Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Social, do Trabalho e das Organizações, 2011. / Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2011-10-05T14:38:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_ClaraBrasilianaRibeiroCantal.pdf: 1289919 bytes, checksum: 4b982f2c076377dcc1d77c23110988c4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Camila Mendes(camila@bce.unb.br) on 2011-10-10T16:40:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_ClaraBrasilianaRibeiroCantal.pdf: 1289919 bytes, checksum: 4b982f2c076377dcc1d77c23110988c4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-10-10T16:40:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_ClaraBrasilianaRibeiroCantal.pdf: 1289919 bytes, checksum: 4b982f2c076377dcc1d77c23110988c4 (MD5) / Esse estudo teve como objetivo geral investigar as preocupações presentes no espaço de vida de adolescentes, como concebido por Kurt Lewin, considerando o contexto em que vivem e as características sociodemográficas comuns a esse grupo. A fim de cumprir o objetivo geral delineado, foi realizado um estudo subdividido em três fases. Na primeira fase, a versão traduzida da escala Things I Worry About [Coisas que me preocupam] foi aplicada em uma amostra de adolescentes do Distrito Federal, verificando-se sua estrutura fatorial. Na segunda fase, investigou-se, por meio de grupos focais, as preocupações existentes no espaço de vida desses adolescentes, visando identificar os temas e as áreas dessas preocupações. A diferente estrutura fatorial obtida na Fase I e as diferentes preocupações acessadas na Fase II corroboraram que as preocupações variam de acordo com o período temporal e o contexto social. Na terceira fase do estudo buscou-se identificar as preocupações mais frequentes entre adolescentes por grupo sociodemográfico. Os resultados das análises multivariadas da variância indicaram que todos os fatores são avaliados de forma diferente pelos participantes em função do local de residência, série cursada, sexo, faixa etária, religião e renda familiar. O conceito de espaço de vida explica o porquê das diferenças encontradas nos dois estudos. Se elementos diferentes ocupam o espaço de vida de adolescentes em variados contextos, as forças e a forma como essas forças afligem esses indivíduos também variam, assim como as preocupações existentes e relacionadas a esses elementos. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This study aimed to investigate adolescents’ worries under Kurt Lewin’s life space framework, considering the context in which they live and sociodemographic characteristics common to this group. In order to achieve the overall goal, one study subdivided in three phases was performed. In the first phase, a translated version of the Things I Worry About scale was applied to a sample of adolescents from Federal District, Brasília, Brazil, checking for it’s factorial structure. In the second phase, worries within adolescents’ lives were investigated through focus groups to identify issues and areas of worry. The different factorial structure obtained in Phase I and the different worries accessed in Phase II confirmed that worries vary depending on time and social context. The third phase of the study sought to identify the most common worries among adolescents by socio-demographic groups. The multivariate analysis’ results of variance indicated that all factors were evaluated differently by participants according to residence’s place, school grade, sex, age, religion and family income. The life space concept explains the differences found in both studies. If different elements occupy adolescents’ life space in various contexts, the forces and the way in which these forces afflict these individuals also vary, as well as existing worries related to these elements.

Much has been written in academic and popular publications about organizational change. Topics have ranged from case studies to anecdotal stories of how leaders can change an organization. There is little written on changing the culture and vision of a profession at the macro level. This dissertation shows that one key to effecting change within a profession is to educate those at the entrant level and thereby effect change with the profession. Over time, these new entrants to the profession will rise to senior positions and be able to effect greater change through the hiring, training, and mentoring processes inherent in the professions and the organizations for which they work. One way to effect change in these entrants is through education in college and professional schools. This study is specifically focused on effecting change in the interdisciplinary field of engineering and public policy. Public policy involves countless infrastructure issues at all levels of government. Engineers are well-versed in dealing with the technical issues of infrastructure but their voice is often lacking at the policy level. Similarly, political scientists are well-versed in policy but are often lacking in a thorough understanding of the technical aspects of the policy. Through an introductory course in engineering and public policy, undergraduate students from the seemingly disparate fields of engineering and political science were placed in a common classroom and through lectures, writings, presentations, and guided discussions their attitudes on key areas were changed. Areas studied were professional interest, legitimacy, deference, the public policy process, and education outside of a specific field. Through the process of education, changes in each of these areas was possible. Further, the movement was towards making students in each discipline more open to the input, opinions, and attitudes of others, and specifically in shifting engineers toward a more positive view of the public policy process. Being exposed to these topics and to each other’s thought processes, changes in professional attitudes were made. While there is not a specific profession for which any research has been done, the military is used, in places, as an analog to the profession of engineering.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Trata-se de uma investigaÃÃo sobre as dualidades conceptuais saÃde/doenÃa e normal/patolÃgico em Freud. Mediante a perspectiva epistemolÃgica de Kurt Lewin, buscamos saber o quanto estas dualidades expressariam o modo de pensamento galilÃico e o que hà do modo aristotÃlico. Ora, uma vez que Freud oscilou entre as duas formas de pensamento, procuramos, no seu prÃprio texto, algumas indicaÃÃes que pudessem servir como referÃncia galilÃica suplementar. Consideramos que ao falar sobre plasticidade e adesividade libidinais, ele teria estabelecido um continuum entre estas categorias em relaÃÃo: em vez de opÃ-las em dicotomias aristotÃlicas, ele as teria conectado dialeticamente como verdadeiras dualidades ou sÃries de fenÃmenos que compreenderiam uma variaÃÃo contÃnua entre si. Tal justificaria o reconhecimento de que fases de transiÃÃo estariam sempre presentes entre a normalidade e a patologia, e saÃde e doenÃa, respectivamente. Supondo que Freud tenha apenas raciocinado mediante tal lÃgica, nÃo chegando a formalizÃ-la epistemologicamente, tentamos formalizÃ-la com a ajuda do que Canguilhem expÃs sobre a normatividade de vida e as diferenÃas entre normalidade e saÃde e, anormalidade e patologia. Verificamos que (1) as dualidades acima referidas expressam amplamente o modo de pensamento galilÃico, mormente quanto Ãs neuroses; ele as concebeu como sÃries de fenÃmenos que compreendem uma variaÃÃo contÃnua entre si. (2) Apesar da distinÃÃo entre seus campos de referÃncia, a lÃgica que descobrimos haver em Freud à algo comparÃvel com o que Canguilhem atribuiu à normatividade vital. / We search here about two kinds of conceptual dualities in Freud: health/disease and normality/pathology. By means of Kurt Lewinâs epistemological perspective, we seek to know how these dualities could correspond to Galilean and Aristotelian ways of scientific thought. Having evidenced that Freud had shown an oscillation between the modes of scientific thought, we have sought, through Freudâs own works, some indication which would help as a supplementary Galilean reference. We considerate, then, that Freudâs view on plasticity and adhesiveness of libido present the idea of a continuum between the two phenomena. That is, instead of opposing them in the way of the Aristotelian dichotomies, Freud has dialectically connected them as dualities and series of phenomena which show internal and continuous variation among themselves. This testifies the existence of some phases of transition between normality and pathology and health and disease. Once Freud had only conceived but never formalized his idea in epistemological terms, we have tried to do this. By means of Canguilhem theory life normativity and the differences between normality and health as well as abnormality and pathology, we have found out that: (1) the above mentioned dualities correspond to the Galilean way of thought; this occurs mainly when Freud refers to neurosis; Freud conceived them as a series of phenomena that show internal and continued interconnection. (2) Despite the difference between their fields of reference, the logic found in Freud is somewhat comparable to what Canguilhem attributed to life normativity.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka, beskriva och analysera musiklärares syn på sitt arbete med gruppdynamik i ensembleundervisning inom olika musikgenrer. Metoden som har använts för att uppnå detta är kvalitativa intervjuer enligt hermeneutisk metod samt analyser. Analyserna utgår från teoretiska perspektiv hämtade från Lewin, Forsyth och Blumer och används för att definiera informanternas syn på ensembler samt beskriva hur olika faktorer påverkar varandra när det gäller dynamik i grupper. Resultatet handlar om hur informanterna definierar grupperna de leder och därigenom vad de anser skapar en grupp. Det handlar även om vilken energi som finns i en grupp, hur informanterna går till väga för att fånga gruppen i stunden samt varför de anser det vara viktigt och hur gruppers sammansättning påverkar gruppdynamiken och lärandesituationen. Sammanfattningen av analysen genom Lewins formel gav bland annat att energin i grupper har en framträdande roll för informanterna, till exempel hur någon(-s) energi påverkar annan(-s) energi. Lärare och elevers dagsform gör att de påverkar på olika sätt samt är olika mycket mottagliga, och att det aldrig går att förutse hur en grupplektion kommer att bli. Analysen genom Lewins formel visar också i informanternas svar att ensemblen är beroende av sammansättningen av elever, vilka elever som kom just den dagen, och vad de varit med om. Lärarens jobb är att kunna hantera situationen i stunden och vara beredd på föränderligheten. / The purpose of this study is to explore, describe and analyze the views of music teachers and their work with group dynamics in student ensembles in various musical genres. The applied method in this study is qualitative interviews according to phenomenological methodology and analysis. The theoretical perspectives are taken from Lewin, Forsyth and Blumer, and are used to define the perspectives of the informants regarding ensembles and how they affect each other regarding group dynamics. The result appertains to how the informants define the groups they are leading, and thus what they consider creates a group. It is also about the energy contained in a group, how the informants are capturing the group at a particular moment and why they believe this is important and how the make-up of a group affects the group dynamics and the learning situation. The summary of the analysis by Lewin's formula states that the energy of the groups have a prominent role for the informants, such as how some/someone’s energy affects another/another’s energy. The emotional state of teachers and students make an impact in different ways and are also affected in various ways, and that it is impossible to predict how a group lesson will be. The analysis by Lewin's formula related to the result also indicates that the ensemble depends on the composition of students. Which students who came that day, and in which mental state they are. The teacher's duty is to handle the situation at hand, and be prepared for the unexpected.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar a psicologia dos Agentes de Segurança Penitenciária (ASPs), como integrantes de um grupo profissional no exercício de sua função no interior do cárcere. O referencial teórico foi a Teoria de Campo de Kurt LEWIN, com destaque para os conceitos de espaço de vida, pessoa e ambiente, regiões, barreiras, locomoção e tempo. O objeto de estudo foi 27 ASPs de duas Penitenciárias masculinas do Estado de São Paulo. Esses agentes foram observados em três situações de trabalho, especialmente nas portarias e nas gaiolas das penitenciárias, durante 120 horas, ou dez plantões. As observações, de matiz etnográfico, que incluíram ações, gestos, palavras e ambiente físico, foram registradas em cadernos de campo. A análise das observações foi realizada mediante a leitura dos conceitos lewinianos, subsidiada por outros estudos das prisões e das relações grupais no interior do cárcere. A sistematização das análises permitiu inferir que: i) o ambiente das prisões não é apenas perigoso e insalubre, como também lugar de trabalho precarizado e pauperizado; ii) as pessoas dos ASPs ressentem-se da condição inadequada de trabalho, mas poucos conseguem, no sentido da transformação do ambiente; iii) as más condições de trabalho levam à precarização da própria existência pessoal dos ASPs; iv) o ambiente da prisão leva à vitimização das pessoas, sejam funcionários ou presos. Os resultados foram discutidos à luz dos conceitos enunciados, que permitiram esclarecer, do ponto de vista psicossocial, o exercício da função do ASP como identidade profissional paradoxal: ora agente repressor, ora agente ressocializador. Essa ambiguidade característica resulta de uma situação de equilíbrio precário entre regiões de valências opostas e entre forças de natureza diversa, além de ser resultante da interação com o ambiente, que inclui o grupo dos ASPs e o grupo dos presos / The aim of this research was analyzing the psychology of correctional officers as members of a professional group carrying out their duty inside the prison. The theoretical reference was Kurt Lewins field theory, highlighting the concepts of life space, individual and environment, regions, barriers, locomotion and time. The purpose of the investigation was 27 correctional officers from two male correction facilities in Sao Paulo State. These officers were observed in three working situations, mainly in the gatehouses and in the prison cages, for 120 hours, or ten shifts. The observations, with ethnographic tone, which included actions, gestures, words and physical environment, were recorded in field notebooks. The analysis of the observations was accomplished through the reading of Lewinian concepts, helped by other studies on prisons and group relations inside the correction facilities. The systematization of the analyses helped inferring that: i) the environment of the correctional facilities is not only dangerous and unhealthy, but also fragile and meager; ii) the correctional officers, as human beings, are resentful of the inadequate working conditions, but few succeed, in the sense of environment transformation; iii) the bad working conditions lead to an impoverishment of the correctional officers personal existence itself; iv) the prison environment induces the victim hood of the individuals, officers and prisoners alike. The results were discussed in the light of the declared concepts, which allowed explain, in the psychosocial point of view, the correctional officers duty role as a paradoxical professional identity: sometimes a repressor agent, sometimes a resocializer agent. This distinctive ambiguity results from a precariously balanced situation among areas with opposed validity and among several different forces, and it is also a result of the interaction with the environment, which includes the group of correctional officers and the group of prisoners

O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar a psicologia dos Agentes de Segurança Penitenciária (ASPs), como integrantes de um grupo profissional no exercício de sua função no interior do cárcere. O referencial teórico foi a Teoria de Campo de Kurt LEWIN, com destaque para os conceitos de espaço de vida, pessoa e ambiente, regiões, barreiras, locomoção e tempo. O objeto de estudo foi 27 ASPs de duas Penitenciárias masculinas do Estado de São Paulo. Esses agentes foram observados em três situações de trabalho, especialmente nas portarias e nas gaiolas das penitenciárias, durante 120 horas, ou dez plantões. As observações, de matiz etnográfico, que incluíram ações, gestos, palavras e ambiente físico, foram registradas em cadernos de campo. A análise das observações foi realizada mediante a leitura dos conceitos lewinianos, subsidiada por outros estudos das prisões e das relações grupais no interior do cárcere. A sistematização das análises permitiu inferir que: i) o ambiente das prisões não é apenas perigoso e insalubre, como também lugar de trabalho precarizado e pauperizado; ii) as pessoas dos ASPs ressentem-se da condição inadequada de trabalho, mas poucos conseguem, no sentido da transformação do ambiente; iii) as más condições de trabalho levam à precarização da própria existência pessoal dos ASPs; iv) o ambiente da prisão leva à vitimização das pessoas, sejam funcionários ou presos. Os resultados foram discutidos à luz dos conceitos enunciados, que permitiram esclarecer, do ponto de vista psicossocial, o exercício da função do ASP como identidade profissional paradoxal: ora agente repressor, ora agente ressocializador. Essa ambiguidade característica resulta de uma situação de equilíbrio precário entre regiões de valências opostas e entre forças de natureza diversa, além de ser resultante da interação com o ambiente, que inclui o grupo dos ASPs e o grupo dos presos / The aim of this research was analyzing the psychology of correctional officers as members of a professional group carrying out their duty inside the prison. The theoretical reference was Kurt Lewins field theory, highlighting the concepts of life space, individual and environment, regions, barriers, locomotion and time. The purpose of the investigation was 27 correctional officers from two male correction facilities in Sao Paulo State. These officers were observed in three working situations, mainly in the gatehouses and in the prison cages, for 120 hours, or ten shifts. The observations, with ethnographic tone, which included actions, gestures, words and physical environment, were recorded in field notebooks. The analysis of the observations was accomplished through the reading of Lewinian concepts, helped by other studies on prisons and group relations inside the correction facilities. The systematization of the analyses helped inferring that: i) the environment of the correctional facilities is not only dangerous and unhealthy, but also fragile and meager; ii) the correctional officers, as human beings, are resentful of the inadequate working conditions, but few succeed, in the sense of environment transformation; iii) the bad working conditions lead to an impoverishment of the correctional officers personal existence itself; iv) the prison environment induces the victim hood of the individuals, officers and prisoners alike. The results were discussed in the light of the declared concepts, which allowed explain, in the psychosocial point of view, the correctional officers duty role as a paradoxical professional identity: sometimes a repressor agent, sometimes a resocializer agent. This distinctive ambiguity results from a precariously balanced situation among areas with opposed validity and among several different forces, and it is also a result of the interaction with the environment, which includes the group of correctional officers and the group of prisoners

Pedagogiska insatser för främjande av elevers relationsskapande i fritidshemmet är ett utvecklingsinriktat arbete som utfördes under våren 2017 i ett fritidshem på en mindre ort. Under en VFU (Verksamhetsförlagd utbildning) uppmärksammades ett utvecklingsområde. Barnen i verksamheten grupperade sig i mindre isolerade grupper, där medlemmarna sällan gick ur sina grupper och mötte andra barn i verksamheten. Utvecklingsarbetets syfte var att genom pedagogiska insatser främja varierade gruppkonstellationer. Arbetet har använt Lewins action research spiral som modell, samt inspirerats av Wengers sociala inlärningsteori, och har resulterat i två temaarbeten som skulle främja de varierande gruppkonstellationerna projektet sökte. Dessa temaarbeten följdes upp och utvärderades tillsammans med den befintliga personalen i verksamheten. För att skapa en nulägesanalys samt generera en god didaktisk bas för projektet har systematiska observationer gjorts i barngruppen. I dessa observationer har värdefull information framkommit som har varit betydande för såväl projektets uppstart som resultat. Genom arbetet har det visat sig vara svårt att påverka gruppkonstellationer och luckra upp inrutade mönster. Barnen i projektet påverkades i många fall utifrån olika gränsmarkeringar, så som kön, miljö, likheter och olikheter. Projektet kan därför visa vikten av ett aktivt genusarbete i skola/fritidshem samt pedagogens egen roll för att varierat möte ska ske för eleverna. De pedagogiska insatser detta projekt syftar till är att försöka skapa gemensamma intressen för barnen, som de sedan själva kan mötas i. Under arbetets gång har det visat sig att det inrymmer flera olika typer av handlingar i de pedagogiska insatserna för att främja varierande gruppkonstellationer.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Department of Music, March 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

This study is designed to observe what 21st century women‟s body ideal is, to give an insight to the women‟s body image representation on Instagram and to find out if social media influencer Michelle Lewin complies with this sociocultural image. Although there is an extensive amount of research on the mass media‟s effect on defining and imposing the ideals on women‟s body image, few studies have explored and focused on the image-based social media platform, Instagram. Instagram is an important space for body image research, as its content is mainly visual and everybody has the ability to be both a consumer and an active producer of the content. Mass media have been frequently accused of imposing limited and unachievable representations of femininity and consequently causing perceived women dissatisfaction with their bodies. As Instagram is becoming increasingly popular, it is important to explore potential ramifications of this social paradigm for current and future generations. In this study, I conduct a qualitative content analysis of images of the top fitspo influencer Michelle Lewin specifically focused on women‟s body image. By analyzing latest content (posts of the year 2018) from her Instagram account, I seek to understand what is the relation between the most common types of posts and the ones that receive most engagement from her followers. Finally the research reveals: the most common theme of the images coded are those where Michelle Lewin appears posing in a sexually suggestive manner, unrelated to any fitness activity – those are the images that receive highest engagement from her followers. My hypothesis where I state that Michelle Lewin depicts 21st century woman‟s body ideal ultimately proves right by the results of this study. At the end of the day, her body is the image of body ideal that she represents and commercializes though Instagram.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to summarize existing facts about Business Intelligence and to point out the benefits of using those applications in the company. This thesis therefore contains both theoretical and practical findings regarding Business Intelligence, used technologies and attitudes, and also areas for improvement with suggested solutions. Moreover, there is mapped a practical example with implementation of BI tools.