The purpose of this study was to examine the leadership style that is preferred by the employees from a psychosocial- and productive perspective. The study is based on Lewin et al´s research on the three leadership styles authoritarian, democratic and laissez-faire leader. This is a quantitative study with a questionnaires as data collection method. The sample consisted of individuals working in a municipality in one nursing unit. The data from the survey were analyzed by three separate one-way depending ANOVA in IBM statistics SPSS 22. As the leadership groups were compared with each other, the results showed, just as previous research, that the democratic leadership style was most preferable from both psychosocial and productivity perspective. The study is based on three hypotheses, hypotheses 1 and 3 was confirmed by the results while hypothesis 2 was rejected. Employees prefer a leadership style that promotes participation and collaboration that creates a foundation to work independently. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilken ledarstil som är önskvärd av medarbetarna ur ett psykosocialt- och produktivt perspektiv. Studien baseras på Lewin et al´s forskning om de tre ledarstilarna auktoritär, demokratisk samt låt-gå ledaren. Detta är en kvantitativ studie med enkäter som datainsamlingsmetod. Urvalet bestod av individer som arbetar på en kommun inom omvårdnadenheten. Datat från enkäten analyserades genom tre separata envägs-beroende ANOVA i IBM statistics SPSS 22. Då ledarstilsgrupperna jämfördes med varandra visade de på, precis som tidigare forskning, att den demokratiska ledarstilen var mest önskvärd ur både psykosocialt och produktivitetsperspektiv. Studien baseras på tre hypoteser, hypotes 1 och 3 bekräftades genom resultatet medan hypotes 2 förkastades. Medarbetarna föredrar en ledarstil som förespråkar delaktighet och samverkan som skapar en grund och trygghet för ett självständigt arbete.

Denna kvalitativa studie syftar till att utveckla kunskap och öka förståelsen om socialsekreterares upplevelser av arbetsmotivation och upplevelser av motiverande ledarskap. Utifrån fem semistrukturerade intervjuer och med utgångspunkt i teorierna, situationsanpassat ledarskap och tvåfaktorteorin visar resultatet i studiens tematiska analys, på upplevelser där relationsinriktat ledarskap är otydligt och bristande från socialtjänstens ledare. Vidare visar resultaten att socialsekreterarnas inre arbetsmotivation  påverkas negativt av ledarnas bristfälliga förmågor och  engagemang att uppmuntra sin personal. Socialsekreterarnas upplevda motivation skapas istället från trivsel med sina arbetskollegor samt i mötet med klienter. / This qualitative study aims at developing knowledge and increasing understanding of social workers 'experiences of work motivation and experience of motivational leadership. Based on five semi- structured interviews and based on the theories, situational leadership and two-factor theory, the results of the study's thematic analysis show experiences in which relationship-oriented leadership is unclear and inadequate from the social services leaders. Furthermore, the results show that the social workers 'internal work motivation is adversely affected by the leaders' inadequate abilities and commitment to encourage their staff. The social motivators' perceived motivation is instead created from well-being with their colleagues and in the meeting with clients.

The purpose of this study was to examine the leadership styles adopted by school principals and their influence on the job performance of primary school teachers in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. The study was designed to gain insight into the kinds of leadership styles presently used, the leadership preference of principals, the perceptions of the teachers and principals regarding the leadership styles of the principals and the effect of the leadership styles on teachers’ performance. The main research question that guided this study was: Which leadership styles are most commonly used by primary school principals in the Tigray region and what is their effect on the performance of teachers? A mixed-methods research design was used with questionnaires as well as a focus group interview as means of data-collection. One hundred and seventy eight principals and 446 teachers comprising 69% male and 31% female teachers participated in the study. The path-goal leadership questionnaire as well as a self-constructed questionnaire to measure teacher performance was self-administered to collect data from the selected principals and teachers, which secured a 97% response rate. During the qualitative phase, eight supervisors participated in the focus group interview. The questionnaire data were analysed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted and presented in a clear and logical manner. The principals and teachers indicated that all the leadership styles, except the directive leadership style, have a positive impact on the teachers’ performance. Furthermore, the supportive leadership style is the most frequently used style. Importantly, age, qualifications and experience as independent variables had an effect on teachers’ performance. The data also indicated a statistically significant relationship between the job performance of teachers and the leadership styles employed by the principals. The study results make a contribution to the research on the relation between leadership styles and teachers’ performance, especially since no study has been conducted on this issue in the Tigray region of Ethiopia before. It was possible to make several meaningful recommendations for implementation in the Tigray region. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

The general purpose of this study was to determine the impact that the match of mentor and mentee had on the success of the mentoring relationship. The leadership style of the mentor and the reporting style of the mentee were determined and effectiveness of the match was determined. This was done in order to determine the impact of the match between mentor and mantee on the quality of the mentoring relationship. The study was conducted within a local government milieu with a sample of 34 mentors and 40 mentees, thus a total of 40 mentoring pairs. These participants were all part of a formal mentorship programme within the organisation. The findings indicated that when leadership and reporting styles of mentoring pairs are complementary it will not have a significant effect on the success of the mentoring relationship. It furthermore suggests that careful consideration should be given in selecting participants before initiating mentorship programmes. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:20:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jetro Ferreira da Silva.pdf: 420754 bytes, checksum: 1aca498401696540e665c9207f7b45c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-10-28 / The prevalence of stress and burnout has become a common problem in the caring professions. Pastors, ministers and their families are not an exception. Available evidence from personal reflections and scientific research demonstrates that pastoral work is today an occupation with high rates of burnout. However, little attention has been paid to this topic. This study seeks to contribute to knowledge regarding the development of preconditions of the syndrome, and individual resources that help to prevent and control it among Adventist pastors in the city of São Paulo. The text begins with an analysis of burnout, based on selected references that include general information regarding symptoms, sources and measurement instruments; interventions and preventative methods. Burnout research demonstrates that religious ministers are generally treated like other caring professionals, with little consideration to the spiritual dimension that is crucial to the lives of clergymen. For this study, pastoral burnout is related specifically to a deficient relationship with God, environment and work conditions, as well as personal characteristics. Finally, the study suggests strategies to help decreasing and preventing the syndrome among the pastors who are the focus of this study.(AU) / A prevalência de stress e burnout tem-se tornado um problema comum nas profissões assistenciais. Os ministros religiosos não são uma exceção. Evidências disponíveis derivadas de reflexões pessoais e pesquisas científicas demonstram que o trabalho pastoral hoje é uma ocupação com elevados índices de burnout; entretanto, pouca atenção tem sido dada a este assunto. O presente estudo tem como objetivo contribuir para o desenvolvimento de pré-condições e recursos individuais de forma a prevenir e controlar os efeitos da síndrome entre os pastores adventistas da cidade de São Paulo. Inicialmente o trabalho apresentará uma análise do burnout, a partir de referências selecionadas, incluindo informações gerais sobre os sintomas, antecedentes, instrumentos de medida; intervenções e métodos preventivos. Os ministros religiosos geralmente são tratados como outros profissionais de ajuda nas pesquisas de burnout, com pouca consideração para com a dimensão espiritual, o que é prioritário ou mesmo vital para o clero. Para este estudo, em particular, o burnout pastoral será considerado como um fator resultante de um relacionamento deficiente com Deus. Somam-se a isso as condições ambientais do trabalho e as características pessoais. Finalmente, o estudo pretende sugerir estratégias para ajudar na redução e na prevenção última da síndrome entre os pastores em foco.(AU)

Esta pesquisa investiga a relação entre estilo de liderança, definição de uso do sistema de controle gerencial (SCG) e inovação tecnológica. Fundamentado nas lideranças transformacional e transacional (Bass, 2008) e no modelo de alavancas de controle de Simons (1995a), este estudo explora o estilo de liderança como um antecedente da definição de uso do sistema de controle gerencial e o papel de seus diferentes tipos de uso (sistemas de crenças, interativo, diagnóstico e de restrições) na inovação tecnológica. A partir de um levantamento realizado com questionário eletrônico, os achados obtidos geram contribuições relevantes para a pesquisa em controle gerencial, ainda que não possam ser atribuídos de maneira generalizada, mas sim em relação a uma amostra de 164 empresas, a maioria de grande porte. Com emprego da técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais, foram encontradas evidências de que a liderança transformacional é um antecedente do uso interativo do SCG e do sistema de crenças. Este achado demonstra que o líder transformacional confere significado ao sistema de crenças e seu comportamento cria condições para que as informações geradas pelo SCG sejam revistas, questionadas e discutidas entre os membros da organização, favorecendo a identificação de estratégias emergentes. Os achados também indicam que os sistemas de crenças, interativo e de restrições influenciam positivamente a inovação tecnológica. Significa que três, dos quatro tipos de usos previstos por Simons (1990, 1991, 1995a), afetam a inovação, ou seja, as empresas que buscam inovar em seus produtos e processos devem investir: (i) na comunicação de valores e objetivos relacionados à inovação, (ii) em discussões que envolvam diferentes áreas e membros do negócio, considerando inclusive a possibilidade de interagir com agentes externos à empresa, e ainda, (iii) no estabelecimento de limites que especifiquem um campo de ação para os colaboradores, fornecendo foco e gerando condições para que as ações pretendidas sejam desenvolvidas. Os achados também confirmam que o setor econômico influencia a inovação tecnológica. Não foram obtidas evidências empíricas que suportem a hipótese de que a liderança transacional seja um antecedente da definição de uso dos sistemas diagnóstico e de restrições. Esperava-se que a liderança transacional tivesse influência, de alguma forma, sobre tais sistemas pelo fato de suas propostas serem condizentes com uma perspectiva de gestão mais rígida. Contudo, para a amostra analisada, isso não foi confirmado. A hipótese de que a definição de uso do sistema de controle diagnóstico influencia positivamente a inovação tecnológica também não foi confirmada, sugerindo que a inovação não está plenamente integrada ao SCG das organizações pesquisadas. Este achado indica que as empresas precisam melhorar seus modelos de gestão para que possam formalizar metas e objetivos específicos sobre inovação e identificar desvios em relação à estratégia pretendida. Em síntese, esta pesquisa expande o conhecimento sobre controle gerencial indicando as formas que as organizações fazem uso do SCG para promover a inovação e obter renovação estratégica. / This research investigates the relationship between leadership style, definition of management control system (MCS) use and technological innovation. Based on transformational and transactional leadership (Bass, 2008) and on the Simons\' (1995) levers of control model, this study explores leadership style as an antecedent of the definition of management control system use and the role of its different use types (beliefs, interactive, diagnostic and boundary systems) on technological innovation . From an electronic questionnaire survey, the findings obtained generate relevant contributions in management control research, even though they may not be assigned a generalized way, but in relation to a sample of 164 organizations, mostly large. With use of the technique of structural equation modeling, evidence that transformational leadership is an antecedent of the interactive use of the MCS and beliefs system were found. This finding demonstrates that the transformational leader gives meaning to the belief system and his behavior creates conditions so that the information generated by the MCS are reviewed, questioned and discussed among members of the organization, facilitating the identification of emergent strategies. The findings also indicate that the belief systems, interactive and boundary positively influence technological innovation. It means that three of the four types of uses provided by Simons (1990, 1991, 1995a) affect innovation, in other words, organizations seeking to innovate in its products and processes should invest : (i) in the communication of values and goals related to innovation, (ii) in discussions involving different areas and members of the business, including considering the possibility of interacting with external agents, and also (iii) in the establishment of boundaries that specify a field of action for employees, providing focus and creating conditions for the intended actions to be developed. The findings also confirm that the economic sector influences technological innovation. No empirical evidence supporting the hypothesis that the transactional leadership as an antecedent of the definition of use of diagnostic and boundaries systems were obtained. It was expected that transactional leadership had influence in some way, on such systems because their proposals are consistent with the prospect of tighter management. However, for the sample analyzed, it was not confirmed. The hypothesis that the definition of diagnostic control system use positively influences technological innovation was also not confirmed, suggesting that innovation is not fully integrated into the MCS of the surveyed organizations. This finding indicates that companies need to improve their management models to enable them to formalize specific goals and objectives on innovation and identify deviations from the intended strategy. In summary, this study expands the knowledge in management control indicating the ways in which organizations use their MCS to promote innovation and obtain strategic renewal.

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Bakgrund: Generation Z har precis börjat göra sitt intåg på arbetsmarknaden, en generation som bryter normer när det kommer till motivationsfaktorer och traditionella livsmönster. Generationstypiska drag är ett väletablerat fenomen som formar både individers identitet och värderingar utifrån samhället de lever i. När det sker ett generationsskifte på arbetsmarknaden är det viktigt att ledare ser över sitt ledarskap för att hitta strategier för att hantera de generationsskiften som komma skall. Tidigare forskning visar att det i stora drag finns likheter i de olika generationernas ledarskapspreferenser men att det också existerar fundamentala skillnader som kan komma att skapa stora problem när Generation Z nu kliver in på arbetsmarknaden. I dagsläget finns det ingen forskning som berör ledarskap ur både perspektivet som anställd från Generation Z och från perspektivet som ledare. Det fattas även kvalitativa studier som mer djupgående fokuserar på Generation Z i relation till ledarskap. Genom att inkludera och jämföra dessa två perspektiv i en och samma undersökning har studien för avsikt att bidra med ny kunskap inom området för att visa hur ledare rent praktiskt bör leda den nya arbetskraften. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med en djupare förståelse för hur dagens ledarskap bör anpassas till den nya arbetskraften, Generation Z. Detta genom att studera Generation Zs och ledares preferenser och erfarenheter av ledarskap för att vidare sätta dessa perspektiv i relation till varandra. Metod: Studien är kvalitativ karaktär med en tvärsnittsdesign och ett abduktivt angreppssätt. Undersökningens empiriska material består av sammanlagt 8 semistrukturerade intervjuer, 4 intervjuer från perspektivet av Generation Z och 4 intervjuer från perspektivet av ledare med erfarenhet av att leda generationen. Slutsats: Studiens resultat visar tydligt att det ledarskap som undersökningens respondenter tillhörande Generation Z efterfrågar liknar det transformativa ledarskapet av Bass (1985). Det transformativa ledarskapet är även i linje med den syn vi tolkat att undersökningens respondenter från ledarnas perspektiv har på ledarskap. Däremot visar studiens resultat att den tranformativa ledarskapsteorin är för trubbig för att direkt applicera på Generation Z. Det krävs därför ytterligare teori som tillägg för djupare förståelse som komplement till de komponenter som Bass (1985) menar att det transformativa ledarskapet består av. Detta presenteras slutligen i studiens egenutformande ramverk. / Introduction: Generation Z has just begun to enter the labor market, a generation that breaks the standards of traditional life patterns and previous motivational factors. Generational patterns are not a new phenomenon, it shapes both individuals' identity and values based on the society in which they live. During a generational shift in the labor market, it is important for leaders to review their leadership in order to find strategies for managing the next generation. Previous research indicates that there are broadly similarities in the different generations' leadership preferences, but also some fundamental differences that can create major problems when Generation Z now enters the labor market. In present time, there are no research that have explored leadership from both the perspective of Generation Z and from the perspective of leaders. There are also no qualitative studies that have focused more in depth on Generation Z in relation to leadership. By including and comparing these two perspectives in the same study, the study intends to contribute with new knowledge in the area in order to show how leaders practically should lead the new workforce. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to gain a deeper understanding of how leadership should be adapted to the new generation, Generation Z. This by studying the preferences and experiences of leadership from Generation Z and leaders to further compare these two perspectives in relation to each other. Method: The study is of a qualitative nature with a cross-sectional design and an abductive approach. The survey's empirical data consists of a total of 8 semi-structured interviews, 4 interviews from the perspective of Generation Z and 4 interviews from the perspective of leaders with experience of leading Generation Z. Conclusion: The result of the study shows that the leadership demanded by the respondents belonging to Generation Z is similar to the transformational leadership presented by Bass (1985). The transformational leadership is also in line with the view that we have interpreted that the respondents from the leaders’ perspective have of leadership. However, the results also show that the transformational leadership theory is too narrow to be directly applied to the Generation Z workforce. Therefore, additional theory is needed as an addition to reach a deeper understanding that can be used to complements to the components that Bass (1985) believes that the transformational leadership consists of. This is presented in the study’s self-designed framework.

When an individual goes from employee to leader, they are forced to go through a role-formation process. The first-time leader faces new challenges from both employees and organizations that he or she must deal with. The first-time leader may either need to create a new relationship with the employees or already have a relationship which changes during role formation. The aim is to highlight, through interviews with seven first-time leaders in Sweden, the factors that are relevant to role formation and the challenges the leader faces.The empirical material is analyzed through Pierre Bourdieu's sociological theory and Hersey och Blanchard's leadership theory. The concepts of Symbolic Perspective and Role Exit are also central to the study. The results show that experiences, culture and values are factors that can influence individuals in the formation of a new role. It also shows that the leadership style is both shaped by role formation but also helps to create the role. Furthermore, the analysis shows that the first-time leader needs selfawareness to identify development opportunities and meet the requirements and expectations that exist.

The main subject of the diploma thesis is analysis and an analysis of management styles and an impact on a working environment, interpersonal relationships and a work activities performance of employees at the Human Resources Agency of the Army of the Czech Republic. The first part of the diploma thesis is focused on theoretical aspects of the issue. It defines the basic concepts of management theory, concepts related to employee leadership and provides an overview of approaches to employees based on leadership styles. At the same time, within the psychology of work, the area of employee motivation, their evaluation and remuneration is presented. Theoretical part of the diploma thesis is at the same time defines the concept of work environment, during which interpersonal relationships at the workplace are further defined. The second part diploma thesis describes the Human Resources Agency, its organizational structure, including the definition of the scope of individual departments and sections and on the basis of a sociological survey using a questionnaire and conducting a guided interview, the influence of the applied leadership style of individual department heads as a manager on the work environment and interpersonal relationships is analyzed. Based on the evaluation of the obtained...