published_or_final_version / abstract / Linguistics / Master / Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics

This study investigated how students’ perceptions of course choice and structure are related directly or indirectly to their sense of autonomy, academic emotions, and use of self-regulated learning strategies with the hypothesis of significant relationship of these two areas of instructional practice to those outcome variables. In this study, a total of 601 undergraduate students were asked to respond to surveys on perceived choice, perceived structure, perceived autonomy, academic emotions, and self-regulated learning strategies as well as basic course characteristic information measure with regard to a specific course in which they were enrolled. Structural Equation Modeling suggested both students’ perceived choice and perceived structure in the classroom had small but positive relationships to their perceived autonomy. Regarding the relationships between these two teaching strategies and academic emotions, the level of students’ perceived choice was directly associated only with higher feeling of enjoyment, but indirectly related to all four academic emotions with mediation of the level of perceived autonomy in the direction that one would predict (i.e, higher enjoyment and pride, lower anger and anxiety). On the other hand, perceived structure predicted those four academic emotions not only directly but also indirectly via sense of autonomy in predicted direction. Regarding their relationships with self-regulated learning strategies, neither perceived choice nor perceived structure directly predicted use of self-regulated learning strategies. However, their relationships were supported through the mediation of academic emotions, sense of autonomy, or both. This research helps to provide a clearer picture of autonomy supportive teaching. In particular, this study might help to understand how provisions of choice and structure, which are controversial instructional methods about autonomy supportive teaching, influence the entire process of learning including academic emotions and self-regulation of learning as well as sense of autonomy. / text

本研究旨在探討台灣綜合高中學生學習字彙時所運用的字彙學習策略，研究問題主要探討：學術學程及職業學程的學生在學習字彙時是否運用不同的字彙學習策略並找出其較常和較少使用之字彙學習策略，以及字彙學習高成就者和低成就者字彙學習策略之差異。藉此俾能提供英文老師幫助不同學程、成就的學生運用字彙學習策略，以期達到更佳的字彙學習成效。 本研究抽樣台北縣、市8所綜合高中共648位高三學生為調查對象，研究工具為字彙學習策略問卷與字彙能力測驗。分析方法主要採量化分析，包括獨立樣本t檢定、描述性統計、斯皮爾曼等級相關，本研究結果發現如下： 一、學術學程及職業學程的學生之字彙學習策略使用頻率具有顯著差異，學術學程的學生比職業學程的學生運用較多決定策略及記憶策略。 二、學術學程及職業學程的學生之字彙學習策略使用頻率排序相同，在發現字義部份依序為決定策略、社會策略；在鞏固字義部份依序為認知策略、記憶策略、後設認知策略、社會策略。 三、字彙學習高成就者和低成就者之字彙學習策略使用頻率具有顯著差異，高成就者比低成就者運用較多字彙學習策略。 最後，本文依據研究結果，提出老師英語教學上之應用及未來研究之建議。 / The purpose of this study was to investigate the vocabulary learning strategies used by comprehensive high school students in Taiwan. There were three questions focusing on the differences of use frequency of vocabulary learning strategies between academic-oriented and vocational-oriented students, the strategy use rank between these two groups of students, as well as the relation between vocabulary achievement and vocabulary learning strategy use frequency. A total of 648 students in Taipei City and Taipei County participated in the study. A vocabulary learning strategy questionnaire and a vocabulary achievement test were applied as instruments to obtain the data needed. Data from the students’ responses were computed and analyzed by means of independent-sample t-tests, descriptive statistics, and Spearman’s rank correlation. The findings of this study were summarized as follows. 1.There was a significant difference in vocabulary learning strategy use frequency between academic-oriented students and vocational-oriented students. The former applied more determination strategies to discover the meaning of a new word, and more memory strategies to consolidate the words encountered. 2.The ranking order of use frequency in vocabulary learning strategies by academic-oriented and vocational-oriented students was identical. In Part 1 (discovering the meaning of a new word), determination strategies were used most frequently, then followed by social strategies. In part 2 (consolidating the words encountered), cognitive strategies were used most frequently, followed by memory strategies, metacognitive strategies, and the last, social strategies. 3.There was a significant difference between good learners and poor learners in vocabulary learning strategy use frequency. Good learners applied more vocabulary learning strategies than poor learners to know an English word’s meaning. Based on the above results, some pedagogical implications for English teachers were developed and suggestions for future research were provided at the end of the study.

The purpose of this study is to examine pupils’ and teachers’ perspectives and use of language strategies when speaking English. Questions that will try to be answered are: What are the teachers’ thoughts about language strategies? In the subject English, which strategies do the pupils in 6th grade use? Which strategies to communicate are used most frequently by 6th graders when speaking English unprepared? To answer these questions, interviews with teachers were held. The pupils answered a survey and were observed while talking English. Earlier studies have showed that language learning strategies are an efficient tool for people learning a second language while overcoming their language skills shortcomings that might arise while communicating in a second language. This study concludes that language learning strategies have a significant part to play in the development of a communicative competence. The teachers emphasized the importance of a good learning environment, interaction and pupils’ awareness about the language learning process. The pupils reported that they used strategies such as paraphrasing and body language, which the observation later confirmed.

Second-graders were tested for negative transfer and retroactive interference using an A-B, A-D paradigm. Four-pair, word-number lists were aurally presented to the children. Subjects were classified as being whole-only encoders or multiple encoders by the use of a recall test presented after list one. Significant negative transfer and retroactive interference were found. The multiple encoders experiences less difficulty in learning the second list that did the whole-only encoders, but these two groups did no differ with regard to transfer or retroactive interference effects. The results were considered in the context of Martin's encoding variability hypothesis.

Thesis (M. Com. (Accountancy))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, School of Accountancy, 2014. / This paper reports the findings of an action research intervention designed to explore the student experiences of a lecturer’s role-modelling specific cognitive self-regulated learning (SRL) skills on third year Financial Accounting students’ motivation and strategies for learning. The intervention involved a series of enrichment tutorials with a pilot group of Financial Accounting III students at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. A mixed methods research approach was used in the study. Qualitative data was collected in the form of verbal and written feedback from group participants and the lecturer’s research diary. Quantitative data was gathered by means of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), which was used to measure the students’ motivations and strategies for learning before and after the intervention. The intervention involved a lecturer role-modelling specific learning skills through the use of active learning activities. The skills role-modelled focussed on the following MSLQ learning strategies: rehearsal, organisation, elaboration, critical thinking, meta-cognitive self-regulation, and time and study environment management. Results suggest that role-modelling in an active learning environment does help students to implement SRL skills and experience the value of using the skills. Students reported making changes to their learning approaches to Financial Accounting III as a result of the intervention. Additionally the study identified the need for students to be taught the academic discourse of financial accounting within the course content.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the difficulties newly arrived students encounter when they learn English, both from the perspective of students and of teachers, and how these difficulties materialise in the classroom. The study was carried out through interviews with teachers and newly arrived immigrant students on the language introductory program at an upper secondary school. Interviews were used to investigate teachers' and students' experiences and attitudes. The results show that the most significant difficulties the students encounter occur in connection with listening comprehension, and these appear when the students are tested in hearing comprehension. Important factors that influence students’ listening skills are, among other things, that the students learn two languages simultaneously, and also that they have not developed strategies for listening comprehension. It also emerged that both teachers and students use tools such as pictures in order to facilitate learning. Students also use Google to translate, to some extent. When examining both teachers' and students' responses, it was revealed that they have a negative attitude to learning Swedish and English simultaneously.  This is explained by the fact that they lose focus, and everything becomes confusing. In conclusion, the result shows that there are no advantages to having newly arrived students learn two languages at the same time. According to the participating teachers, the students must be well-grounded in the Swedish language before they start with English.

Nesta pesquisa tratamos de questões relacionadas ao ensino e à aprendizagem dos paradigmas verbais do espanhol a/por brasileiros. Tomamos como ponto de partida a hipótese de que, para obter resultados satisfatórios no ensino dos verbos do espanhol, em especial do modo indicativo, a aprendizes brasileiros, é necessário utilizar uma metodologia que obedeça a parâmetros didático-pedagógicos específicos sobre os sistemas verbais dos dois idiomas e que atenda às peculiaridades do nosso alunado. Tivemos por objetivos neste estudo: i) apresentar questões de ordem teórica sobre ensino de línguas próximas e ensino de gramática; ii) descrever e analisar os sistemas verbais do português do Brasil e do espanhol com ênfase no modo indicativo e identificar as convergências e divergências entre as duas línguas, em nível morfológico; iii) refletir sobre as consequências dessas convergências e divergências no processo de ensino e aprendizagem; iv) realizar uma pesquisa in loco com alunos e professores de um curso de licenciatura em Letras/Língua Espanhola; v) realizar um estudo sobre estratégias de aprendizagem e crenças sobre ensino e aprendizagem do sistema verbal da língua espanhola a/por brasileiros. O referencial teórico utilizado para o alcance desses objetivos conformou-se, sobretudo, nas contribuições de ALMEIDA FILHO (1995, 2002 e 2004), BARCELOS (2001, 2004 e 2010), BECHARA (2004), BELLO (1988), CÂMARA JR. (1977 e 2002), CYR (1998), DURÃO (1999 e 2004), FARACO e MOURA (1998), FRANCHI (2006), MIKI KONDO (2002), GARBUIO (2010), LLOBERA (1995), LUFT (1996), MASIP (1999), O´MALLEY E CHAMOT (1990), PORTO DAPENA (1987 e 1991), POSSENTI (1996), RAE (1996 e 2001), RICHARDS e LOCKHARTE (1998), SÁNCHEZ PÉREZ (1992 e 2000), SANTOS GARGALLO (1999 e 2004) e DICCIONARIO SOPENA (1984). Os resultados de pesquisa obtidos apontaram, grosso modo, que: i) Os alunos-informantes da investigação sentem dificuldade na aprendizagem dos verbos do espanhol e, tanto professores como alunos apontaram que as principais são as irregularidades verbais e a interferência da língua portuguesa; ii) os alunos-informantes utilizam muito pouco algumas estratégias de aprendizagem ou nunca utilizam a maioria delas; iii) as estratégias de aprendizagem são igualmente relevantes, tanto para o professor na preparação de atividades, como ferramentas para promover a aprendizagem dos paradigmas verbais, quanto para os alunos na construção desta aprendizagem; iv) apesar de discentes e docentes possuírem algumas crenças diferentes, há uma coincidência significativa em algumas delas entre ambos os grupos; v) com relação à hipótese central da pesquisa, a metodologia que mais se aproxima dos parâmetros didático-pedagógicos específicos sobre os sistemas verbais do português e do espanhol e que pode atender às peculiaridades do nosso alunado é aquela que é compatível com a gramática pedagógica. Dentre as contribuições da pesquisa, julgamos que a principal foi apresentar subsídios consistentes no desenvolvimento do campo das descrições linguísticas e metodológicas referentes ao ensino de verbos do espanhol a/por brasileiros que podem constituir-se como um ponto de partida para a implementação de ações concretas que contribuam para um ensino mais adequado e uma aprendizagem mais eficaz dos verbos do espanhol, especialmente os tempos do modo indicativo. / In this research we deal with issues related to the teaching and learning of the verbal paradigms of the Spanish language to / by Brazilians. Wetook as its starting point the assumption that, to obtain satisfactory results in the teaching of Spanish verbs, in particular the indicative mode, to Brazilian learners, it is necessary to use a methodology that meets the specific didactic-pedagogical parameters about the verbal systems of both languages and that suits the peculiarities of our students. We had the following goals for this study: i) present theoretical issues on the learning of similar languages and the teaching of grammar; ii) describe and analyze the verbal systems of the Portuguese and the Spanish languages with emphasis on the indicative mode and identify the convergences and divergences between both languages at the morphological level, iii) reflect on the implications of these convergences and divergences in the teaching and learning process; iv) conduct a survey with students and teachers of an undergraduate course in Language and Literature / Spanish Language, v) conduct a study on learning strategies and beliefs about the teaching and learning of the verbal system of the Spanish language to / by Brazilians. The theoretical basis for achieving these objectives conformed mainly on contributions from ALMEIDA FILHO (1995, 2002 and 2004), BARCELOS (2001, 2004 and 2010), BECHARA (2004), BELLO (1988), CÃMARA JR. (1977 and 2002), CYR (1998), DURÃO (1999 and 2004), FARACO e MOURA (1998), FRANCHI (2006), MIKI KONDO (2002), GARBUIO (2010), LLOBERA (1995), LUFT (1996) , MASIP (1999), O\'MALLEY and CHAMOT (1990), PORTO DAPENA (1987 and 1991), POSSENTI (1996), RAE (1996 and 2001), RICHARDS and LOCKHARTE (1998), SÁNCHEZ PÉREZ (1992 and 2000) SANTOS GARGALLO (1999 and 2004) and DICCIONARIO SOPENA (1984). The research results showed, broadly, that: i) The informant-students of this research have difficulty in learning the Spanish verbs, and both teachers and students pointed out that the main deficiencies are the verbal irregularities and the interference of the Portuguese language, ii) the student-informants use very little learning strategies or never use most of them, iii) learning strategies are equally relevant for both the teacher when preparing activities, such as tools to promote the learning of verbal paradigms, and for the students in the construction of learning; iv) although some students and teachers have different beliefs, there is a significant coincidence in some of them between both groups; v) with respect to the central hypothesis of this research, the methodology that most closely matches the didactic-pedagogical parameters about the verbal systems of the Portuguese and the Spanish languages and that can meet the peculiarities of our students, is the one that is compatible with the pedagogical grammar. Among the research findings, we believe that the most relevant one was to present consistent subsidies in developing the field of linguistic and methodological descriptions for the teaching of the Spanish verbs to / by Brazilians which might constitute as a starting point for implementing concrete actions, contributing to a more appropriate education and more effective learning of Spanish verbs, especially the indicative mode tenses.

A aprendizagem social (AS) é a aprendizagem facilitada pela observação ou interação com outro indivíduo ou com produtos produzidos pelo mesmo. Para aprender socialmente, animais, humanos e não-humanos, possuem estratégias para utilizar ou não informações socialmente disponíveis, definindo quando e de quem copiar o comportamento. Um tema discutido atualmente é cultura cumulativa (CC) em animais não-humanos: a capacidade de uma população acumular aperfeiçoamentos de técnicas ao longo do tempo por meio da AS. Este estudo teve como objetivos investigar (1) se os macacos-prego são capazes de aprender socialmente aprimoramentos de técnicas já estabelecidas; (2) quais vieses de transmissão social e estratégias de AS são utilizadas pelos macacos-prego; e (3) examinar a influência de 4 fatores cognitivos (ensino, linguagem, imitação e prossocialidade) e 4 fatores sociais (scrounging, monopolização do recurso pelos dominantes, falta de atenção para o comportamento de inovadores de baixo status social e conservadorismo comportamental) na difusão de novos comportamentos e argumentar como esses fatores afetariam o desenvolvimento de uma CC simples. Para atingir estes objetivos apresentamos duas caixas-problema para um grupo de macacos-prego selvagens: uma com três estágios de dificuldade progressivos (caixa-problema de alimentos) e a outra com dois (caixa-problema de suco). Estas caixas-problema tinham como finalidade introduzir novos comportamentos no grupo e induzir aprimoramentos de técnicas já estabelecidas. Com relação ao primeiro objetivo (1), utilizando a Networkbased diffusion analysis nós identificamos a AS por observação próxima do estágio mais complexo da caixa-problema de suco. Com isso inferimos que os macacos-prego são capazes de adquirir, através da AS, técnicas mais complexas e eficientes de uso de ferramentas. Isso somado com o aprendizado observacional, nos permite afirmar que estes macacos-prego possuem a capacidade de reconhecer que um comportamento sendo produzido por outro indivíduo é mais eficiente que o próprio, e a flexibilidade para mudar para este comportamento alternativo. A respeito do segundo objetivo (2), ao analisar os viéses de transmissão social nós encontramos que os indivíduos tendem a observar preferencialmente os indivíduos mais proficientes e os indivíduos subordinados e que machos subordinados observam mais os coespecíficos que machos dominantes. Por fim (3), a respeito dos fatores sociais que afetam o desenvolvimento da CC, encontramos que os indivíduos dominantes tendem a monopolizar os recursos. A monopolização, contudo, não parece ter interferido negativamente na AS de aprimoramentos de técnicas. É possível que a grande tolerância que os macacos-prego têm com seus coespecíficos compense a influência negativa que a monopolização dos recursos poderia gerar. Não encontramos evidências de que os outros fatores sociais influenciaram negativamente a AS, e com isso, o desenvolvimento da CC. Em relação aos fatores cognitivos, não encontramos evidências de ensino, prossocialidade ou comunicação significativa e não pudemos avaliar a ocorrência de emulação ou imitação. Podemos concluir que esses fatores não são necessários para a AS de aprimoramentos de técnicas. Para aprender socialmente um aprimoramento de técnica que está além da capacidade de inovação individual, contudo, é provável que mecanismos com maior fidelidade de AS, como a emulação, sejam necessários. Acreditamos que caso a emulação seja suficiente para o desenvolvimento de uma CC simples em animais não humanos, os macacos-prego tem o potencial para desenvolvê-la. Já que (i) eles possuem a capacidade de reconhecer um comportamento mais eficiente e a flexibilidade de mudança de comportamento, (ii) evidências em cativeiro apontam que macacos-prego podem emular um comportamento e (iii) as populações tendem a ser tolerantes / Social learning (SL) is learning that is facilitated by the observation of, or interaction with, another individual or its products. When learning socially, animals, both human and non-human, employ strategies to access and use (or not) socially provided information. These strategies define when and from whom to copy a behaviour. A topic that is currently being discussed is the occurrence of cumulative culture (CC) in nonhuman animals: the population capacity to accumulate technical/behavioural improvements over time through SL. The objectives of this study were to investigate (1) whether monkeys are able to socially learn improvements of established techniques; (2) which social transmission biases and SL strategies were used by the capuchin monkeys; (3) the influence of 4 cognitive factors (learning, language, imitation and prosociality) and 4 social factors (scrounging, tendency of dominant individuals to monopolize resources, lack of attention to low-status inventors and conservative behaviour) in the diffusion of new behaviours and then argue how these factors would affect the development of a simple CC. We presented a group of capuchin monkeys with two puzzle boxes, one with three progressively complex stages (food-box) and other with two stages (juice-box). These puzzle boxes were developed to introduce new behaviours into the repertory of the group and induce improvements of established techniques. Regarding our first goal (1), by using the Network-based diffusion analysis we identified the occurrence of SL by close observation of the most complex stage of the juice-box. Thereby we infer that capuchin monkeys can acquire, through SL, more complex and efficient techniques of tool use. This, together with observational learning, allows us to affirm that these monkeys have the capacity to recognize that a behaviour performed by another individual is more efficient than their own, and the flexibility to change to this alternative behaviour. About our second objective (2), the social transmission biases, we found that individuals tend to observe more the most proficient individuals and subordinate individuals and that subordinate males observe more than dominant males. Lastly (3), regarding the social factors, we found that dominant individuals tend to monopolize the resources. Monopolization, however, does not seem to have negatively interfered with the SL of technical improvements. It is possible that the increased tolerance that capuchin monkeys have regarding their coespecifics compensates the negative influence that the monopolization could generate. We found no evidence that the other social factors influenced negatively the diffusion of information, and thus the development of CC. Regarding the cognitive factors, we did not find evidence of teaching, prosociality or significant communication. We could not evaluate the occurrence of emulation or imitation. Thus, we can conclude that these factors are not necessary for the SL of simple technical improvements. Observational learning is enough for this learning to occur. To socially learn a technical improvement that is beyond the capacity of individual innovation, however, it is likely that mechanisms with higher SL fidelity, such as emulation, are necessary. Considering that capuchin monkeys can (i) recognize that a behaviour is more efficient than their own and the flexibility change to that behaviour, (ii) that there is evidence, in captivity, that capuchin monkeys can emulate behaviours and (iii) that populations tend to be tolerant. If emulation is sufficient for the development of a simple CC in non-human animals, we believe that capuchin monkeys have the potential to develop it

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAROLINA APARECIDA ARAUJO TENCA.pdf: 1393499 bytes, checksum: caa87d7c7d249b92eb05aece94b64fdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-13 / The implementation of projects that aim to develop the self-regulation of learning and, consequently, the development of attitudes that contribute to the study has been shown to be an important tool for improving the academic performance of students and the quality of education. From this perspective this work has as its main objective to identify attitude changes on the studies, manifested by students of the 5th year of primary school, participating in a learning self-regulation project. As specific objectives we aimed to (a) verify the views of students and teachers about the learning developed by the students during the project; (b) review, based on the narratives of the students, the possible transfers of learning that occurred during the project to everyday situations; and, finally, (c) to evaluate the influence of the project for the improvement of self-regulation, the volitional control and student procrastination in school situations. The first part of the work was intended to address the linked concepts of self-regulation of learning that are intertwined in social cognitive theory and learner autonomy in study situations. In the second chapter, before starting the methodology and the partial presentation of data, we designed a Brazilian educational scenario in which there has been bibliographic survey research on the subject, beyond the approach of quality indicators and the National Curriculum Parameters document that guides the work of teachers in the formation of autonomy and the development of attitudes of students in different curriculum subjects. The fieldwork took place in three rooms of the 5th year of primary school, from three public schools in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, which adopted the self-regulation of learning project. Research participants were three teachers and eighty-five students. The data collected through interviews and narratives highlight the perception of change by the students regarding their attitudes towards learning moments. The interviews of the teachers go back to what was described by students as they also highlight behavioral changes in group living and also in the way of relating to learning situations. Overall, the data support the premise that an intervention project can contribute to better relations of students with their own learning process. / A implanta??o de projetos de interven??o que objetivam desenvolver a autorregula??o da aprendizagem e, consequentemente, o desenvolvimento de atitudes que contribuam para o estudo tem se mostrado como uma importante ferramenta para a melhoria do desempenho escolar dos alunos e da qualidade educacional. A partir dessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho teve, como objetivo geral, identificar as mudan?as de atitudes sobre os estudos, manifestadas por alunos do 5? ano do Ensino Fundamental, participantes de um projeto de autorregula??o da aprendizagem. Como objetivo espec?fico buscamos: (a) verificar as concep??es dos alunos e professores acerca das aprendizagens desenvolvidas pelos alunos durante o projeto; (b) analisar, a partir das narrativas dos alunos, poss?veis transfer?ncias das aprendizagens ocorridas durante o projeto para situa??es cotidianas; e, por fim, (c) avaliar a influ?ncia do projeto para a melhoria da autorregula??o, do controle volitivo e da procrastina??o dos alunos em situa??es escolares. A primeira parte do trabalho se destinou a abordar os conceitos atrelados a autorregula??o da aprendizagem que est?o imbricados na teoria sociocognitiva e, a autonomia do aluno em situa??es de estudo. No segundo cap?tulo, antes de iniciar a metodologia e a apresenta??o parcial dos dados, foi elaborado um panorama educacional brasileiro em que foi realizado um levantamento bibliogr?fico de pesquisas sobre a tem?tica, al?m da abordagem dos indicadores de qualidade e o dos Par?metros Curriculares Nacionais, documento que orienta o trabalho do professor quanto ? forma??o da autonomia e o desenvolvimento de atitudes dos alunos nas diferentes disciplinas curriculares. A pesquisa de campo ocorreu em tr?s salas de 5? ano do Ensino Fundamental, de tr?s escolas p?blicas da Regi?o Metropolitana de Campinas, que adotaram o projeto de autorregula??o da aprendizagem. Foram participantes da pesquisa tr?s professoras e oitenta e cinco alunos. Os dados coletados por meio de narrativas dos alunos e entrevistas com os professores evidenciam a autopercep??o de mudan?a por parte dos alunos com rela??o ?s suas atitudes perante os momentos de aprendizagem. As entrevistas das professoras v?o ao encontro do que foi descrito pelos alunos, pois elas tamb?m destacam mudan?as comportamentais na conviv?ncia em grupo e tamb?m na forma de se relacionar com as situa??es de aprendizagem. Al?m desses instrumentos, para a an?lise quantitativa dos dados, os alunos preencheram o Invent?rio de Processos de Auto-Regula??o da Aprendizagem (IPAA), instrumento validado que comp?e o projeto; o Question?rio de Estrat?gias de Controle Volitivo (QECV); e o Question?rio de Procrastina??o (QP) em quatro momentos: um antes do in?cio do projeto, dois durante e um ao final do projeto. Pela an?lise dos dados referentes a estas tr?s vari?veis, ? poss?vel concluir que, tamb?m quantitativamente, o programa Travessuras do Amarelo foi eficaz para promover a autorregula??o das estrat?gias de aprendizagem, promover a voli??o dos alunos e baixar a sua procrastina??o na realiza??o de tarefas escolares. De maneira geral, os dados corroboram a premissa de que um projeto de interven??o pode colaborar para melhores rela??es dos alunos com seu pr?prio processo de aprendizagem.