Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une démarche de recherche des principes et mesures permettant de mettre en œuvre efficacement le principe d’égalité en milieu de travail syndiqué au Québec. Adoptant comme guide la sociologie des ordres juridiques complétée et accompagnée par le systémisme luhmannien, nous avons accompli une étude des ordres juridiques qui agissent en ce qui a trait aux aspects juridiques des relations du travail avant de procéder à l’évaluation de la politique publique relative à l’égalité. L’étude est divisée en trois parties. La première est consacrée à une exploration du pluralisme juridique, à la sociologie des ordres juridiques et à la présentation des ordres juridiques du travail. La seconde adopte une perspective historique de l’action syndicale, du droit du travail et de la politique publique relative à l’égalité. La troisième comprend une démarche d’évaluation de cette politique publique et une démarche de construction normative relative aux principes et mesures permettant la mise en œuvre efficace du principe d’égalité. Sur le plan de l’évaluation, nous recourons d’abord à une étude empirique et juridique d’un important dossier de plaintes à la Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse : le dossier du gel d’échelon salarial dans la convention collective du personnel enseignant des commissions scolaires; nous accomplissons ensuite une revue de la littérature en ce qui a trait à la politique publique relative à l’égalité; nous accomplissons enfin une analyse de ce qu’offrent aux milieux syndiqués les deux principales voies de mise en œuvre de l’égalité, d’une part, le grief et l’arbitrage et d’autre part, la plainte à la Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse et, le cas échéant, le recours devant le Tribunal des droits de la personne. Sur le plan de la construction normative, nous nous basons sur l’analyse sociologique, historique et évaluative accomplie pour concevoir les éléments de politique nécessaires pour atteindre l’objectif recherché. / This thesis follows on from research into the principles and measures that can be used to apply the principle of equality effectively in unionized workplaces in Québec. Guided by the sociology of legal orders, completed and supported by Luhmann’s systems theory, we carried out a study of the legal orders governing the legal aspects of labour relations, and then assessed public policies concerning equality. The study is divided into three sections. The first section explores legal pluralism and the sociology of legal orders, and presents the legal orders applicable to workplace issues. The second section considers the history of union action, labour law and public policies relating to equality, while the third assesses those public policies and takes a normative construction approach to the principles and measures that can be used to implement the principle of equality effectively. With respect to assessment, we began with an empirical legal study of a major complaint submitted to Québec’s Human Rights Commission, namely the freeze on pay scales in the collective agreement of school board teachers. We then reviewed the literature dealing with public policies relating to equality, and analyzed the benefits for unionized workplaces offered by the two main methods of implementing equality, namely grievances and arbitration on the one hand, and complaints to the Human Rights Commission on the other (with, in the latter case, recourse to the Human Rights Tribunal where necessary). With respect to normative construction, we used a sociological, historical and evaluative analysis as a basis for designing the policy elements required to achieve the goals.

Le droit international véhicule des principes de droits des femmes dits universels. Pourtant, ces droits prennent un tout autre sens lorsque confrontés aux réalités locales. En Inde, le droit hindou entretient la notion de devoirs par opposition aux droits individuels. Ainsi, la femme est définie selon ses relations à la famille et au mariage plutôt que selon ses libertés sociales. Toute dérogation dans les devoirs de la femme envers sa famille ou son mari est une raison valable pour punir la délinquance et discipliner. Cette étude s’intéresse aux tensions entre les standards internationaux et locaux à partir de l’étude de la Protection of Women against Domestic Violence Act de 2005 (PWDVA). Cette loi se trouve au confluent de l’universalisme du droit international des droits humains et du pluralisme culturel en Inde. La PWDVA semble remettre en question le statut de la femme et de la famille dans la société. Les idéaux du droit peuvent-ils être adaptés aux diverses réalités nationales et locales? Comment les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) s’inscrivent-elles dans la conjugaison du droit vivant et du droit international pour contrer la violence domestique? Cette recherche étudie le rôle des ONG dans l’adaptation et la traduction des normes internationales dans le contexte culturel et social indien. Une analyse approfondie de documents théoriques et juridiques, des observations participatives et des entrevues au sein d'une ONG à Mumbai en 2013 ont permis d’observer la transition des normes internationales vers le local. Un tel séjour de recherche fut possible à l’aide d'une méthodologie suivant le cadre théorique du féminisme postmoderne et de l’anthropologie juridique. L’analyse des résultats a mené à la conclusion que les ONG jouent un rôle de médiateur entre les normes appartenant au droit international, au droit national indien et au droit vivant. Celles-ci doivent interpréter les droits humains intégrés à la PWDVA en reconnaissant ce qui est idéaliste et ce qui est réaliste à la lumière des réalités locales, faisant ainsi l’équilibre entre le besoin de transformations des communautés et le respect des valeurs à préserver. Cette recherche offre donc une ouverture quant aux solutions possibles pour contrer les tensions entre droits des femmes et droits culturels dans un contexte de développement international. / International law carries principles of women’s rights that are called universal. However, those rights take on a whole new meaning when confronted to local realities. In India, Hindu law embodies notion of duty rather than individual rights. Thereby, a woman is defined through her relations towards her family and husband at the expense of social freedoms. In her duties towards her family and husband, any deviation will justify punishment and discipline. This research focuses on the tensions between international and local standards through the study of the 2005 Protection of Women against Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA). This law is at the conjunction of the universality of human rights law and the Indian cultural pluralism. The PWDVA seems to question the status of woman and family in India. Can legal ideals be adapted within diverse national and local realities? How do non-governmental organizations (NGOs) get involved in the conjugation of living law and international law to counter domestic violence? This thesis studies the NGOs’ role in the adaptation and the translation of international norms into Indian cultural and social context. A depth analysis of theoretical and legal literature, participative observations and interviews without an NGO in Mumbai in 2013 helped to show the transition of international norms to local justice. The field study was possible through the methodology related to postmodern feminism and legal anthropology. The data analysis led to the conclusion that NGOs play a mediating role between norms for international, national and living law. They have to interpret the PWDVA and the human rights imbedded in it while recognizing different idealistic and realistic components in local realities. They strive to establish a balance between communities’ need of change and observance of values to be preserved. This research provides an overview of local solutions to counter those tensions between women’s rights and cultural rights in an international development context.

A l’arrivée des premiers colons à Assiniboia en 1811, le territoire n’est encore qu’un terrain de chasse pour les grandes compagnies de commerce des fourrures, qui obéissent aux codes d’une lex non scripta propre au milieu et à l’économie des Territoires Indiens. La colonie dépend ensuite de la tutelle juridique de la Compagnie de la Baie d’Hudson, qui gère ses institutions légales et gouvernementales à l’abri d’interventions canadiennes ou britanniques. Jusqu’à son annexion au Canada en tant que province du Manitoba en 1869, Assiniboia est le seul district de l’Ouest canadien continental doté d’institutions législatives et judiciaires. Cette thèse analyse l’évolution de la loi et du droit dans la société métisse de la Rivière Rouge (Assiniboia). A travers les sources des fonds législatifs et judiciaires de la colonie, les récits, correspondances et journaux de dirigeants, de missionnaires et d’habitants d’Assiniboia, ce travail observe les usages de l’outil juridique et ses effets normatifs sur les colons. Cette étude postule qu’un demi-siècle après sa création, la Rivière Rouge est un espace légal hybride, où le droit coutumier coexiste avec le droit institutionnel. Cette recherche démontre l’importante participation de la population à sa propre gouvernance et l’établissement progressif d’un pluralisme juridique qui savait reconnaître et respecter les altérités sociales de la Rivière Rouge, où se rassemblaient des Eurocanadiens, des Autochtones et une majorité d’individus métissés et semi-nomades. Enfin, cette étude met en évidence le rôle fondamental des Métis et du métissage dans tous les processus de changements légaux du territoire. / This dissertation examines the evolution of law in Red River (Assiniboia) through the systems, ideas and events that informed the inhabitants’ concepts of rights, from the colony’s creation until its entry into the Canadian Confederation (as the province of Manitoba). Assiniboia was founded in 1811 in the unsettled Indian Territories which were used as hunting grounds by fur-trading companies, who developed the codes and practices of a lex non scripta on-site to regulate social norms, trade and competition. In the 1820s, the District of Assiniboia came under the management of the Hudson’s Bay Company and was placed under its jurisdiction, and, until the late 1860s, it was the only settlement of the western interior to have its own government and institutions. By looking at the legislative and judicial records of the district, the narratives, correspondence and journals composed by settlers, missionaries and rulers of Red River, this dissertation studies the uses of the law as a form of symbolic violence and a normative tool in the social context of the colony. This study contends that, half a century after its creation, Assiniboia was a hybrid legal space ruled simultaneously by customary and institutional law. It demonstrates the population’s active role in its own governance, and the gradual establishment of a legal pluralism that recognized and respected Red River’s multicultural society, one composed of French and English speaking settlers, Amerindians, and a majority of semi-nomadic people of mixed descent. Ultimately, this study highlights the fundamental role played by the Métis and their Native background in all of the changes to the territory’s legal system.

The theme of this thesis is the assessment of the prerequisites for the pluralism of law and non-state justice systems to improve the possibilities of solving disputes in society. The main research question is whether non-state justice systems fulfil a social role in providing justice. The thesis should offer a descriptive analysis of the concept of legal pluralism and methodological procedures for the inclusion of non-state justice systems in the state. The outcome of the work should be an overview of the possibilities of interaction between different legal systems, whether formal or customary, of the different ways of resolving disputes in this environment, and of the contribution of such proposals to the reform of the legal environment that count on the real situation in society. The thesis of procedural pluralism and participatory methods of solving disputes that have a user, a citizen in the center of these systems is offered as a starting point for new designs. The final part of the work will therefore explore current approaches to improving legal systems that aim to increase participation of user based on their needs, and will include some cases for comparing individual programs to improve legal systems.

Le pluralisme juridique relativise le monopole étatique dans la production normative, en laissant aux autres groupes sociaux la possibilité de créer du droit. La mafia en tant qu’organisation soumise à des règles qui lui sont propres représente un véritable ordre juridique qui entre en contradiction avec la légalité et la structure de tout l’ordre juridique étatique. Il paraît difficile, au premier abord, de considérer la mafia comme un ordre juridique, car elle s’oppose aux critères étatiques et juridiques traditionnels. En effet, les analyses en matière de pluralisme font rarement le lien entre le pluralisme juridique et les systèmes violents, arbitraires et illégaux. Cependant, d’un point de vue sociojuridique, il est possible d’envisager le pluralisme juridique à partir de l’analyse du phénomène mafieux. Cette hypothèse explore la relation entre divers ordres (étatique, mafieux et communautaire) de nature contradictoire et dans un contexte violent.L’organisation criminelle du trafic de drogue en Colombie durant les années 1980 et 1990 sert de base à la réflexion. Cet exemple est riche d’enseignements du fait de l’imbrication des intérêts des narcotrafiquants, de l’État et des classes sociales. Ce travail de recherche explore ainsi la mafia pensée et vécue comme un ordre juridique sui generis à caractère contre-étatique, possédant une force normative sans limites. / The legal pluralism relativises the state’s monopoly to create norms by taking into consideration the possibility that different social groups contribute to the production of law. The mafia and its rules can form a legal order in contradiction with the legality and the structure of the state legal order. It seems difficult to consider the mafia as a legal order because it is in contradiction with the traditional legal and state criteria. Indeed, the analysis of legal pluralism rarely does this link between legal pluralism and violent, arbitrary and illegal systems. However, from a socio-legal perspective, it is absolutely possible to affirm a sort of legal pluralism issued from the mafia phenomenon. This hypothesis explores, in a violent context, the contradictory relation between different kinds of orders, such as State, mafia and community order.In order to analyse this issue, the Colombian drugs traffic between the 80’s and 90’s shows a specific legal culture and legal consciousness, which in a specific context reveals interesting characteristics for a socio-legal study. The mafia and its multiple networks can infiltrate the legal culture of the regions where it acts, and sometimes, its actions and operations may be intertwined with the State and other legal actors. In this sense, it is appropriate to consider a mixed legal system, where the legal and illegal co-exist; and where the mafia, popular and state law became a "mélange" as a product of the interaction between the different legal systems as well as a product of the porosity existing between all the legal systems. This research explores the mafia, in real life and in theory, as a sui generis legal order that has a normative force without limits.

Die Erkenntnis, dass der Staat nicht die einzige Quelle von Recht ist, verbreitet sich zusehends auch in der Rechtswissenschaft. Die Vielfalt normativer Ordnungen wird gewöhnlich mit dem Begriff "Rechtspluralismus" beschrieben. In der Rechtspluralismusforschung besteht weitgehend Einigkeit darüber, dass normative Ordnungen nicht parallel nebeneinander und unabhängig voneinander koexistieren, sondern dass diese sich wechselseitig beeinflussen. Dieses Miteinander kann konfliktreich wie auch kooperativ sein, es kann zum Transfer von Normen und Vorstellungen, aber auch zu Widerstand und Abgrenzung kommen. Diese Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zur interdisziplinären Rechtsforschung, indem sie Austauschprozesse zwischen verschiedenen normativen Ordnungen analysiert. Hierbei wird "Übersetzen" als maßgebliche Praxis des Rechtspluralismus verstanden und ein methodischer Zugang angeboten, um Austauschprozesse machtsensibel zu analysieren. Am Beispiel Ghanas wird untersucht, wie die Anerkennung von Recht nicht-staatlichen Ursprungs in der Rechtsprechung staatlicher Gerichte praktiziert wird. Ghana ist nicht nur durch eine Vielzahl verschiedener Gesellschaften, sondern auch durch die Koexistenz unterschiedlicher normativer Ordnungen geprägt. Neben dem zur Zeit des britischen Kolonialismus eingeführten Common Law werden zahlreiche lokale Gewohnheitsrechte vom Staat als Rechtsquelle anerkannt. Über den ghanaischen Kontext hinaus ergeben sich auch allgemeine Fragen zum Umgang mit gesellschaftlicher Vielfalt und den damit einhergehenden Konflikten. / Jurisprudence acknowledges more and more that the state is not the only source for legal norms. The diversity of normative orders is usually described with the term "legal pluralism". Scholarship on legal pluralism emphasizes that normative orders do not exist parallel and independently from each other, but that they influence each other mutually. The relationship can be conflictual but also cooperative, there can be transfers of norms and ideas, but also resistance and dissociation. This study contributes to inter-disciplinary jurisprudence by analysing transfer processes between normative orders. It understands "translation" as essential practice of legal pluralism and offers a methodological approach to analyse transfer processes sensitively to power. Using the example of Ghana the study explores how state courts practice the recognition of non-state law. Ghana is characterised not only by the coexistence not only of different cultures, but of different normative orders as well. Next to the common law which had been introduced by British colonialism there is a plurality of local customary laws that are officially recognised as law by the state. This situation raises questions beyond the Ghanaian context on how to deal with social diversity and the conflicts the come along with it.

La notion de souveraineté est souvent analysée, interprétée et critiquée sous un angle purement individualiste, comme appartenant à l'État. Toutefois, en raison de la pluralité des États qui caractérise le droit international, la souveraineté est une notion nécessairement pluraliste. L'analyse de la structure normative et institutionnelle de l'ordre juridique international montre effectivement que la souveraineté appartient à l'ensemble des États et signifie et assure leur statut privilégié dans cet ordre juridique. Dès lors, la souveraineté devient une qualité pour justifier les privilèges et les exclusivités des États par rapport aux autres entités de la scène internationale: tout dérive des États et tout doit nécessairement et obligatoirement passer par les États. Cependant, il existe un certain nombre de phénomènes qui affectent cette configuration état-centrique de l'ordre juridique international. Il s'agit notamment des phénomènes dits de la mondialisation qui font fi des divisions spatiales fondées sur l'organisation politique des États. Dans ce processus de mondialisation qui rend floues et in effectives les frontières étatiques, le rôle des États se trouve de plus en plus affaibli et remis en question. L'émergence de nouveaux acteurs représentatifs et des normativités alternatives est la manifestationde cette évolution qui va dans le sens d'un dépassement de la conception état-centrique du droit international et, par conséquent, d'une remise en question de la souveraineté des États. / The notion of sovereignty has often been analyzed, interpreted and criticized in purely individualistic terms and deemed to belong to the State. However, due to the plurality of States characterizing the international law, the sovereignty becomes necessarily a pluralistic notion. The analysis of the normative and institutional structure of the international legal order shows, indeed, that the sovereignty belongs to ail States and also means and ensures their prevailing status in this legal order. As a consequence, sovereignty becomes a quality for justifying the privileges and exc\usivities of State in comparison to other entities on the international scene: everything derives from the State and must also necessarily and absolutely be achieved through the State. However, there are a number of phenomena affecting this State-centric configuration of the international legal order. These are the phenomena of the globalization, which flout spatial divisions based on the politicalorganization of the States. The raIe of State has increasingly become weaker and question able in this process of globalization, which renders State borders blurry and ineffective. The emergence of new representative players and alternative normativity reflects this development which is in line with an overrun of the Statecentric concept of the international law and, consequently, calls into question the State sovereignty.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-11-14T12:32:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele Weber da Silva Leal_.pdf: 8788752 bytes, checksum: 05403935f61c00a5d8015dee9a383bc1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T12:32:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele Weber da Silva Leal_.pdf: 8788752 bytes, checksum: 05403935f61c00a5d8015dee9a383bc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-22 / Nenhuma / Enfrenta-se na atualidade as novas demandas oriundas de complexidades da era nanotecnológica. São diversos produtos em escala nano, difundidos pela sociedade em todas as áreas, como nos cosméticos, medicina, engenharia, construção civil, remediação ambiental, dentre tantos outros. Contudo, paralelamente às promessas benéficas, verifica-se o (potencial) risco. Tal faceta vem permeada por dúvidas, incertezas científicas quanto aos possíveis impactos das nanos na vida humana e meio ambiente. Seus efeitos no ecossistema, até o momento, não tiveram reflexos concretos. Surgem consternações antes sequer imaginadas, dada às particularidades da escala nano e sua interação com o ecossistema. Ante a crescente produção industrial das nanotecnologias, e utilização difundida na sociedade, observa-se uma nova inquietação: os resíduos nanotecnológicos, ou nanowaste. Quanto maior a circulação de nanoprodutos, maior será o descarte ao final da vida útil de nanomateriais. Relacionando-se ainda no contexto de risco, de que forma o nanowaste poderia obter uma destinação final adequada? Resposta para tal questionamento encontrar-se-á na análise do ciclo de vida dos nanomaterias, aliado ao estudo específico realizado pela OECD, sobre a gestão dos resíduos nanotecnológicos, iluminado pelas bases do Princípio da Precaução. Não se encontram marcos regulatórios específicos para as nanotecnologias, tampouco sobre o nanowaste. Portanto, esta investigação tem por objetivo demonstrar de que maneira o protocolo específico sobre resíduos nanotecnológicos, da OECD, localizada em espaço destacado em âmbito internacional, poderá ser adotado como instrumento autorregulatório, a fim de regular a destinação final do nanowaste como gestão de risco, num espaço iluminado pelo princípio da precaução. Utilizar-se-á a metodologia sistêmico-construtivista, aliada à análise de dados na coleta de dados de documentos da OECD. Neste contexto, como a estruturação dos elementos do Pluralismo Jurídico proposto por Gunther Teubner, aliado aos pools de responsabilidade (dialogando ainda com a comunicação de Luhmann), poderão contribuir para modelar um instrumento de autorregulação, permeado pelo princípio da precaução, a partir do protocolo específico da OECD? Adotando e validando o instrumento da OECD, como medida de autorregulação, será possibilitada uma verdadeira gestão do nanowaste, utilizando mecanismos mínimos na destinação final e tratamento dos resíduos, protegendo o meio ambiente e vida humana, respeitando a precaução, e ainda como medida de desenvolvimento responsável da era nanotecnológica. / Currently it’s faced the challenge of new demands arising from the nanotechnology’s complexities era are. They are various products at nano scale, spread by society in all areas, such as cosmetics, medicine, engineering, civil construction, environmental remediation, among many others. However, in parallel with the beneficial promises, there is (potential) risk. This facet is permeated by doubts, scientific uncertainties about the possible nano impacts on human life and the environment. Its effects on the ecosystem, so far, have not had concrete effects. Shown are dismay before imagined, given the particularities of the nano scale and its interaction with the ecosystem. Given the growing industrial production of nanotechnologies, and widespread use in society, there is a new concern: nanotechnology wastes, or nanowaste. The higher the circulation of nanoproducts, the greater the disposal at the end of the useful life of nanomaterials. Still in the context of risk, how could nanowaste get an adequate final disposal? An answer to this question will be found in the life cycle analysis of nanomaterials, together with the specific study carried out by the OECD, on the management of nanotechnological wastes, illuminated by the principles of the Precautionary Principle. There are no regulatory specific frameworks to nanotechnologies, nor about nanowaste. Therefore, this research aims to demonstrate how the specific protocol on nanotechnology residues of the OECD, located in a prominent international space, could be adopted as a self-regulatory instrument in order to regulate the final destination of nanowaste as risk management, in a space illuminated by the precautionary principle. The systemic-constructivist methodology, combined with the data analysis in the OECD data collection, will be used. In this context, such as the structuring of the elements of Legal Pluralism proposed by Gunther Teubner, together with the pools of responsibility (also in dialogue with Luhmann's communication), may help to model an instrument of self-regulation, permeated by the precautionary principle, specific to the OECD? Adopting and validating the OECD instrument, as a self-regulation measure, a true management of the nanowaste will be possible, using minimal mechanisms in the final disposal and treatment of waste, protecting the environment and human life, respecting the precaution, and also as a measure of responsible development for the nanotechnology era.

L’attitude du juge administratif français face à la Cour de justice et au regard des obligations imposées par la procédure préjudicielle est particulièrement démonstrative des difficultés de mise en place d’un dialogue des juges, bien que le mécanisme préjudiciel soit considéré comme le canal privilégié de celui-ci et comme son pendant juridique. Le juge administratif a cru pouvoir affirmer son indépendance et son autonomie en usant de la théorie de l’acte clair et de la règle du précédent. Les abus commis dans l’utilisation de ces moyens procéduraux, occultant le renvoi préjudiciel, ont posé des difficultés et il en fut de même pour l’autorité et les effets des arrêts préjudiciels. De son côté la Cour a aussi exprimé des volontés contraires ou incompatibles avec l’instauration d’un dialogue entre juges par la voie préjudicielle. Elle a voulu affirmer son autorité en utilisant de façon extensive les compétences que lui avaient délivrées les Traités. Fort heureusement, par plusieurs assouplissements jurisprudentiels de part et d’autre, les relations dialogiques préjudicielles se sont bonifiées. Une acceptation mutuelle des compétences et des autorités a été acquise par la voie de dialogues qu’il convient de cerner, d’entretenir, de favoriser et de fortifier par le biais d’échanges courants et de techniques nouvelles, mieux adaptées au pluralisme juridique européen et au renouvellement actuel de l’office du juge en Europe. / The difficulties to establish a dialogue between judges are well illustrated by french administrative judge’s attitude with respect to the Court of Justice of European Union and regarding the preliminary ruling proceedings. Indeed, french administrative judges have clearly considered that they could assert their autonomy through the use of the acte clair doctrine and the rule of precedent (stare decisis) to prevent the preleminary ruling. The excessive use of both procedural approaches has been the source of numerous problems, notably for the authority and effects of preliminary ruling decisions. For its part, the Court also took positions either radically opposite to that of the national judges, or that at least were not in favour of a putative dialogue. Indeed, the Court has clearly wished to assert its authority over the national judges by an extensive use of the competences European Treaties awarded to it. This context has fortunately started to resolve itself through a reciprocal acceptance of competences and prerogatives by the concerned authorities in the dialogue. This emerging dialogue must be reinforced and promoted via routine exchanges and novel techniques. Both jurisdictions will have to steer in harmony in this direction of the european legal pluralism.

O objeto de estudo é a reforma do sistema de justiça no Brasil, abordada por uma etnografia da criação e implantação dos Centros de Integração e Cidadania – CIC, um programa implantado pelo governo do estado de São Paulo desde 1996, visando melhorar o acesso à justiça para a população pobre e a articulação das instituições de justiça (Polícia Civil, Ministério Público, Poder Judiciário, entre outros). A pesquisa reconstruiu o idéario de criação do CIC como um movimento de reforma da justiça, animado por magistrados e outros operadores jurídicos, no contexto dos movimentos por democracia política e social e universalização dos direitos humanos dos anos 1980. A história do CIC, de suas apropriações, mudanças de rumo, adaptações, deslocamentos e resultados, é uma história de lutas em torno do significado da expansão do Estado de direito – conseqüentemente sobre o que e como reformar ou conservar nos serviços de justiça. A pesquisa interrogou o campo da gestão estatal de conflitos, a partir do que se pode observar no seu alcance capilar, em suas extremidades: para o discurso de criação do CIC, o funcionamento da justiça na periferia transformaria todo o sistema; para a pesquisa tratou-se de uma oportunidade de observar um conjunto de instituições operando no mesmo campo, de observar o sistema de justiça pelas suas franjas, pelos postos de trabalho de pouco prestígio, procurando a microfísica do poder em suas extremidades, interrogando os efeitos concretos do funcionamento dos serviços de justiça. A análise sobre a mediação de conflitos nos diversos serviços de justiça disponíveis nos postos do CIC, sob a perspectiva da interpretação dos rituais de resolução de conflitos, preparou as conclusões da pesquisa sobre a oferta dos serviços de justiça para a população pobre e as dificuldades em democratizá-los. A fragmentação e a pluralidade de rituais de resolução empregados por agentes públicos não reflete a expansão do Estado de direito, pretendida pelo movimento de reforma; reflete antes a concorrência de juridicidades mobilizadas nas relações de poder entre as partes em conflito e delas com os agentes estatais. A liberdade de mobilização de diversos rituais de resolução de conflitos, com diversos resultados, corresponde à pluralidade de relações de poder estabelecidas e visões circulantes sobre o direito; contudo não estabelece garantias jurídicas ou simbólicas de eficácia, minando a eficácia do primado do direito estatal. A tese encerra-se com análise da corporificação dos operadores jurídicos e os rituais de distinção do campo jurídico, buscando demonstrar como eles se inscrevem no corpo, no tempo e no espaço. / The object of this thesis is the justice system reform in Brazil, analyzed by an ethnographical approach on the creation and implementation of the Citizenship Integration Centres – CIC, a program developed by São Paulo State government since 1996 and designed for enlarging poor population access to justice and improving the articulation among justice system institutions (Police, Prosecution Office and Judiciary). The research reconstructed the CIC creation frame as a justice system reform movement, sustained by magistrates and other legal operators, in a context of movements for political and social democracy and universalization of human rights in the 1980’s. The history of the CIC, its appropriations, route changes, adaptations, dislocations and outcomes, is a history of disputes surrounding the meaning of the rule of law expansion and, therefore, disputes on what and how to reform or conserve in justice services. The research interrogated the field of state management of conflicts, from what one can observe in its capillarity, in its extremities: for the CIC creation discourse, the functioning of justice in poor neighborhoods was a mean to transform all justice system; for the research, this was a chance to observe a set of institutions operating in the same field, to observe the justice system by its fringes, by the ranks of word of lower prestige, to look for the power microphysics in its extremities and to interrogate the real effects of justice services functioning. The analysis of conflict mediation in the different justice services available in CIC, under the perspective of the conflict resolution rituals interpretation, prepared the research conclusions about the offers of justice services for the poor and the difficulties in democratizing them. The fragmentation and plurality of conflict resolution rituals undertaken by public agents do not reflect the expansion of the rule of law intended by the justice reform movement; it reflects the competition of laws mobilized in power relations between the conflict parts and between them and state agents. The freedom to mobilize different conflict resolution rituals, with different outcomes, corresponds to the plurality of law perspectives and power relations established. However, it does not establish legal or symbolic guarantees of effectiveness, mining the effectiveness of the state law primate. The last part of the thesis analyses the legal operators’ embodiment and the rituals of distinction on legal field, aiming to demonstrate how they are inscribed in the body, time and space.