente através da realização da capsulotomia posterior do joelho, uma vez que medidas conservadoras tenham sido esgotadas previamente. No entanto, mesmo com a literatura vigente, ainda não está claro se o procedimento para aquisição de extensão do membro inferior está associado á melhora funcional de pacientes com contratura em flexão do joelho e queixas de dor anterior, bem como se este ganho de extensão pode ser mantido ao longo do tempo. Métodos: nós conduzimos um estudo de coorte retrospectivo de 21 pacientes com contratura em flexão mínima do joelho os quais foram submetidos à capsulotomia posterior do joelho por técnica aberta entre 1990 e 2010. Após 9.19 ± 6.68 anos de follow-up, os níveis funcionais do joelho e média de ângulo de contratura em flexão foram comparados com os dados pré-operatórios e a taxa de recorrência pôde ser estimada. Complicações investigadas incluíram instabilidade do joelho secundária ao procedimento e danos neurovasculares. Resultados: pré-operatoriamente, todos os pacientes (100%) apresentavam scores funcionais de Lysholm classificados como regular ou ruim (média absoluta do score 58.66 ± 13.87, 95%CI 52.35–64.98), e 15 pacientes (72%) apresentaram melhora funcional, com scores bom ou excelente (média de score de Lysholm 87.61 ± 8.81, 95%CI 83.60–91.63) após o período de follow-up. A média pré-operatória do ângulo de flexão do joelho foi de 25.04 ± 9.15 graus (95%CI 20.88–29.21) e diminuiu para 4.28 ± 4.18 graus (95CI% 2.38 – 6.19). Nenhum paciente apresentou complicações relacionadas ao procedimento Conclusão: baseado em nossos resultados, nós concluímos que a capsulotomia posterior do joelho parece ser um procedimento seguro e efetivo para tratar adequadamente pacientes com joelhos dolorosos secundários a contraturas em flexão, com uma baixa taxa de recorrência mesmo após 9.19 anos em média de seguimento. / Background: lack of full extension of the knee is a disabling condition that sometimes needs to be treated invasively by a posterior capsulotomy of the knee, since conservative treatments have been exhaustively attempted. However, it is not clear if the procedure is able to improve anterior symptoms on the knee of patients with flexion contracture and if the full extension acquired can be kept throughout long-time follow-up. Methods: we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 21 patients diagnosed with minimal flexion contracture of the knee who underwent open posterior capsulotomy between 1990 and 2010. After 9.19 ± 6.68 years of follow-up, knee function and mean angle of fixed knee flexion were compared to baseline data and the recurrence rate was estimated. Complications investigated included knee instability and neurovascular damages. Results: all patients (100%) presented with a preoperative Lysholm score classified as poor or fair (mean, 58.66 ± 13.87, 95%CI 52.35–64.98), but 15 patients (72%) experienced an improvement to good or excellent scores (mean, 87.61 ± 8.81, 95%CI 83.60–91.63) after long-time follow-up. The mean preoperative angle of fixed flexion was 25.04 ± 9.15 degrees (95%CI 20.88–29.21) and it decreased to 4.28 ± 4.18 degrees (95CI% 2.38 – 6.19, after the follow-up. Conclusion: Based on these results, we conclude that posterior capsulotomy of the knee proved to be a safe and effective procedure to treat properly patients with painful knees secondary to lack of full extension with a low rate of recurrence even after a long-term follow-up.

O trabalho trata das situações de incerteza na técnica processual civil, analisando causas, efeitos e, principalmente, meios adequados para o tratamento dessas situações. Defende a idéia de que os litigantes não podem ter seus direitos processuais cerceados pela falta de objetividade na técnica processual, circunstância na qual deverá ser privilegiada a eficácia dos atos das partes. Nos três primeiros capítulos, é estudada a função do processo perante o direito material (aspecto positivo da instrumentalidade do processo), seu formalismo e sua flexibilidade, acentuando-se a aplicação da instrumentalidade das formas e do dever de saneamento das irregularidades processuais (aspecto negativo da instrumentalidade do processo). No capítulo quarto, são identificadas as crises de certeza no direito processual, suas fontes e os melhores meios de se evitá-las. No capítulo quinto, é justificada, à luz do direito processual vigente, a necessidade de manutenção da eficácia dos atos processuais realizados em zonas de incerteza. Por fim, nos capítulos seis e sete, o trabalho trata da fungibilidade recursal e da incerteza relativa aos pressupostos formais da ação rescisória, propondo meios de se permitir que os atos processuais realizados em zonas de incerteza produzam todos os seus efeitos, ainda que a opção dos litigantes divirja daquela adotada pelo juiz. / The present dissertation deals with the uncertainty about Brazilian civil procedure techniques, analyzing causes, effects and, chiefly, adequate means of treatment of such issues. It argues that the litigants may not have their procedural rights suppressed by the lack of objectivity on procedural law, situation in which the efficacy of their acts must be privileged. In the first three chapters, it studies the function of the procedural Law considering the substantive Law (positive aspect of procedural instrumentality), its formalism and its flexibility, enhancing the applicability of the norm of instrumentality of the forms and the judges obligation of remedying procedural irregularities (negative aspect of procedural instrumentality). In chapter four, crises of uncertainty of procedural law are identified, its sources as well as the best ways to avoid them. In chapter five, the needs of maintaining the efficacy of the parties acts in situations of uncertainty are justified considering the current procedural Law. At last, in chapters six and seven, the study addresses the rule of commingling remedies and the matter of uncertainty related to the procedural requisites of the termination action, proposing that the procedural acts performed in zones of uncertainty will produce all their effects, even if the option made by the litigants be different from that made by the judge.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Milius Pereira.pdf: 339600 bytes, checksum: 89ad5b7f8ee7d5b9cb99b976a61ae8ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-03 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This research aimed at investigating the senses and meanings of school violence in the view of four fifth grade students of a public school in São Paulo, verifying the implications of such senses and meanings to the construction of their social identities. As a theme, violence has been the focus of discussion in several social spheres, and the increasing concern of the general public with issues of violence is one of the factors that justify the development of this research. The theoretical assumptions that support this research are the socio-cultural-historical theory (VYGOSTKY 1934/2001), the concepts of sense and meaning (VYGOTSKY, 1934/1984; 1934/2001), the concept of violence (CHESNAIS, 1982; ARENDT, 1994; MACIEL, 2000; SANTOS, 2001; DEBARBIEUX, 2001; CHARLOT, 2002; NOGUEIRA, 2007) and the concept of identity (WOODWARD, 2000, HALL, 2001; SILVA, 2001; MOITA LOPES, 2006). This investigation was developed as an interpretive research (MOITA LOPES, 1994) since it sought to understand the studied phenomenon by means of the analysis of senses and meanings. For the analysis and the interpretation of data, the concept of topic (JUBRAN, 1992; KOCH, 1995) was used. Results indicate that actions of violence are constituted as mediational tools in the participants social interaction contexts, and in such social interactions, their identities as violent people are constructed / Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os sentidos-significados da violência escolar na perspectiva de quatro alunos da quinta-série de uma escola pública de São Paulo, verificando quais as implicações desses sentidos-significados em relação à construção de suas identidades sociais. A violência tem sido alvo de discussão em diversos âmbitos sociais e a crescente preocupação da sociedade em geral. A esse respeito é um dos fatores que justificam o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. Os pressupostos teóricos que fundamentaram a presente pesquisa foram a teoria sócio-histórica-cultural (VYGOSTKY 1934/2001), o conceito de sentido-significado (VYGOTSKY, 1934/1984; 1934/2001), o conceito de violência (CHESNAIS, 1982; ARENDT, 1994; MACIEL, 2000; SANTOS, 2001; DEBARBIEUX, 2001; CHARLOT, 2002; NOGUEIRA, 2007) e o conceito de identidade (WOODWARD, 2000, HALL, 2001; SILVA, 2001; MOITA LOPES, 2006). Esta investigação caracterizou-se como uma pesquisa interpretativista (MOITA LOPES, 1994), pois buscou compreender o fenômeno estudado por meio da análise dos sentidos-significados. Para a análise e interpretação dos dados, foi utilizado o conceito de tópico (JUBRAN, 1992; KOCH, 1995). Os resultados demonstraram que as ações de violência são constituídas como instrumentos de mediação nos contextos de interação social dos participantes e nessas interações sociais são construídas suas identidades como pessoas violentas

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of Spanish-speaking men in the United States with limited English proficiency following their release from prison. The study specifically examined the experiences of these men in their efforts to access health care treatment, housing, education, and employment in Central Pennsylvania. An empirical, phenomenological research design was employed that used self-stigma, critical race, and self-determination theories for in-depth interviews with 8 men who spent 5 to 24 years in prison. A tiered coding method was used to generate 6 interconnected themes that tell the story of these men's lives: (1) a genuine desire to change (2) a lack of effective communication, (3) a sense of dependency on others, (4) a persistent lack of social support, (5) a perception of resentencing by society, and (6) a perception of entrapment with little possibility to get out. This study promotes positive social change by demonstrating a need for more effective transitional programs for this demographic and additional need for counselor training programs to actively recruit and train more Spanish-speaking counselors for work with this population. The results can be used by counselors and mental health providers to develop programs that would support families such as job training and second language instruction within correctional facilities. Implementing these recommendations is expected to reduce crime and facilitate the healthy integration of this population into the mainstream society post incarceration.

According to recent studies, there is an interethnic research gap that exists regarding Portuguese-American parents' knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). The purpose of this study was to explore Portuguese-American parents' knowledge of the symptoms and diagnosis of ADHD, how they think it impacts their children's education, learning, behaviors, and what interventions they use to address the behavioral issues and learning disabilities that result from ADHD. Guided by family systems theory, with the premise that children are an integral part of the family and cannot be understood in isolation from the family, this qualitative, phenomenological study used semi-structured interviews to gather visual and verbal data to understand Portuguese-American parents' knowledge, perception, attitude, and awareness of ADHD. Inductive analysis allowed for identification of themes and categories of transcribed data and field notes until saturation was reached. Multiple recurring themes found in this study indicated (a) lack of knowledge of ADHD, (b) lack of information provided by professionals, (c) opportunity to be educated about this neurodevelopmental mental health disorder, and (d) lack of the appropriate resources for these parents to get the necessary help needed to cope with their children's symptoms and diagnosis of ADHD. The results could bring about positive social change for this underserved ethnic minority group of people on how to deal and understand their children's learning and behaviors related to ADHD.

<p><strong>Syfte: </strong>Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur användning av LAS företrädesrätt och bemanningsföretag har påverkat IF Metall och arbetsgivare inom tillverkningsindustrin.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Metod: </strong>Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ undersökning i form av intervjuer samt använt sekundärdata så som böcker, tidningsartiklar, forskningsrapporter och internetkällor.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Teoretiskt perspektiv: </strong>Vi har använt oss av Atkinsons teori, kapitalbindning, nyttomaximeringsteori, transaktionskostnadsteori samt psykologiskt och transaktionellt kontrakt.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Empiri: </strong>I empirin redovisas arbetsdomstolens domar om kringgående av LAS. Därefter följer redovisning av intervjuer som genomförts med IF Metall, Svenskt Näringsliv, Bemanningsföretagen och tre företag inom tillverkningsindustrin.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Slutsats: </strong>Vår undersökning visar att IF Metall och arbetsgivare enbart kan komma överens om ett kollektivavtal upprättas. Den nya förstärkta företrädesrätten tycks ha skapat än mer osämja arbetsgivare och IF Metall:s fackförbund emellan.</p>

<p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>SAMMANFATTNING</strong></p><p><strong>Bakgrund </strong>Forskning inom området mat och hälsa har en lång tradition. Däremot finns lite forskning om den praktiska dagliga verksamheten för dietister. Dietister är nöjda med sitt arbete men det finns ett flertal faktorer som gör dem frustrerade såsom t ex tidsbrist. Dietisters verksamhet bygger på konceptet mat och hälsa. Folkhälsa har diskuterats mycket senaste åren då välfärdsjukdomar är ett växande problem. För att förbättra folkhälsan har <em>Fysisk aktivitet på Recept</em> (FaR®) tagits fram, vilket kan skrivas ut av all legitimerad sjukvårdspersonal, inkluderat dietister. Tidigare studier har undersökt hur implementeringen av FaR® har fungerat. I dessa studier har inga dietister medverkat utan enbart annan vårdpersonal. Resultatet har varit att vårdpersonalen har haft en positiv inställning till FaR® men det prioriteras lågt i ett kort perspektiv pga. tidsbrist och bristande rutiner. Arbetssituationen hos vårdgivare har visat sig vara oacceptabel på många sätt enligt tidigare studier.<strong> Syfte</strong> Att studera dietisters arbetssituation utifrån idén att införa ett nytt arbetsinstrument (FaR®) i den dagliga dietistverksamheten. <strong>Metod</strong><strong> </strong>Individuella kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med en frågeguide för att skapa struktur i intervjuerna. Därutöver var intervjun flexibel. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades. Därefter lades de in i en kvalitativ datamatris för vidare analys. <strong>Material</strong><strong> </strong>Fem dietister inom primärvården från Stockholmsområdet intervjuades. De var mellan 30 och 45 år och hade arbetat mellan 3 och 14 år som dietister. <strong>Resultat</strong><strong> </strong>Intressanta teman såsom dietisters åsikter om hälsa, syn på FaR®, deras arbetssituation samt tvetydiga inställning till arbetet resulterade studien i. <strong>Diskussion</strong><strong> </strong>Dietisterna skulle gärna jobba med helhetsaspekten på hälsa där det både finns rum för kost och fysisk aktivitet. I nuläget krävs dock prioriteringar till fördel för kosten, för att leverera en bra kvalitet på patientbehandlingarna. Vilka faktorer som påverkar arbetstillfredsställelse analyserades i en teorimodell. Vissa starka, positiva faktorer kan väga upp andra negativa, missgynnande faktorer så att tillfredsställelsen av arbetssituationen ändå upplevs bra. <strong>Konklusion</strong><strong> </strong>Denna undersökning har fått agera katalysator för att belysa dietisters arbetssituation. Skulle mer tid och resurser läggas på dietister inom sjukvård och hälsovård skulle möjligtvis FaR® användas i större utsträckning.  </p> / <p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background</strong> Research of food and health has been explored for centuries. However little is known about the practical daily work situation among dietitians. Dietitians are mostly satisfied with their work but they also feel frustrated over the fact that they have time limitations. The dietitians work is a mix of food and health. During the last years the public health has been debated because of the rising problems with metabolic diseases. To enhance the public health, a new kind of prescription has been developed, called <em>Physical activity on Prescription</em> (PaP). All authorized medical personnel, including dietitians, have been given the right to prescribe it. The implementation of PaP has previously been studied. No dietitians were represented in these studies but other medical personnel were. They had a positive attitude to PaP but in a short perspective they have given it a low priority because of lack of time and routines. In many ways the work situation among health care providers is unacceptable, according to previous studies. <strong>Objective</strong> To study the work situation among dietitians with PaP as an illustrating factor. <strong>Methods</strong> Individualized qualitative interviews were conducted with the assistance of a question sheet to create a structural interview result. To investigate further, the interview was also flexible. The interview was recorded and then transcribed. The transcribed material was then put into a qualitative data matrix for analysis. <strong>Subjects/Settings</strong> Five dietitians from the primary care in Stockholm were interviewed. They were 30 to 45 years old and have worked as dietitians for 3 to 14 years. <strong>Results</strong> The study has resulted in many interesting themes such as dietitians view on health and on PaP, their work situation and their ambiguous feelings towards their work. <strong>Discussion</strong> The dietitians in this study would like to have more time to work with both nutrition and physical activity but for now they are forced to set their priorities to nutrition to deliver a good quality to their patients. Work satisfaction was analyzed in a theory model to determine which factors were the most important. Strong and positive factors showed to compensate for the more negative and disfavorable factors. The result was that the dietitians felt satisfied with their work situation even though there were some unfavorable factors involved. <strong>Conclusions</strong> This study became a way to discover and highlight the work situation among dietitians. If more time and money would be invested in health care, dietitians would have an opportunity to possibly use PaP in a greater extent.  </p>

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur användning av LAS företrädesrätt och bemanningsföretag har påverkat IF Metall och arbetsgivare inom tillverkningsindustrin.  Metod: Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ undersökning i form av intervjuer samt använt sekundärdata så som böcker, tidningsartiklar, forskningsrapporter och internetkällor.  Teoretiskt perspektiv: Vi har använt oss av Atkinsons teori, kapitalbindning, nyttomaximeringsteori, transaktionskostnadsteori samt psykologiskt och transaktionellt kontrakt.  Empiri: I empirin redovisas arbetsdomstolens domar om kringgående av LAS. Därefter följer redovisning av intervjuer som genomförts med IF Metall, Svenskt Näringsliv, Bemanningsföretagen och tre företag inom tillverkningsindustrin.  Slutsats: Vår undersökning visar att IF Metall och arbetsgivare enbart kan komma överens om ett kollektivavtal upprättas. Den nya förstärkta företrädesrätten tycks ha skapat än mer osämja arbetsgivare och IF Metall:s fackförbund emellan.

The purpose of the essay is to draw attention to my approach in relation to a boy I choose to call Emil, and how I can increase my understanding of his behavior. I explore conceivable reasons for why he breaks down so often, especially when other children are given attention. Is he simply unusually egoistic, and to a large degree only able to see to his own interests, or am I overlooking the real reasons for his actions. In order to explain the reasons for Emil’s apparent frustration in sensitive situations, I explore the significance of attachment theory. I argue about possible effects of Emil’s parents’ way of describing and guiding him, as well as how I, and my colleagues, risk fulfilling and amplifying negative expectations. As the prime reason for his repeated sense of unhappiness seems linked to a lack of empathy, I explore different ways of understanding this, as well as how I might contribute to fostering compassion. As members of a team, we strive to act in a proper way in relation to Emil. I discuss in what way our consensus can serve the good purpose, as well as how our perceived "truths" risk strengthening dominance. As stressful situations contribute to feelings of irritation regarding Emil’s apparent jealousy, I try to explain how getting closer to one’s own darkness can contribute to an increased sense of respect and understanding. Finally, I examine current views on leadership, where the previous approach focusing largely on the mediation of knowledge has given way to new ideas that stress the importance of creating security as a basis for all learning. I discuss the high demands that are placed on the pedagogue’s sense of awareness and mediating in the children’s acquisition of knowledge, as well as the importance of creating trusting relations.