Using an applied anthropological approach focused on language, this study investigates the relationship between linguistic, racial, and ethnic identities and school resource access in the context of migration. This project examines how these identities are established, experienced, reified, and resisted by various school actors. Exposing power at its roots through a multi-level analysis, this research informs on how people negotiate socialization into particular identities, propelling them toward positions in school and society of varying opportunity. Focused on two elementary schools in a central Florida county that has been and is undergoing demographic changes, this work offers applications for educational institutions dealing with migration. One school’s orientation to meeting needs of non-English speaking students significantly impacts its ability to reach and form relationships with parents and improve the educational outcomes for children. The second school’s culturally responsivity makes it possible to meet higher expectations. At both schools, there is a disconnect between how the school and state think about people and how those people think about themselves, which erases groups and raises questions about how well students from those groups are served. While the ideologies promoted in dominant society are constraining, struggles and resistance do impact and reorganize the system. This study provides recommendations for the research site and similar schools to address linguistic, racial, and ethnic educational inequity. For instance, this project emphasizes the need to provide linguistically appropriate school-home communication. It also offers a means for the schools and state to better serve students by understanding the nuances of identity through more appropriate measures of race and ethnicity.

Denna studie behandlar den offentliga debatt som uppstått i kölvattnet av januaripartiernas förslag om språktest för medborgarskap som presenterades i januari 2019. Genom ett diskursanalytiskt tillvägagångssätt undersöks de språkideologier och de synsätt på medborgarskap som kommer till uttryck i debattinläggen. Utifrån ambitionen att placera in diskursproducenternas positioner har studien tillämpat Bourdieus fältteori och med denna riktat fokus mot två specifika fält: det politiska och det vetenskapliga fältet. Vidare har studien fokuserat på de motsättningar som föreligger i debatten, inom såväl som mellan fälten.      Resultaten redovisar att det framkommer olika ståndpunkter som kan förklaras utifrån vilken position aktörerna talar och vilket fältkapital de besitter. Studien visar också att de språkideologiska villkoren förändrats under det senaste decenniet i synen på svenska språkkunskapers roll i naturalisationsprocessen. Detta har lett till att den språkvetenskapliga forskningen gett sig in i debatten och argumenterat mot språkkrav för medborgarskap. Resultaten indikerar att de två fälten bryter mot det kunskapsutbyte som karaktäriserat svenskt språkpolitiskt beslutsfattande där vetenskaplig forskning legat till grund för diskursiva slutsatser.

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This dissertation examines emerging cultural attitudes, language ideologies, and discursive practices among Navajos and Navajo speakers through the lens of new media technologies on the Navajo Nation. New media such as cell phones and the Internet are significant features of contemporary Navajo communities, and act as both a context for and medium of linguistic and cultural vitality and transformation. They have opened new spaces for Navajo language use, generated emergent uses of the Navajo language, and increased the spaces of language contact and change. This dissertation explores the ways in which ideologies of language and technology have shifted and converged, and describes multiple instances of the transformative nature of technology through the mediation of communities. New technologies do not exist in a vacuum, and novel practices emerge from a wide range of existing observable styles, registers, and norms in Navajo communities. Significant are the shifting geographies of communication, expansion of social networks, and increased circulation of bilingual Navajo hane’, or publicly shared “tellings” in the form of stories, jokes, and information that accompany them. This work analyzes the appearance of new media technologies in contemporary Navajo society within broader discourses of modernity and narratives of progress about, and among, Navajo communities. New technology is not incommensurate with existing practice; rather, emergent practices are part of the broader circulation of Navajo identities, defined here as a process linked to social activities, and emergent practices index the ways in which some Navajos are “doing” community in unexpected ways and unexpected places. New expressive forms and genres have appeared, including a migration to English emails by previously monolingual, illiterate elders, the transition of traditionally oral genres to widely circulated emails, and the appearance of locally created bilingual hip-hop music. These are crucial developments that have immediate implications for Navajo language vitality and cultural continuity. / text

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:53:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alejandro Lorenzetti.pdf: 3597745 bytes, checksum: 2a9c81e249205ef95f46fb964a88e1a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to describe the current status of the Inter-cultural at the Frontier Schools Program (PEIF) in schools in the cities of Santo Tomé (Argentina) and São Borja (Brazil), and to understand the effects of the implementation of this Linguistic Policy in this region, having by general objective to understand the place of languages at the PEIF. For this, we conducted a field study in four schools, two on each side of the border, during two years in which we traveled collecting documents, photographs, recording numerous interviews and video records, and accompanying teachers in training activities and some classes. We construct a theoretical framework linked to Applied Linguistics, articulating the discussions about culture, globalization and postcoloniality with Ethnography, Linguistic Policy, and the contributions of dialogical discourse analysis (ADD) of Bakhtin's Circle. From this conjunction was born the organization "by layers" of this text, and the analysis "from top to bottom" proposed by the Circle. In the first layer (introduction) we present the research and a historical course of more than a decade of PEIF. We also review and present a brief analysis of the academic productions that focus on this Program, specifically Brazilian theses and dissertations, aiming to insert this work in an academic context whose constitution is also part of the history of the object of study. From this set we obtained some conclusions that later integrate our general analysis. In the second layer (first chapter) we make a historical presentation of the formation of the field of Linguistic Policies as a political and scientific-academic subject, guided by three authors: Ricento (2000) Spolsky (2004) and Johnson (2013). We link PL with PEIF and present issues related to bilingualism, Linguistic Ideologies (IL) and Inter-comprehension between languages. In the third layer (second chapter) we problematize frontiers in the new context. Using the theoretical framework of postcoloniality (APPADURAI, 2004; BABHA, 2006; G. CANCLINI, 1989, 1997; SILVA, 2012) we introduce the questions related to hybrid cultures and identities, to national identities, and especially to the panorama of the studied region through the concept of ideolandscape. The fourth layer (third chapter) develops the ethnographic methodology, supported by Erickson (1985) and Blommaert and Jie (2006) and we briefly present dialogic discourse analysis (ADD) (VOLOSHINOV, 2006). The fifth layer (fourth chapter) concentrates the discussion of the data constructed from the field experience, through the ADD, generating categories of analysis. It is here that, in the voices of protagonists, the different operations of the IL, the effects of the PL and the conflicts arising from the different conceptions operating in the teachers and institutions involved appear. A sixth layer contains the conclusions of the paper, which summarize a history of good political intentions, institutional conflicts, deletions, and historical and emotional ties between the protagonists, the actors who wrote an important chapter in frontier integration and education at the frontiers. / Este trabalho visa descrever a atualidade do andamento do Programa Escolas Interculturais de Fronteira (PEIF) em escolas das cidades de Santo Tomé (Argentina) e São Borja (Brasil), e compreender os efeitos da implementação desta Política Linguística (PL) nessa região, tendo por objetivo geral compreender qual o lugar das línguas no (PEIF). Para isso, realizamos um estudo de campo em quatro escolas, duas em cada lado da fronteira, durante dois anos em que viajamos coletando documentos, fotografias, registrando numerosas entrevistas e video filmagens, e acompanhando professoras em jornadas de formação e algumas aulas.Construimos um referencial teórico ligado à Linguística Aplicada, articulando as discussões sobre cultura, globalização e pós-colonialidade com a etnografia, a Política Linguística, e os aportes da análise dialógica do discurso (ADD) do Circulo de Bakhtin. Dessa conjunção nasceu a organização “por camadas” deste texto, e a análise “de cima para abaixo” proposta pelo Circulo. Na primeira camada (introdução) apresentamos a pesquisa e um percurso histórico de mais de uma década do PEIF. Também resenhamos e apresentamos um breve análise das produções acadêmicas que focam neste Programa, específicamente teses e dissertações brasileiras, visando inserir este trabalho num contexto acadêmico cuja constituição também faz parte da história do objeto de estudo. Desse conjunto obtivemos algumas conclusões que mais tarde integram nossa análise geral. Na segunda camada (primeiro capítulo) fazemos uma apresentação histórica da formação do campo das Políticas Linguísticas como disciplina política e científico acadêmica, guiados por três autores: Ricento (2000) Spolsky (2004) e Johnson (2013). Vinculamos a PL com o PEIF e apresentamos questões relativas ao bilinguismo, as Ideologias Linguísticas (IL) e a Intercompreensão entre línguas. Na terceira camada (segundo capítulo) problematizamos as fronteiras no novo contexto. Utilizando o arcabouço teórico da pós-colonialidade (APPADURAI, 2004; BABHA, 2006; G. CANCLINI, 1989, 1997; SILVA, 2012) introduzimos as questões relativas às culturas e identidades híbridas, às identidades nacionais e especialmente traçamos o panorama da região estudada por meio do conceito de ideopaisagem. A quarta camada (terceiro capítulo) desenvolve a metodologia, de cunho etnográfico, apoiados em Erickson (1985) e Blommaert e Jie (2006) e apresentamos brevemente a análise dialógica de discurso (ADD) (VOLOSHINOV, 2006). A quinta camada (quarto capítulo) concentra a discussão dos dados construídos a partir da experiência de campo, por meio da ADD, gerando categorias de análise. É ali que aparecem, nas vozes de protagonistas, as diferentes operações das IL, os efeitos da PL e os conflitos decorrentes das diferentes conceições operando nos docentes e nas instituições envolvidas. Uma sexta camada contém as conclusões do trabalho, que resumem uma história de boas intenções políticas, conflitos institucionais, apagamentos, e laços históricos e emocionais entre os protagonistas, os agentes que escreveram um capítulo importante na integração fronteiriça e na educação nas fronteiras.

English is used worldwide as a native, second and foreign language and as a language of international communication. The uses and status of English in Sweden have been discussed in terms of its influence and ubiquity, with its presence in daily life leading some to consider English could be better described as a second, rather than foreign, language in the country. This study analyses how English is presented in the Swedish educational television series Pick a colour and considers how this can be related to the status of English as a global language and specifically the use of English in Sweden. This paper uses an approach drawing on nexus analysis, together with content analysis, to trace the key language ideologies surrounding English presented in Pick a colour and its surrounding texts, and to locate them within the context of the existing discourses in place. Analysis reveals that the series and related documents make attempts to move away from traditional native speaker British English and American English models of the language, and towards a “Global English” not linked to any specific geographical region and with a focus on communicative competence. However, as British English and American English and native-speaker models of the language are not directly challenged in the documents, and are given the greatest prominence in the series, it seems moving away from the status quo is still difficult in practice. The Swedish settings shown in the series, and emphases on the use of English in pupils’ daily lives allude to English being approached in a way more similar to a second, rather than foreign language in Sweden.

Abstract I study language discourses of Japan Finns: the ways they talk about languages. This research is a part of the language-in-motion studies. Informants are native Finns who are born in Finland and have moved to Japan. There are 14 informants in this study, and the recorded data consists of fourteen interviews and seven pair conversations. The amount of data is about 24 hours altogether. Firstly, the aim is to find out what kind of roles and meanings informants give to Finnish, Japanese and English respectively. In other words, what kind of language discourses they construct. Secondly, I study, whether corpus assisted discourse analysis is suitable for analyzing Finnish spoken data. In the context of globalization, languages are no longer tightly connected to time and space but they move along with people. Globalization changes views about languages and multilingualism, hence new concepts are needed to describe them. I observe language discourses in the context of globalization as well as in the social and language ideological context of Japan. Discourses construct reality and I understand them as social and shared entities. In the analysis, corpus methods and discourse analysis are combined: clusters and semantic preference help me to detect how discourses consist of linguistic features. Cluster analysis reveals different roles of languages. Finnish is a language of identity, Japanese is described as a skill and English as a tool. Clusters create contrasts, voices and estrangements, that tell about relations between languages and speakers’ relationship with a language. Semantic preference shows, how language choices and language identity are context bound. Possibility of change is seen in discourses, though self-expression and emotions and importance of language are preserved in migration. / Tiivistelmä Tutkin väitöskirjassani japaninsuomalaisten kielidiskursseja eli kielistä puhumisen tapoja. Työni on osa liikkuvuuden sosiolingvistiikkaa käsittelevää tutkimusta. Informanttini ovat Suomessa syntyneitä ja Japaniin muuttaneita suomalaisia. Aineistona on 14 haastattelua ja 7 parikeskustelua eli yhteensä noin 24 tuntia nauhoitetta. Selvitän ensinnäkin, millaisia tehtäviä ja merkityksiä informantit antavat kielille – suomelle, japanille ja englannille – eli millaisia kielidiskursseja he rakentavat. Toiseksi tarkastelen, miten puhutun suomenkielisen aineiston korpusavusteinen analyysi toimii ja millaisen kuvan se antaa kielidiskursseista. Kielet eivät globalisaation myötä ole aikaan ja paikkaan sidottuja vaan liikkuvat ihmisten mukana. Globalisaatio muuttaa käsitystä kielistä ja monikielisyydestä, joten nykyistä monikielisyyttä luonnehtimaan tarvitaan uusia käsitteitä. Tarkastelen informanttieni kielidiskursseja paitsi globalisaation näkökulmasta myös Japanin yhteiskunnallisessa ja kieli-ideologisessa kontekstissa. Diskurssinäkemykseni pohjautuu siihen näkökulmaan, että kieli rakentaa todellisuutta, ja näen diskurssit sosiaalisina ja jaettuina. Menetelmäni on diskursseja ja korpustutkimusta yhdistävä: klustereiden ja semanttisen preferenssin avulla hahmotan, mistä lingvistisistä osista diskurssit koostuvat. Klusterianalyysi paljastaa kielten työnjakoja. Suomi on identiteetin kieli, mutta japanista puhutaan kielitaidon ja englannista välineellisyyden kautta. Klustereissa luodaan kontrasteja, ääniä ja etäännytyksiä, jotka kertovat kielten välisistä suhteista sekä puhujan suhteesta kieliin. Semanttisen preferenssin analyysissa näkyy kielivalintojen ja -identiteettien kontekstisidonnaisuus. Diskursseissa on läsnä muutoksen mahdollisuus, mutta itseilmaisu, tunteet ja kielen merkitys säilyvät siirtolaisuudessa.

The Language Introduction Program (Swe. Språkintroduktionsprogrammet) is a preparatory education intended for immigrant students to acquire a minimum grade of grade-school level knowledge of several different subjects. The most important subject measured both by the time allocated to it, and as manifested in educational and political discourse, is Swedish. The English language is commonly afforded high status on the linguistic market in Sweden. However, students within the language introduction program stem from all linguistic backgrounds whereas some students occasionally speak L1 or L2 English prior to arriving in Sweden. This study examines how students within the language introduction program perceive and values English in a setting where Swedish is (1) mandated for continuation on to the national education programs and (2) discursively positioned within and outside of the program as the key to successful integration. The study aims to answer how and what conceptions of English as a phenomenon are narratively constructed in this ideological site i.e. the school, and what authorities on implicit and overt language ideology are addressed. The study analyses the narratives of three students enrolled on the Language Introduction Program. To do this, the study uses a mix of a language portrait and an interview. The results show that English has a strong status in regards to practical utility, but English is not equally regarded in terms of community and social togetherness. In this, the Language Introduction Program is a strong ideological site and ideological modifier.