Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:52:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jaime de Oliveira Soares.pdf: 443262 bytes, checksum: 328172ed74888e67570fd3f3bb4d7473 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-13 / This research has as discusses the role that the people exercise in the formation of political identities and the construction of political speeches by political movements in Latin America: who are the people in contemporary mass society? What is the weight of its role in social and political events of national social formations in recent history? This study therefore aims to partially reconstruct the main path along the "theory of populism" in the work of academic researcher and teacher, born in Argentina and settled in England, Ernesto Laclau, with the aim of studying its core elements, besides presenting its ruptures and continuities front of historical events. Another objective, also sought, is to present part of the debate of ideas involving currently such a theory within the social sciences, presenting some of his interlocutors. We believe that these objectives are critical to the future that we can produce policy analysis about the political movements in countries (national social formations) in Latin America / Esta pesquisa tem como problemática o papel que o povo exerce no processo de formação das identidades políticas e na construção de discursos políticos por movimentos políticos na América Latina: quem é o povo na sociedade de massas contemporânea? Qual é o peso de seu papel nos acontecimentos sociais e políticos das formações sociais nacionais na história recente? O presente trabalho, portanto, tem por objetivo principal reconstruir parcialmente o longo trajeto da teoria do populismo na obra acadêmica do pesquisador e professor, nascido na Argentina e radicado na Inglaterra, Ernesto Laclau, com o intuito de estudar alguns seus elementos centrais, além de apresentar suas rupturas e continuidades frente aos acontecimentos históricos. Como objetivo específico, também almejado, pretende apresentar parte do debate de ideias que envolve, atualmente, tal teoria dentro das nas ciências sociais, apresentando alguns de seus interlocutores. Pensa-se que tais objetivos são fundamentais para que se consiga futuramente produzir análises políticas acerca das movimentações políticas nos países (as formações sociais nacionais) da America Latina

The aim of this Master’s thesis is to examine how public librarians, including school librarians, express themselves about librarians in library journals. Questions asked in the study are: How is the knowledge, tasks and roles of librarians described? How do the librarians describe their own and others perceptions of librarians? Are there any contradictions in how the librarian profession is described and if so, what are they? 56 articles from three Swedish library journals, Biblioteksbladet, bis and DIK-forum in the period from 1990 to 2007, are analysed. The theory and method used is discourse analysis. Concepts from Ernesto Laclau’s and Chantal Mouffe’s discourse theory, such as elements and nodal points are used in an analysis model in four steps. The results show that the knowledge of librarians is described with such words as information, literature, tacit knowledge and their ability to systematize and organize. Tasks and roles described are mostly related to the pedagogical aspects of the librarian profession, such as teaching, conveying and guiding. Two positions are distinguishable in the discourse, information and culture. Both are important parts of librarians’ work, but the information tasks are sometimes seen as too dominating at the expense of the cultural aspects of the librarians’ work. The contradiction can also be seen in how perceptions about librarians are described. The librarians express, often in a negative tone, that others mostly associate them with books. They also express that they need to be more visible and become better at communicating the knowledge of their profession.

Literary debates about canon occur regularly. In the summer of 2006 such a debate took place in Sweden. The aim of this Master thesis is to examine the debate to identify the different discourses and what they reveal about ideas concerning the role of literature in society. The empirical material used for the analysis consists of 46 debate articles from three important newspapers. The combined theory and method applied is the discourse analysis described in Ernesto Laclau’s & Chantal Mouffe’s discourse theory. The discourse theory is combined with Pierre Bourdieu’s theories about power, habitas, taste, field and capital. In this thesis the authors of the articles are looked upon as belonging to the cultural elite. They have positions in the literary field that, in relation to other positions, give them symbolic capital. In the theories of Bourdieu culture and education play a dominant role in the reproduction of differences between social classes and are an important arena for symbolic violence. Relating to research it is in this thesis argued that the canon in the school literary curriculum plays the same role. This is also related to questions of power and the post-modern situation. Four discourses are identified in the analysis: The global discourse, the national discourse, the self-Bildung discourse and the teaching discourse. The discourses are in the analyses connected to cultural views and illustrated in a theoretical model. / Uppsatsnivå: D

The SAB-system (Klassifikationssystem för svenska bibliotek) was created almost a hundred years ago and has often been viewed as insufficient among many academic libraries. KB (Kungliga Biblioteket) has therefore decided to change to DDC (Dewey Decimal Classification) which means that the Swedish libraries are now facing a challenge that involves a change to a new classification system. This is a comparable situation that occured when the SAB-system was created. The aim of this Master’s thesis is to examine the Swedish library sector´s approach to a new classification system, first to the SAB-system and then to DDC. The Swedish library sector is demarcated into four groups. The character of the discussion, approaches and discourses within the discussions and the consequences of the approaches will be examined. Discourse analysis serves as theory and method. Laclau’s and Mouffe’s discourse theory is used together with Neumann´s three step model to analyze the research material that consists of different types of documents. The analysis shows three discourses in the material about the switch to DDC: the rational discourse, the economic discourse and the instrumental discourse. Three discourses were also found in the material about the switch to the SAB-system: quality discourse, the national discourse and the rational discourse. Five approaches are identified within these discourses: the uncritical approach, the national approach, the rational approach, the economic approach and the instrumental approach.

The aim of this thesis is to study through discourse analysis how users talk about librarians and the librarian profession and what perceptions they have regarding it. I have tried to do this by asking the questions: How do the users describe librarians and the librarian profession? Are there any patterns in what they say? The method and theory I have used is Laclau and Mouffes’ discourse theory and partially structured interviews. The material consists of interviews with eight users that are both women and men, both students and members of the public and they were between 25 and 50 years old. In the material I found two discourses: the discourse about librarians and the discourse about the librarian profession. I have come to the conclusion that images exists of librarians being older women who are caring and forthcoming but also inaccessible. The image of the librarians also includes them working with books in different ways and that they read and know a lot about literature. When the users have talked about the librarians’ knowledge they have described that librarians have different knowledge based on what they work with. Some librarians work with inter library loans and therefore have more knowledge about that.

Swedish libraries are currently discussing andimplementing the classification system Dewey (DDC).Most libraries in Sweden have used the Swedishclassification system SAB until recently. In 2008 TheRoyal Library of Sweden (KB) decided to switch fromSAB to DDC. Many academic libraries chose to followKB’s example and by January 2011 a switch was made atKB and at many academic libraries.The aim of this master thesis is to examine and analysethe library sector’s discussion that occurred before andduring the Swedish switch from SAB to DDC. The mainquestion asked is; What is being discussed about Dewey2010-2011 and in what manner? To organize and anlysethis discussion discourse analysis is used. Discourseanalysis by Laclau and Mouffe is used both as methodand theoretic ground. The material which has beenanalyzed consists of the library sector’s discussions andstatements found in journals, reports, blogs, meetingprotocols and seminar.The analysis shows four different discourses; thetransition discourse, the spatial discourse, the instrumentaldiscourse and the public library discourse. In conclusion,it can be argued that the transfer to Dewey has gone froma planning stage to an implementing stage at academiclibraries. Public libraries in Sweden have shown lessinterest and are considered to be in a planning stageparallel to the academic libraries implementing stage.Earlier discussions about pros and cons with Dewey havealmost disappeared 2010-2011 and discussions of spatialmatters are frequently occurring in the material. / Program: Bibliotekarie

Should libraries first and foremost be a source of free informationwhere the citizens can find whatever information they want, or dothe librarians have a responsibility for what kind of works theypresent to people on their shelves? A wild debate broke out inSwedish media in September 2012, after the artistic leader ofKulturhuset in Stockholm; Behrang Miri decided to weed out allthe Tintin albums from the children´s library Tiotretton. Hewanted to start a debate on stereotypes in children´s fiction, andwhat damage they do to children who face them. The purpose ofthe thesis is to carry out a discourse analysis of this media debate,and to identify the different views that are expressed on thedemocratic mission of the libraries, what media they shouldpresent. The method and theory is based on the discourse theory ofErnesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe and their concepts are used toarrange the analysis around certain themes that build up twodifferent discourses; “Freedom of information discourse” and the“Weeding out discourse”.The two main questions are: What views of the public librariesselection of works are expressed in the Tintin debate in Tiotretton,and how do the views relate to each other? What concepts arespecific for the debate, and what meanings do they get in thesedifferent views?In the concluding chapter I discuss which consequences theseopposing opinions can have for the future selection processes ofthe library. / Program: Bibliotekarie

Ce mémoire approfondit le concept d'imaginaire politique par une recherche théorique de l'impact des imaginaires dans la constitution des phénomènes sociaux à travers lesquels se forment et se transforment les entités, les enjeux et les litiges que l'on estimera d'ordre politique dans une société. À partir d'une analyse discursive et thématique de l'emploi du syntagme « imaginaire politique » dans un corpus de textes scientifiques contemporains, au cours de laquelle sont mises en lumière les associations d'idées élaborées par les auteurs, est relevée la nécessité de chercher le rôle joué par les imaginaires dans l'institution du politique. Suite à une revue critique de la littérature permettant de systématiser la notion d'imaginaire comme un réseau ouvert en mutation constante reliant des axes de signification et des formes d'expression ancrant ces derniers dans l'expérience vécue, les liens intrinsèques entre imaginaires et politique sont développés selon trois théories du politique dégagées dans les œuvres de Cornelius Castoriadis, Paul Ricœur et Ernesto Laclau. Cette analyse théorique démontre que les écarts toujours renouvelés entre sens et expression affectent l'institution du politique dans les trois perspectives suivantes. Ils mènent à revoir la teneur des significations sociales motivant la remise en question des manières établies de penser et d'agir. Stimulés par l'échange d'opinions effectué au sein d'un espace public d'apparition, ils conduisent à remanier les pré-conceptions de la justice et, en participant à la synchronisation des perceptions de la violence, ils concourent à l'intégration de la communauté et à sa durée. Surtout, en étant à la base d'un ethos d'universalité, ils parviennent à donner une représentation de la totalité des différences sociales, objet ontologiquement impossible trouvant une manifestation momentanée dans les imaginaires. ______________________________________________________________________________

Denna studie fokuserar på yrkeskunnandet på Barn - och fritidsprogrammet, ett av gymnasieskolansyrkesprogram. Programmet utbildar till yrken inom pedagogiska och sociala yrkesområden samtinom fritids- och friskvårdssektorn och har yrkesutgångar som väktare, personlig assistent,elevassistent, personlig tränare, barnskötare och personal inom boende för personer medfunktionsnedsättning. Eleverna uppmanas att skaffa sig både en yrkesexamen ochhögskolebehörighet.Inom en socialkonstruktionistisk ram och med en diskursteoretisk ansats studeras huryrkeskunnande konstrueras. Studiens empiri utgörs av styrdokument, informationsmaterial ochgymnasieskolors hemsidor. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för yrkeskunnandet på nyaBarn - och fritidsprogrammet. Med en diskursteoretisk ansats studeras den bild som de olikaaktörerna ger av yrkeskunnandet på programmet. Studieobjektet är inte programmets egentligainnehåll utan den bild som konstrueras i det empiriska materialet. I tolknings- och analysarbetetframträder flera diskurser som alla har olika stor betydelse och som får varierat utrymme.Hälsodiskursen och ledarskapsdiskursen är de som framträder tydligast. Andra diskurser som görsig gällande är demokratidiskursen, samverkansdiskursen och identitetsdiskursen. En viktig faktorsom hela tiden är central är arbetsmarknaden som i tolkningsarbetet framträder som en nodalpunkt.

This thesis examines the Swedish Democrats relationship to an islamophobic worldview. The party developed from the racist party Bevara Sverige Svenskt (Keep Sweden Swedish) and is today the third largest party in Sweden, which gives them a powerful position in the society. It is therefore important to investigate their view on minorities, and in this case Muslims. In this thesis I examine the Swedish Democrat’s material during the election campaign the years of 2006, 2010 and 2014 using Ernesto Laclau’s and Chantal Mouffe’s discourse theory. This theory makes it possible to examine implicit and explicit relationships an islamophobic worldview and provides the tools to relate it to a greater context. The research questions of this thesis are how the Swedish Democrats fixate the meaning of the words Muslim, Swedish and culture, as well as how the election material differs between the years. The conclusions suggests that the Swedish Democrats produce a islamophobic worldview by picturing Muslims as a monolithic mass and articulate an antagonism between West and East, we and the Other. The islamophobic worldview produced by the Swedish Democrats is not only a Swedish phenomenon but also a part of a Western islamophobia industry, which is common to Radical Right-wing parties in Europe.