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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Les enjeux du foncier au Vietnam à travers la nouvelle réforme de 2014 / Land use issues in Vietnam through the new reform of 2014

Nguyen Leroy, Marie-Lan 07 December 2016 (has links)
Ces dernières années, les questions foncières constituent au Vietnam le premier sujet de saisine des juridictions étatiques. Entre expropriations abusives, opacités des attributions foncières et ententes avec le secteur privé, de vives contestations se sont élevées autour des modalités de gestion de la terre.C'est dans ce contexte qu'une nouvelle loi foncière entre en vigueur en juillet 2014. Cette réforme vise à créer les conditions d'une conciliation entre deux objectifs qui peuvent apparaître a priori contradictoires : apaiser les tensions liées à la terre, tout en intensifiant l'exploitation de la ressource foncière afin d'atteindre l'objectif d'industrialisation du pays à l’horizon 2020, tel que défini par le Parti Communiste Vietnamien.Pour autant, le véritable enjeu de la nouvelle loi n’est pas d’ordre juridique, mais politique. Les tensions foncières sont aujourd’hui d’une telle ampleur que l’absence de réaction de la classe dirigeante correspondrait à un aveu d’échec dans sa mission de gérer le foncier au nom du peuple. Toutefois, l’intervention de l’Assemblée nationale ne s’est pas manifestée à travers une nouvelle règlementation plus rigoureuse de la gestion foncière. La réponse donnée par les pouvoirs publics est celui de l’autorégulation des acteurs du foncier. / In recent years, land issues in Vietnam are the main subject of complaints received by state institutions. Between abusive expropriation, vagueness of land allocation and agreement with the private sector, wide spread protests have arisen around land management procedures.In this context, a new land reform came into force in July 2014. This law aims to reconcile multiple objectives that may appear a priori contradictory: to ease tensions related to land, while intensifying the exploitation of land resources to achieve the goal of becoming an industrialized nation by 2020, as declared by the Vietnamese Communist Party.However, the real issue of the new law is not legal, but political. Land tensions today are of such magnitude that the lack of response by the ruling class would correspond to an admission of failure in its mission to manage land resources. The National Assembly’s intervention did not take a form of a more stringent regulation of land management. The response given by the authorities is the self-regulation of land stakeholders
42

Sociedade civil global e a construção dos direitos humanos

Barros Filho, Mario Thadeu Leme de 24 June 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:27:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mario Thadeu Leme de Barros Filho.pdf: 618382 bytes, checksum: b2dabdaaa82c760068bc25eb995a4110 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This thesis aims to analyze the role of the global civil society before the international institutions for the construction of the human rights, comprehended as intercultural. It will defend that, in the legal pluralistic universe, the human rights must be conceived by an intercultural paradigm, in order to overcome the debate about cultural universalism vs. relativism. Firstly, it aims to understand how a new theory of law, which allows the participation of new actors in the global scenario, can present itself as counter-hegemonic. Then, it will try to observe in which moment and in which political context the concept of global civil society starts to appear more frequently, with a view of identifying the historical conditions that enabled the creation and reproduction of different speeches on it. Finally, after having presented the thesis on interculturalism, it will highlight the relevant aspects connected to the participation of the civil society before the United Nations, bringing the empirical experience of the Committee on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women / Este trabalho objetiva analisar o papel da chamada sociedade civil global nas instituições internacionais para a construção dos direitos humanos interculturalmente compreendidos. Defenderá que, dentro do universo do pluralismo jurídico, os direitos humanos devem ser concebidos através de um paradigma intercultural, a fim de superar o debate universalismo x relativismo cultural. Em primeiro lugar, visará entender em que sentido uma nova concepção de direito, que permita a participação de novos atores no cenário mundial, poderá se apresentar como contra-hegemônica. Em seguida, procurará observar em que momento e em que contexto político o conceito de sociedade civil global começa a surgir com mais freqüência, almejando identificar as condições históricas que possibilitaram a criação e a reprodução de diferentes discursos a seu respeito. Por fim, após apresentar as teses do interculturalismo, traçará um quadro sobre aspectos relevantes ligados à participação da sociedade civil na Organização das Nações Unidas, trazendo como estudo de caso a experiência empírica do Comitê da Convenção Sobre a Eliminação de todas as formas de Discriminação contra a Mulher
43

Estado pluralista? o reconhecimento da organização social e jurídica dos povos indígenas no Brasil / Is Brazil a multiethnic state?:recognition of indigenous peoples and legal organization in Brazile

Silva, Luiz Fernando Villares e 28 May 2013 (has links)
Cada povo indígena possui um sistema de organização social, aí incluídas as ordenações jurídicas. O estudo das diversas ordenações jurídicas dos povos indígenas e suas relações com os direitos nacionais fez nascer a Antropologia do Direito e, mais tarde, o conceito de pluralismo jurídico. Esse conceito é central para saber como o Estado brasileiro e o Direito dele emanado lida com a multiplicidade de ordenações jurídicas que regulam as comunidades e povos indígenas no Brasil. Trabalhado esse conceito, e fixado o conteúdo e a importância do direito dos povos indígenas de ter respeitadas sua organização social e jurídica, foi feita minuciosa análise das normas do Direito nacional e internacional que permeiam a vida indígena, tendo sempre como referencial a Constituição brasileira de 1988, que, em seu artigo 231 reconhece aos índios sua organização social, costumes, línguas, crenças e tradições, e os direitos originários sobre as terras que tradicionalmente ocupam. Após o exame crítico da legislação, com o objetivo de concluir sobre se a elaboração e a edição das normas se deram de forma consentânea com o pluralismo previsto no artigo 231 e em tantos outros dispositivos constitucionais, foi importante, para responder sobre se o Estado brasileiro reconhece e respeita a organização social e jurídica dos povos indígenas, tratar da elaboração e aplicação da política do Estado brasileiro o que abarcou o trabalho dos Poderes Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário, além da atividade do Ministério Público e da sociedade civil organizada, principalmente, dos próprios povos indígenas. Avaliou-se se a política indigenista é consentânea com as normas estudadas e com as aspirações dos povos indígenas, enfatizando e historiando o período que compreende os dois mandatos de presidente da República de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva e os dois primeiros anos da presidenta Dilma Roussef. Para perceber que a necessidade de reconhecimento e respeito às organizações sociojurídicas dos povos indígenas irradia-se por todas as relações sociais dos indígenas e que o único meio de não tolher a sua autodeterminação é a promoção do diálogo intercultural, com o absoluto respeito aos direitos de informação e de consulta sobre toda a atividade que impacte os povos indígenas, e a busca da construção de políticas não homogeneizantes para todas as áreas, mas, sobretudo, a educação, a saúde, a assistência social e as situações de conflito como do indígena com a lei penal. / The study of the rights of indigenous peoples and their relationship with national law led to the Anthropology of Law and, later, legal pluralism. The author studies the rights of indigenous peoples in national and international scope under the focus of legal pluralism. The central question of this thesis is: does the Brazilian state recognize and respect the legal and social organization of indigenous peoples? The 1988 Brazilian Constitution recognizes indigenous peoples\' right to pursue their traditional ways of life and to the permanent and exclusive possession of their \"traditional lands\". The Union has the duty and authority to demarcate these lands, as well as to protect and enforce all of their assets. In order to answer such question, it was necessary to describe the last 10 years of public policy for indigenous peoples in Brazil as well as the participation of indigenous peoples in Brazilian politics. In summary, it was found that the Brazilian state must take into account the characteristics of each indigenous people to improve its policies about territorial recognition, education, health and social care.
44

Le renouveau des sources du droit du travail / The labor law sources renewal

Malfettes, Loic 22 November 2018 (has links)
La présente recherche trouve son origine dans un constat de "crise" fait en doctrine ces dernières années à propos de la façon dont les sources se conçoivent aujourd'hui, ainsi que dans celui de profondes évolutions dans le champ plus spécifique du droit du travail.L’objet de l’étude est d’identifier les traits saillants du bouleversement annoncé. Il est question de vérifier si la représentation travailliste que l’on se fait des sources conduit effectivement dans une impasse épistémologique. Les impensés ou les anomalies identifiées conduiront alors à explorer le droit du travail contemporain et ses processus de création. Il pourra alors, à partir de cet ancrage, être envisagé de proposer un renouvellement théorique dont l’ambition est de proposer une meilleure appréhension de la réalité telle qu’elle se donne à voir dans cette matière / The present research finds its origin in a finding of "crisis" in recent years about the way that legal sources are conceived today, as well in a finding of profound evolutions in the more specific field of labor law.The purpose of the study is to identify the salient features of the announced upheaval. It is a question of verifying if the dominant representation of labor law sources leads effectively to an epistemological stalemate. The unthought or anomalies identified will then lead to the exploration of contemporary labor law and its creation processes. It may then, from this anchorage, be considered to propose a theoretical renewal whose ambition is to propose a better apprehension of the reality as it is given to see in this matter
45

Autorregulação e Comércio Internacional: do percurso teórico à demonstração empírica

Farenzena, Suélen 24 May 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Nara Lays Domingues Viana Oliveira (naradv) on 2015-07-10T15:27:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 farenzena.pdf: 1494497 bytes, checksum: 65353ce92d178120771b98451432ed0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-10T15:27:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 farenzena.pdf: 1494497 bytes, checksum: 65353ce92d178120771b98451432ed0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-24 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral evidenciar a autonomia e capacidade de autorregulação cada vez maior de segmentos sociais, partindo da hipótese que, embora o direito oriundo do Estado permaneça como referência básica para os cidadãos comuns, na prática ele passa a sofrer a concorrência de outras orientações que, enquanto tais, devem ser reconhecidas e respeitadas. Por isso, o mesmo busca analisar, no primeiro capítulo, a questão atinente à globalização, partindo da concepção de paradoxo e autopoiese para, com subsídio nessas, considerar o policentrismo, enquanto superação dos limites regionais e constituição de setores globais autônomos. Nessa linha, o tópico seguinte observa a necessidade de ser lançado um novo olhar por sobre o pluralismo jurídico, trabalhando com a ideia de hipercomplexidade e policontexturalidade, no intuito de reconstruir o percurso evolutivo desse instituto até o signo da governança. Prudencialmente, com o desvelamento da trajetória teórica da autonomia social, a segunda parte do estudo, em seu primeiro item, delineia, então, a problemática da regulação jurídica, demonstrando a imprescindibilidade de uma estruturação do direito que respeite a própria capacidade da sociedade, representada pela questão das organizações e Constituições civis. Como ilustração paradigmática desse contexto e do papel reflexivo que cabe ao direito nessa conjuntura, resta apresentado, por fenecimento, no último capítulo, através de entrevistas com profissionais de grandes companhias, estudiosos e membros de Câmaras, o comércio internacional, com destaque ao papel dos contratos internacionais enquanto elementos de interação advindos da estruturação da ordem, que remetem à solução dos conflitos pelo próprio setor. / This assignment aims to highlight the autonomy and capacity for self-regulation more and more social segments, assuming the hypothesis that, although the law from the state remains as a basic reference for ordinary citizens, in practice it suffers from competition other guidelines, as such, should be recognized and respected. Therefore, it seeks to analyze, in the first chapter, the issue concerning globalization, starting from the conception of paradox and to autopoiesis, with these subsidies, consider polycentrism, while overcoming regional limitations and global constitution of autonomus sectors . In this line, the next topic notes the necessity to be launched by a new look on legal pluralism, working with the idea of hypercomplexity and contextualizations diversity on intention to reconstruct the evolutionary course of this institute until the sign of governance. Prudentially, with the unveiling of the theoretical trajectory of social autonomy, the second part of the study, in it's first item, delineates, then, the question of legal regulation, demonstrating the ndispensability of a structure of law that respects the very capacity of society, represented by issue of civil constitutions and organizations. As a paradigmatic illustration of this context and reflective role that fits right in at this juncture, it remains stated,by withering, in the last chapter, per interviews with professionals from large companies, scholars and members of assembly, the international commerce, with emphasis on the role of international contracts while elements of interaction arising from the order structuring, which refer to conflicts denouement by the proper sector.
46

La fonction de coordination en droit public / The Function of Coordination in Public Law

Lanceron, Virginie 15 December 2016 (has links)
L'étude vise à dépasser le constat paradoxal d'une notion omniprésente et pourtant inconsistante endroit public. La parcimonie des études consacrées à la coordination tranche avec les nombreuses occurrences du vocable dans les textes juridiques. Comment interpréter une telle circonspection doctrinale ? Une première réponse consiste à estimer que la coordination n'a aucune existence endroit ; une autre posture est de considérer que la coordination n'a aucune pertinence en droit. Le postulat selon lequel ces deux affirmations sont erronées constitue le point de départ d'une recherche qui a permis d'esquisser une définition fonctionnelle de la coordination : il s'agit d'un mode d'ordonnancement flexible de l'organisation, de l'action et du droit de l'Etat, congruent avec le cadre juridique pluriel et complexe actuel qui interroge les procédés classiques verticaux. Trois figures de la coordination en droit public ont été dégagées : une « coordination-integration » qui permet de préserver la cohésion de la structure administrative de l'Etat en dépit d'un phénomène de fragmentation ; une « coordination-articulation » qui recherche la cohérence de centres de décision politique dans un contexte de polycentrisme ; une « coordination-harmonisation » qui tend à la concordance de règles juridiques marquées par le pluralisme. / The study aims to overcome the paradox of an omnipresent, yet inconsistent notion in Public Law.The sparsity of studies on coordination contrasts with the many occurrences of the term in the legalcorpus. How to interpret this doctrinal caution? One answer is to deem that coordination is non existentin Law; another position is to consider that coordination is irrelevant in Law. Theassumption that both statements are wrong is the starting point of this research that had led to a functional definition of coordination seen as a flexible method of ordering the State organization,action and law, congruent with the current plural and complex legal framework that query vertical legal processes. Three figures of coordination in Public Law were identified: a "coordination integration" helping to preserve the cohesion of the administrative structure of the State despite a fragmentation phenomenon; a "coordination-articulation" which seeks consistency in political decision centers in a polycentric context; "coordination-harmonization" which tends to the concordance of legal rules characterized by pluralism.
47

Écosystème normatif minier et communautés politiques en Colombie transitionnelle

Roy Grégoire, Etienne 12 April 2019 (has links)
Résumé Cette thèse examine l’impact de l’octroi de titres miniers sur les dynamiques politiques ayant cours dans des territoires affectés par le conflit armé colombien. Du point de vue théorique, elle reprend les questions classiques que la philosophie politique formule au sujet du rapport entre normes et communauté politique, c.-à-d., autour du rapport dialectique entre politique et droit. Elle les reformule cependant au regard des transformations induites par la globalisation: la multiplication et la superposition de différents régimes normatifs, qui remettent en cause la cohérence de la sphère normative et, par le fait même, le rapport assumé entre droit, démocratie et souveraineté. M’appuyant sur les réflexions de chercheurs de l’École de Bruxelles de philosophie du droit, je propose le modèle « d’écosystème normatif » pour analyser les rapports qui s'établissent entre des régimes normatifs a priori incommensurables, allant du droit aux stratégies contre-insurrectionnelles, de la Responsabilité sociale des entreprises (RSE) à la morale; et des relations contractuelles à la violence politique. Sur la base d’études de cas menées dans deux régions de la province d’Antioquia, cette thèse démontre que l’octroi de titres miniers favorise des configurations particulières de l’écosystème normatif. En d'autres mots, l’octroi de titres miniers induit une certaine stabilisation des relations entre droit public, RSE, contractualité et gouvernementalité, que j'appelle « écosystème normatif minier ». Ma thèse conclut que l’écosystème normatif minier colombien est peu propice à l'articulation de communautés politiques et empêche la conduite délibérée et rationnelle des affaires publiques ainsi que l'organisation démocratique du territoire. L’écosystème normatif minier favorise au contraire des rapports sociaux utilitaires, la corruption, le clientélisme et la violence politique. Cette recherche démontre en outre que les « solutions » normatives mises de l’avant pour traiter les conflits suscités par l’activité minières remettent parfois en cause certaines catégories fondamentales de la pensée politique et juridique moderne. En Colombie, une politique d’institutionnalisation de la RSE, menée conjointement par l’État et les titulaires miniers, induit ainsi des changements profonds dans les rapports entre communautés, entreprises et gouvernements. Ma thèse clarifie ainsi certains des défis que la société colombienne doit surmonter, étant donné les nombreux titres miniers octroyés sur une grande proportion de son territoire, pour mener à bien le processus de paix initié en 2016.   Summary This thesis examines the impact of granting mining titles on political dynamics in the territories affected by the Colombian armed conflict. From a theoretical point of view, it takes up the classic political philosophy interrogations about the relationship between norms and political community, i.e., the dialectical relationship between politics and law. Those questions are updated by taking into account the transformations induced by globalization: indeed, the multiplication and superimposition of different normative regimes undermines the coherence of the normative sphere and, by the same token, the assumed relationship between law, democracy and sovereignty. Based on the reflections of researchers at the Brussels School of Philosophy of Law, I propose the notion of “normative ecosystem” to analyze the relationships that are established between presumably incommensurable normative regimes, from law to the counter-insurgency strategies, from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to morality; and from contractual relations to political violence. Based on case studies conducted in two regions of the province of Antioquia, this thesis demonstrates that the granting of mining titles favors particular configurations of the normative ecosystem. In other words, the granting of mining titles induces a certain stabilization of the relations between law, CSR, contractuality and governmentality, which I call the “mining normative ecosystem”. My thesis concludes that the Colombian mining normative ecosystem is not conducive to the articulation of political communities and prevents the deliberate and rational conduct of public affairs as well as the democratic organization of the territory. On the contrary, the mining normative ecosystem favors utilitarian social relations, corruption, clientelism and political violence. This research also shows that the normative “solutions” put forward to deal with conflicts in the mining sector call into question certain fundamental categories of modern political and legal thought. In Colombia, a policy of institutionalization of CSR conducted jointly by the State and mining title holders induces profound changes in the relationships between communities, companies and governments. My thesis thus clarifies some of the challenges that Colombian society must overcome, given the numerous mining titles granted over a large part of its territory, to successfully carry out the peace process initiated in 2016.
48

L’arbitrage musulman dans les pays non musulmans / Islamic arbitration in the west

Jaldi, Abdessalam 17 December 2018 (has links)
Au Canada, en Angleterre et aux Etats-Unis, on voit de nombreux groupes religieux prendre des initiatives susceptibles d'influencer les règles qui régissent la société civile. Pour certains, cette instrumentalisation de la religion à des fins politiques ébranle l'exercice des libertés et des droits fondamentaux. Dernièrement, les médias ont beaucoup parlé de la création des tribunaux d'arbitrage musulman appliquant le droit musulman pour régler des litiges d'ordre familial et financier au Canada, l'Angleterre et aux Etats-Unis. En fait, l'idée voulant que les parties privées s'entendent de leur plein gré pour soumettre leurs différends religieux islamique à un arbitre religieux musulman appliquant le droit musulman n'est pas nouvelle. à titre d'exemple, plusieurs communautés juives ont mis en place des tribunaux d'arbitrage rabbinique, chargés de régler les différends d'ordre civil entre particuliers juifs en vertu du droit rabbinique. C’est exactement ce précédent qui a incité des communautés musulmanes à emboîter le pas.Pour mieux comprendre les tenants et aboutissants de ces questions, nous avons choisi d'explorer l'arbitrage du point de vue interne, c’est à dire du point de vue des sources islamiques, pour ensuite l'examiner du point de vue externe, c’est à dire du point de vue de l'ordre juridique étatique dans lequel il est appelé à s'insérer (liberté de religion et le multiculturalisme). Le fonctionnement des tribunaux d'arbitrage musulmans mérite un examen attentif. Il conviendra donc de s’interroger sur le processus d'arbitrage, la reconnaissance et l’exécution des sentences arbitrales islamiques et sur le rôle de l'ordre public en la matière, avec l'idée d'envisager d'un point de vue normatif, un dialogue constructif et inclusif. / In Canada, England and United States, many religious groups have been organizing to implement policies that would influence the manner in which civil society is run. It has been argued that this use of religion for political gain threatens to undermine hard won entitlements to equality and basic human rights. Much media has recently focused on the issue of the formation of arbitration islamic tribunals that would use Islamic Law to settle familiy and financial matters in Canada, England and United States. In fact, the idea of privates parties voluntarily agreeing to have their islamic religious disputes resolved by an muslim arbitrator using the islamic law is not new. For example, other religious groups including several Jewish communities have created Jewish arbitration tribunals in order to resolve civil matters between individuals using Talmudic law, and setting a precedent for Muslim communities to do the same.After having explored arbitration from an internal perspective, in other words from islamic sources, we will examine this from an external perspective, in other words the national legal system into which it must be inserted (Religious Freedom and Multiculturalism). The functioning of islamic arbitration tribunals merits close examination. This therefore raises questions as to the arbitration process, the recognition and enforcement of islamic arbitral awards, and on the role of public policy in this respect, with the idea to envisage from a normative perspective, a constructive and inclusive dialogue
49

A luta pela reforma agraria no Brasil: uma análise à luz do pluralismo jurídico comunitário participativo / The struggle for agrarian reform in Brazil: na analysis in the light of participative community legal pluralism

Vaz, Clarissa Machado de Azevedo 29 August 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-01-10T14:50:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Clarissa Machado de Azevedo Vaz - 2016.pdf: 1426895 bytes, checksum: b005ff4aac0f158c7f6f6cb787cfa306 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-11T09:50:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Clarissa Machado de Azevedo Vaz - 2016.pdf: 1426895 bytes, checksum: b005ff4aac0f158c7f6f6cb787cfa306 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-11T09:50:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Clarissa Machado de Azevedo Vaz - 2016.pdf: 1426895 bytes, checksum: b005ff4aac0f158c7f6f6cb787cfa306 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present dissertation has as object of analysis the search for agrarian reform practiced by the Movement of the Workers and Landless Rural Workers, and how this search ranks within the paradigm of Legal Pluralism and, in the space of participatory community developed by Antônio Carlos Wolkmer. It sought to demonstrate the foundations of Law, and the advances after its polarization between monism and pluralism, to the current analysis of the relation between monism and pluralism in Brazilian Law. Then, in the second chapter, the analysis was based on the changes in the world economic model that occurred contemporaneously with the elaboration and promulgation of the Land Statute, legislation used as a time frame for discussing the Agrarian Reform in Brazil, and what is the influence of the world economic moment in relation to the distribution of land in Brazil. The third chapter seeks the historical formation of the MST, its form of action and composition and, from this, how its actions can be associated to Legal pluralism, and in particular, to Participative Community Legal Pluralism. / A presente dissertação tem como objeto de análise a busca por reforma agrária praticada pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores e Trabalhadoras Rurais Sem Terra. E de como essa busca se classifica dentro do paradigma do Pluralismo Jurídico e, em espacial do comunitário participativo desenvolvido por WOLKMER. Buscou-se demonstrar os fundamentos do Direito, e os avanços após a sua polarização entre monismo e pluralismo, até a análise atual da relação entre monismo e pluralismo no Direito brasileiro. Depois, já no segundo capitulo, a análise partiu das mudanças do modelo econômico mundial que ocorreram de forma contemporânea a elaboração e promulgação do Estatuto da Terra, legislação utilizada como marco temporal para se discutir a Reforma Agraria no Brasil, e qual a influência do momento econômico mundial na relação com a distribuição de terras no Brasil. O terceiro capitulo busca a formação histórica do MST, sua forma de atuação e composição e, a partir disso, como as suas ações podem ser associadas ao pluralismo Jurídico, em especial, o Pluralismo Jurídico Comunitário Participativo.
50

O sistema de normas ISO e as nanotecnologias: as interfaces regulatórias e o diálogo entre as fontes do direito

Martins, Patricia Santos 21 December 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-04-12T12:56:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Santos Martins_.pdf: 1989907 bytes, checksum: 57bb0ff1be0aae6044a0baff7d92acbf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-12T12:56:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Santos Martins_.pdf: 1989907 bytes, checksum: 57bb0ff1be0aae6044a0baff7d92acbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-21 / Nenhuma / Diante do atual estado da arte das nanotecnologias, das promessas e dos riscos, o presente estudo objetiva avaliar em que medida as normas ISO podem ser utilizadas como ferramenta para encaminhar à metarregulação, a fim de suprir a atual ausência de marcos regulatórios nanoespecíficos. Para isto, pretende esclarecer o contexto das nanotecnologias, suas características riscos e aplicações. Diversas são as aplicações e as vantagens trazidas pelo desenvolvimento nanotecnológico, porém os investimentos em pesquisas de segurança ainda são proporcionalmente inferiores aos recursos destinados ao desenvolvimento e comercialização de produtos com nanotecnologias aplicadas e, seus resultados não são conclusivos. Diante destas afirmações e da interferência humana na criação de nanopartículas (engenheiradas), interessa verificar sua inserção dentro da zona de risco desenhada pela teoria do risco de Niklas Luhmann, e, analisar os modelos regulatórios de autorregulação e metarregulação. Modelos regulatórios já utilizados pelas organizações através da adoção de ferramentas reconhecidas como normas técnicas ISO, que fundamentam ações a fim de evidenciar a conduta e transparência com relação às boas práticas empresariais no desenvolvimento das atividades. Faz parte da análise proposta o diálogo entre as fontes do Direito e os atores de produção normativa à luz da teoria do pluralismo jurídico, para vislumbrar a possibilidade das referidas normas técnicas atuarem como interface regulatória e analisar nesta interface a eficácia jurídica. Por fim se buscará conhecer a ISO suas normas e seus processos de criação e revisão das normas técnicas, e igualmente estudar seus elementos estruturantes face aos princípios de Direito e direitos fundamentais, para verificar a possibilidade de reconhecer as normas técnicas de gestão da ISO como legítimo patamar mínimo regulatório. A metodologia empregada é a funcionalista, histórico e comparativo, através de técnicas de pesquisa a documentação indireta, especialmente a pesquisa bibliográfica, além da documentação direta a textos normativos e jurídicos além de textos resultantes da produção científica de diversas áreas do saber, empregando-se recursos como a análise de conteúdo. / In view of the current state of the art of nanotechnologies, promises and risks, the present study aims to assess the extent to which ISO standards can be used as a tool to address metaregulation in order to overcome the current lack of nanospecific regulatory frameworks. To this end, it intends to clarify the context of nanotechnologies, their characteristics risks and applications. There are several applications and advantages brought about by nanotechnology development, but investments in safety research are still proportionally lower than the resources destined to the development and commercialization of products with applied nanotechnologies and their results are not conclusive. In view of these statements and human interference in the creation of (engineered) nanoparticles, it is important to verify their insertion within the risk zone drawn by Niklas Luhmann's risk theory, and to analyze the regulatory models of self-regulation and metregulation. Regulatory models already used by organizations through the adoption of tools recognized as ISO technical standards, which base actions to demonstrate the conduct and transparency with respect to good business practices in the development of activities. Part of the proposed analysis is the dialogue between the sources of law and the actors of normative production in the light of the theory of legal pluralism, to envisage the possibility of these technical standards acting as a regulatory interface and analyzing in this interface the legal effectiveness. Finally, it will seek to know ISO its norms and its processes of creation and revision of technical norms, and also to study its structuring elements in face of the principles of Law and fundamental rights, to verify the possibility of recognizing the technical norms of ISO management as legitimate Minimum regulatory threshold. The methodology used is functionalist, historical and comparative, through research techniques indirect documentation, especially bibliographic research, besides direct documentation to normative and legal texts as well as texts resulting from the scientific production of several areas of knowledge, using Features such as content analysis.

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