Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sebastiao Augusto de Camargo Pujol.pdf: 858576 bytes, checksum: 47e613ecacc8a7f246176a92e0973ed9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-30 / Centro Universtiário Padre Anchieta / For a long time the science of law was conceived from the perspective of jurisprudence of concepts, leading to a static conception of the phenomenon of normativity, with a preponderance of logical and systematic methodology and conceptualism of laws represented by the image of the pyramid of concepts . From the Enlightenment it became usual to assert that there is no criminal justice that is not based on criminal law. The criminal legal model ruled absolute, with the principle of legality in criminal proceedings predominating. However, lack of good judgment by the legislators led to a significant number of unreasonable criminal laws and flawed criminal types, making the role of jurisprudence increasingly more important in solving criminal cases and filling gaps in the law. Hence the growing importance of the jurisprudence legal model for the development of the science of criminal law. Thus the influx into legal science of jurisprudence of interests takes place, where interests, vital needs, desires, expectations and roles are understood as causal factors of law. Later, under the auspices of the neo-Kantianism of the western-southern school , jurisprudence of values in legal science develops, in which values are to be regarded as one of the factors relevant to the interpretation of the law. The adoption of the jurisprudence legal model brings a dynamic perspective to the interpretation and implementation of the law consistent with the legal three-dimensionalism postulated by Miguel Reale, where fact, value and rule of law become part of a dialectical context of implication and polarity. And in line with this, the present thesis promotes the immersion of these scientific ideas in the field of criminal law on the understanding that this branch occupies a central position in the legal order and political system expressed by it. And that it is in criminal treatment that legal relations between government and individual liberty are manifested in a more sensitive and sometimes dramatic way. If jurisprudence of concepts and legal positivism have shaped the science of criminal law according to the formalism of types of offenses, the fact remains that jurisprudence of values is imposed together with the three-dimensional structure of the law to cover fact, value and rule of law, so that the offense has an evaluative content immersed in a cultural and historical atmosphere in accordance with the postulates of legal culture. Thus the role of law predominates in criminal justice, establishing the values protected by the rule of law and evaluating human behavior by the social-ethical criteria of its existence, considering man not only from the abstract standpoint of rationality, but also considering the concrete being with his irrational unconscious. Finally, some paradigmatic cases are presented to strengthen the relevance of the role of jurisprudence to Criminal Justice and we may highlight the case of the first sex reassignment surgery which took place in Brazil back in 1970, when the surgeon was criminally prosecuted for practicing serious bodily harm. Forty years on from this episode, there has been social evolution and a change of values, with this type of surgery today being regulated by the Federal Council of Medicine. Put another way, we may say there has been no change in criminal law, but rather a change in social values and these changes are measured by case law, which facilitates the promotion of justice, one of the highest constitutional values explicitly mentioned in the Preamble to the Constitution of 1988 / Durante muito tempo a ciência do direito foi concebida pela perspectiva da jurisprudência dos conceitos, levando a uma concepção estática do fenômeno da normatividade com preponderância da metodologia lógico-sistêmica e do conceptualismo das leis, representado pela imagem da pirâmide dos conceitos . A partir dessa ilustração tornou-se usual a afirmativa de que não há direito penal vagando fora da lei penal. Era o reino do modelo jurídico-penal legal, com o predomínio do princípio da legalidade penal. Todavia, a insensatez do legislador fez com que surgissem quantidades significativas de leis penais, não razoáveis, e tipos penais falhos, tornando cada vez mais importante o papel da jurisprudência na solução dos casos penais e no preenchimento das lacunas da lei. Daí a relevância crescente do modelo jurídico jurisprudencial para a vivificação da ciência do direito penal. Assim é que se consuma o ingresso da ciência jurídica na jurisprudência dos interesses, em que os interesses, necessidades vitais, desejos, expectativas e papéis são entendidos como fatores causais do direito. Mais adiante, sob a batuta do neokantismo da escola sudocidental , desenvolve-se a jurisprudência dos valores na ciência do direito, em que os valores passam a ser encarados como um dos fatores relevantes para a interpretação do direito. A adoção do modelo jurídico jurisprudencial confere perspectiva dinâmica para a interpretação e concretização do direito coerente, com o tridimensionalismo jurídico postulado por Miguel Reale em que fato, valor e norma jurídica inserem-se num contexto dialético de implicação e polaridade. Nesse diapasão a presente dissertação promove a imersão dessas reflexões científicas no campo do direito penal, por entender que esse ramo ocupa posição central no ordenamento jurídico e no sistema político que, através dele, se expressa. É que no tratamento penal manifesta-se de forma mais sensível e por vezes dramática as relações jurídicas entre o poder público e a liberdade individual. Se a jurisprudência dos conceitos e o positivismo jurídico modelaram a ciência do direito penal para o formalismo dos tipos penais, o fato certo é que a jurisprudência dos valores se impôs juntamente com a estrutura tridimensional do direito a abranger o fato, o valor e a norma jurídica, de modo que o tipo penal tem um conteúdo valorativo imerso numa atmosfera cultural e histórica segundo os postulados do culturalismo jurídico. Avulta, pois, o papel da jurisprudência na justiça penal, consagrando os valores tutelados pela norma jurídica e avaliando a conduta humana pelo critério ético-social de sua existência, considerando o homem não apenas do ponto de vista abstrato de sua racionalidade, mas também do ponto de vista do homem concreto com o seu inconsciente irracional. Alfim, são apresentados alguns casos paradigmáticos para robustecer a relevância do papel da jurisprudência para a Justiça Penal, sendo possível destacar o caso da primeira cirurgia de redesignação de sexos ocorrida no Brasil nos idos de 1970, em que o cirurgião foi processado criminalmente pela prática de lesão corporal de natureza grave. Passados quarenta anos desse episódio, houve evolução social e mudança de valores sendo esse tipo de cirurgia nos dias de hoje regulamentado pelo Conselho Federal de Medicina. Em outras palavras, não houve mudança da lei penal, mas sim mudanças nos valores sociais, mudanças essas que são aferidas pela jurisprudência, o que propicia a promoção da justiça que é um dos valores constitucionais supremos, expressamente previstos no Preâmbulo da Constituição da República de 1988

In the Spanish legal system, the workplace employee representation but may have certain similarities with the political representation (regulatory origin, not voluntary for the principal, democratic legitimacy) poses a specificity both the subjective perspective, to be circumscribed workers who make up the constituency, as a material arises as to represent the professional interests shared by a community of individuals united by an identical legal relationship derived from belonging to the same company. Its uniqueness is that this function can be assumed, concurrently, for two types: some representatives of elective basis; others, union base. This legal decision set a pluralistic model of subjects, but strongly interconnected functional dimension, due to differing legal natures. / En el ordenamiento jurídico español, el modelo de representación de los trabajadores en la empresa aunque pueda tener ciertas similitudes con la representación política (origen normativo y no voluntario para el representado, legitimidad democrática) plantea una especificidad tanto desde la perspectiva subjetiva, al quedar circunscrita a los trabajadores que conforman la circunscripción electoral, como material pues surge para la representación de los intereses profesionales compartidos por una colectividad de sujetos unidos por una idéntica vinculación jurídica, derivada de la pertenencia a la misma plantilla. Su singularidad es que esta función puede ser asumida, de manera concurrente, por dos tipos de sujetos: unos representantes de base electiva; otros, de base sindical, configurando con esta decisión legal un modelo pluralista de sujetos que, aunque fuertemente interconectado en su dimensión funcional, obedece a naturalezas jurídicas distintas.

Submitted by André Rosilho (arosilho20@gmail.com) on 2011-12-02T13:49:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 20111018 - Versão Final Dissertação (depósito) .pdf: 1888418 bytes, checksum: a256425fdfd27ab500cc6c3bad20108d (MD5) / Rejected by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br), reason: Prezado André, A 4ª folha deve conter a composição da banca. Favor verificar o exemplo no item de normalização de trabalhos, disponível no site da biblioteca. att, Secretaria de Registro. on 2011-12-02T14:57:26Z (GMT) / Submitted by André Rosilho (arosilho20@gmail.com) on 2011-12-02T19:05:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 20111018 - Versão Final Dissertação (depósito) .pdf: 1888910 bytes, checksum: 1ce46540d98c00fada82782bea68259f (MD5) / Rejected by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br), reason: Prezado André, Na 4ª folha falta o seu nome no cabeçalho, logo abaixo o título de sua dissertação e na sequencia o texto: "Dissertação apresentada à Escola de Direito de São Paulo da Fundação Getulio Vargas, como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Direito" Favor verificar exemplo no link da Biblioteca, serviços, manuais: normalização de trabalhos acadêmicos. Att, Secretaria de Registro on 2011-12-05T11:03:49Z (GMT) / Submitted by André Rosilho (arosilho20@gmail.com) on 2011-12-05T17:12:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 20111018 - Versão Final Dissertação (depósito) .pdf: 1884801 bytes, checksum: 9d03b7ba55c309814844a512130afeeb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2011-12-06T14:34:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 20111018 - Versão Final Dissertação (depósito) .pdf: 1884801 bytes, checksum: 9d03b7ba55c309814844a512130afeeb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-12-06T15:04:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 20111018 - Versão Final Dissertação (depósito) .pdf: 1884801 bytes, checksum: 9d03b7ba55c309814844a512130afeeb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-01 / The research aims to understand the characteristics and objectives of the current legal model of public procurement in Brazil. It wants to analyze the course and the context of federal legislative reforms undertaken on the subject. The research identifies that up to the enactment of Law nº 8.666/93, the institute of public bidding was characterized by a process of increasing legalization focused, on one hand, in the expansion of the duty to bid and, on the other hand, the unification of the bidding system in the public administration. It also noted that there was a trend whose apex was reached when Law nº 8666/93 was passed, aimed at restricting the discretion of the public administrator to decide, in specific cases, the best way to bid. Also notes that special interest groups – the average emerging contractors – were able to capture the legalization process of the procurement system, and influence it in their favor. Finally, it showed that the general legislation on public procurement have been built on a model of law excessively standardized and rigid, that was responsible, directly and indirectly, to the fragmentation of the procurement system. / A pesquisa tem o objetivo de compreender as características e objetivos do atual modelo legal das licitações públicas no Brasil. Para isso, propõe a análise do percurso e do contexto das reformas legislativas federais realizadas sobre o tema. A pesquisa identifica que até a edição da Lei nº 8.666/93 o instituto das licitações públicas foi marcado por um processo de crescente legalização voltado, de um lado, à ampliação do dever de licitar e, do outro, à unificação do regime das licitações a que os entes da administração pública da União, dos Estados e dos Municípios estão sujeitos. Também constatou haver uma tendência, cujo ápice se atingiu com a edição da Lei nº 8.666/93, voltada à restrição da discricionariedade do administrador público para decidir, concretamente, a melhor forma de licitar. Verificou, ainda, que o processo de legalização das licitações resultante na Lei nº 8.666/93 foi capturado por grupos de interesses específicos – as médias empreiteiras emergentes – que foram capazes de influir em seu favor na modelagem das normas jurídicas. Por fim, demonstrou que o fato de a legislação geral sobre licitações públicas ter sido construída sobre um modelo legal excessivamente normatizado, rígido e procedimentalizado foi responsável, direta e indiretamente, pela fragmentação do sistema de licitações e contratos e pelo surgimento de um movimento de fuga da Lei nº 8.666/93.

Face à la crise financière de 2008, l’Union européenne a intensifié la contrainte pesant sur les États dont la gestion des finances publiques est désormais strictement encadrée. Des objectifs à moyen terme leurs sont assignés dont l’irrespect peut être sanctionné par des amendes (sanctions pécuniaires) ou la perte du droit de vote (sanctions politiques). Des codes de bonne conduite, des guides et des chartes (soft law), fondés sur la mise en commun d’expériences de terrain, proposent des mesures censées favoriser leur intégration. Cette méthode uniforme et centrée sur la gestion et les instruments de maîtrise des finances publiques, devient contraignante lorsqu’elle est transposée en droit national et son assise juridique peut varier selon le degré de protection qui lui est accordée. Le droit public financier, principal vecteur de modernisation de l’État, est profondément remanié à l’aune de ces nouveaux préceptes. Dans ce contexte et au-delà, de fortes tensions pèsent sur la responsabilité financière des institutions et des décideurs publics, et particulièrement dans le secteur local, objet de la recherche. Classiquement, la responsabilité financière est une responsabilité juridique fondée sur le bon emploi des deniers publics, c’est-à-dire leur emploi régulier. Elle sanctionne exclusivement et juridictionnellement le non-respect des règles et des principes du droit public financier local établis dans l’intérêt général. Ce cadre est aujourd’hui mis en question par la gestion publique : aux préoccupations de régularité, s’ajoutent (se substituent parfois) les impératifs d’efficacité et d’efficience, principaux indicateurs de la performance publique. L’efficacité apprécie le degré de réalisation des objectifs de l'action et l’efficience étudie la relation entre les coûts et les résultats de l’action. Dès lors, la question se pose de savoir si le droit a la capacité de sanctionner selon ces critères et si cela serait pertinent. Si l’adaptation des régimes juridiques de responsabilité à ces enjeux n’a pas abouti, de vrais changements s’opèrent aujourd’hui, souvent en marge du droit. En effet, un nouveau modèle de responsabilité se met en place à tous les niveaux du secteur public. Fondé sur les notions de performance et d’autonomie asymétrique, il impose à l’ensemble des acteurs publics locaux de s’engager à atteindre un certain nombre d’objectifs préalablement fixés dont les résultats sont évalués en termes d’efficience et d’efficacité, et parfois sanctionnés. Donc plutôt que de réformer la responsabilité juridique, le choix semble fait d’adopter une vision extensive de la responsabilité financière : la responsabilité managériale, à côté de la responsabilité juridique. Cette juxtaposition de deux logiques d’essence différente, voire contradictoires, interroge sur les conditions de leur coexistence, dans un État de droit. / Faced with the financial crisis of 2008, the European Union has intensified the constraint on states whose public finance management is now strictly regulated. Medium-term objectives are assigned to them, which may result in fines (financial penalties) or loss of the right to vote (political sanctions). Codes of conduct, guides and charters (soft law), based on the sharing of experiences on the ground, propose measures to promote their integration. This uniform method, centered on management and public finance control instruments, becomes binding when it is transposed into national law and its legal basis may vary according to the degree of protection granted to it. Public financial law, the main vector of modernization of the public sector, is profoundly altered in the light of these new precepts. In this context and beyond, strong tensions weigh on the financial responsibility of public institutions and managers, including in the local sector, which is the subject of research. Classically, financial responsibility is a legal responsibility based on the good use of public funds, that is, their regular employment. It sanctions exclusively and jurisdictionally the failure to respect the rules and principles of local public financial law defined in the general interest. This framework is now called into question by the new public management (NGP): to the concerns of regularity, are added (sometimes replaced) the imperatives of effectiveness and efficiency. Effectiveness assesses the degree of achievement of the objectives of the action and efficiency studies the relationship between the costs of the action and the benefits it provides. Therefore, the question arises whether the right has the capacity to sanction according to these criteria and whether it would be relevant. If the adaptation of legal regimes of responsibility to these issues has not succeeded, real changes are taking place today, often on the margins of the law. Indeed, a new model of accountability is being put in place at all levels of the public sector. Based on the notions of performance and asymmetric autonomy, it requires all local public actors to commit themselves to achieving a number of previously defined objectives whose results are evaluated in terms of efficiency and effectiveness, And sometimes punished. So rather than reforming the legal responsibility, the choice seems to be made of adopting an extensive view of financial responsibility: managerial responsibility, alongside legal responsibility.

Alors que la doctrine juridique française ne semble porter qu’un intérêt relatif pour les droits étrangers entre 1815 et 1869, elle recourt au contraire de façon intensive au droit comparé entre 1869 et 1914. Comment expliquer ce basculement ? La première période est marquée par le silence d’une large partie de la doctrine relativement aux droits étrangers : ayant à sa disposition de véritables modèles juridiques (les codes napoléoniens), celle-ci ne ressent effectivement pas le besoin de porter son regard au-delà des frontières nationales mais se concentre presque exclusivement sur les seuls textes de ces codes nouveaux. En matière d’enseignement, cela se traduit notamment par l’adoption de la méthode exégétique ; d’ailleurs encouragée par l’Etat… Bien qu’une poignée de juristes français s’élève rapidement contre cette méthode qu’ils jugent insatisfaisante, les pionniers de la comparaison juridique ne forment alors que le cercle restreint des membres de la doctrine française. Mais ils annoncent et préparent leurs successeurs à l’ « ère comparative ». C’est en effet en 1869 qu’est fondée la Société de législation comparée, ses fondateurs pressentant en réalité dès cette date un « retard français », sur le plan juridique mais aussi dans les autres domaines (économie, enseignement, armée, sciences, etc.), qu’il sera difficile selon eux de combler. L’année suivante, la défaite de Sedan ne fait que confirmer leurs craintes. Surtout, elle pousse les jurisconsultes français à s’intéresser activement aux droits étrangers, en particulier celui du vainqueur. D’après eux, la comparaison juridique peut participer au « redressement français ». Du point de vue juridique, elle vise en effet à rénover le droit français et ses codes vieillissants. Ainsi s’explique, en définitive, l’intérêt grandissant porté par les plus célèbres juristes français de la fin du XIXe siècle et du début du XXe siècle au droit comparé. Certains auront même pour ambition de l’ériger en science. / While the French legal doctrine seems to be barely concerned about foreign laws between 1815 and 1869, it appeals intensively to comparative law between 1869 and 1914. How to explain this swing ? The first period was marked by the silence of a large part of the doctrine in respect of foreign laws : having at its disposal genuine legal models (the Napoleonic codes), the doctrine actually does not feel the need to look across national borders but almost exclusively focuses on the texts of these new codes. In terms of education, this is reflected by the adoption of the exegetical method ; incidentally encouraged by the state... Although a handful of French lawyers quickly rise against this method they consider unsatisfying, the pioneers of legal comparison then constitute the limited circle of members of the French doctrine. But they announce and prepare their successors for the "comparative era." It is indeed in 1869 that the Société de legislation comparée is founded, the founders actually foreseeing since then a "French delay" in legal terms but also in other fields (economy, education, military, science, etc.), that it will be difficult to fill. The following year, the defeat of Sedan confirmed their fears. Above all, it pushes the French jurisconsults to take an active interest in foreign laws, especially the one of the winner. According to them, the legal comparison can contribute to the "French recovery." From a legal perspective, it is indeed to restore French law and its aging code. This explains, ultimately, the growing interest by the most famous French jurists of the late XIXth and early XXth century for comparative law. Some will even have the ambition to erect it in science.

A tese busca identificar os elementos jurídicos e extrajurídicos que interferem sobre o comportamento judicial do Supremo Tribunal Federal. A análise é desenvolvida com base nos seguintes modelos decisórios: o modelo legalista, o modelo ideológico, o modelo institucional e o modelo estratégico de comportamento judicial. Ao longo do trabalho, examina-se a influência do direito, da ideologia, das normas que regem o Judiciário, das regras que regem as decisões colegiadas, do Poder Executivo, do Poder Legislativo, da opinião pública e da imprensa no processo decisório do Supremo Tribunal Federal. / This work aims at identifying legal and non-legal factors that interfere with Brazilian Supreme Court decisions. The analysis is developed with basis on the legal model, on the attitudinal model, on the institutional model and on the strategic model of judicial decision-making. It examines the influence of constitutional law, ideology, collegial process, Executive Power, Legislative Power, public opinion and of the media on Brazilian Supreme Court attitudes.

A tese busca identificar os elementos jurídicos e extrajurídicos que interferem sobre o comportamento judicial do Supremo Tribunal Federal. A análise é desenvolvida com base nos seguintes modelos decisórios: o modelo legalista, o modelo ideológico, o modelo institucional e o modelo estratégico de comportamento judicial. Ao longo do trabalho, examina-se a influência do direito, da ideologia, das normas que regem o Judiciário, das regras que regem as decisões colegiadas, do Poder Executivo, do Poder Legislativo, da opinião pública e da imprensa no processo decisório do Supremo Tribunal Federal. / This work aims at identifying legal and non-legal factors that interfere with Brazilian Supreme Court decisions. The analysis is developed with basis on the legal model, on the attitudinal model, on the institutional model and on the strategic model of judicial decision-making. It examines the influence of constitutional law, ideology, collegial process, Executive Power, Legislative Power, public opinion and of the media on Brazilian Supreme Court attitudes.