Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-07-03T13:51:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 liviafagundesnevesdorini.pdf: 3524562 bytes, checksum: ec179fc9425ea0cbb5fb82f393fd8c12 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T13:00:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 liviafagundesnevesdorini.pdf: 3524562 bytes, checksum: ec179fc9425ea0cbb5fb82f393fd8c12 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T13:00:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 liviafagundesnevesdorini.pdf: 3524562 bytes, checksum: ec179fc9425ea0cbb5fb82f393fd8c12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-19 / Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de pesquisa acerca das possíveis interfaces entre os letramentos cotidianos e escolares de um grupo de alunos de EJA da Prefeitura Municipal de Juiz de Fora/MG. A fim de cumprir o objetivo principal deste estudo, o qual diz respeito à verificação das relações entre os letramentos desenvolvidos no âmbito escolar e fora de seus domínios, foi necessário, inicialmente, compreender quais eram os eventos de letramento cotidianos (também denominados vernaculares) desse grupo de alunos e quais eram os eventos desenvolvidos durante as aulas de Língua Portuguesa na turma pesquisada, para uma posterior relação entre esses letramentos. Ainda foi preciso analisar as concepções de letramento e de currículo que norteavam as práticas educativas nesse contexto. Ao se refletir sobre as questões curriculares e sobre a materialização dos letramentos nas salas de aula, foi necessário, por fim, discutir o conceito de gênero textual e seus usos no ensino, uma vez que se defendeu que os letramentos podem ser desenvolvidos através desses artefatos e percebeu-se o quanto os currículos fundamentam-se nas teorias sociointeracionistas de linguagem, as quais consideram os gêneros enquanto instrumentos importantes no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de língua. A metodologia adotada neste trabalho foi a pesquisa qualitativa, com a utilização de três instrumentos principais: o questionário, o diário de participante e as entrevistas semiestruturadas (com os 8 alunos participantes e a professora da turma). A base teórica para a pesquisa foram os Novos Estudos do Letramento (STREET, 1984, 1993,1995, 2003, 2012, 2014); a Teoria Pós-Crítica de Currículo (SILVA, 2007; BARCELLOS, 2010; MOREIRA, 2011; MALTA, 2013; OLIVEIRA, 2013), e as Teorias de Gêneros da Escola de Genebra (DOLZ, NOVERRAZ e SCHNEUWLY, 2004) e da Nova-Retórica (BAZERMAN, 2005, 2011). Foram ainda utilizadas contribuições brasileiras no campo dos estudos do letramento, de Kleiman (1995, 2008, 2009, 2016), Soares (1998, 2004, 2010, 2011), Rojo (2008, 2009), dentre outros. As análises dos dados demonstraram que os letramentos vernaculares desses alunos compreendem eventos relativos à esfera familiar, profissional e religiosa e que pouco dizem respeito às esferas culturais e de lazer. Esses letramentos apresentaram relação com as identidades desses sujeitos enquanto alunos adultos e com obrigações familiares, profissionais e religiosas. Os eventos de letramento escolares, por outro lado, foram mapeados através das aulas observadas e pela entrevista com a professora e se traduziram, na maioria das vezes, em práticas de ensino tradicionais e, em diversos momentos, se afinaram com uma concepção de letramento autônomo. A análise das relações entre os letramentos vernaculares e escolares apontou para o fato de ainda haver pouca aproximação entre essas instâncias e para a necessidade de a escola ter um olhar mais cuidadoso com os letramentos locais dos alunos, em especial os de EJA, por serem sujeitos com uma bagagem de vida ampla e com tipos de letramentos mais diversificados, se comparados aos estudantes do ensino regular. A partir de um ensino voltado, inicialmente, para os letramentos cotidianos, enquanto pontos de partida, entende-se que podem ser desenvolvidos e ampliados os letramentos desses alunos, numa perspectiva ideológica, tal como defendida por Street (1984, 1993,1995, 2003, 2012, 2014). Espera-se, com este estudo, contribuir para as discussões no campo dos letramentos e com as pesquisas no contexto da modalidade de educação de jovens e adultos, acreditando-se que ainda há muito que se refletir sobre essas questões, a fim de que o ensino de Língua Portuguesa nesse espaço possa se traduzir em práticas eficazes e que garantam o acesso e a permanência de milhões de indivíduos que ainda não têm direito à leitura e à escrita no Brasil. / This work presents the research results on the possible interfaces between daily and school literacies of an EJA group (Youth and Adult Education) of students from the municipal schools from Juiz de Fora / MG. In order to meet the main objective of this study, which is related to the verification of the relations between the literacies developed in and out of the school, it was necessary, at first, to understand the daily (also called vernacular) literacy events of this group of students and the events developed during the Portuguese classes in the studied group. It was done that aiming at a later relation between these literacies. It was still necessary to analyze the conceptions of literacy and curriculum that guided the educational practices in this context. When reflecting on the curricular issues and on the materialization of the literacies in the classrooms, it was finally necessary to discuss the concept of textual genre and its applications in teaching, since we have argued that the literacies can be developed through these artifacts and we can see how curricula are based on the social interactionist theories of language, which consider the genres as important instruments in the process of teaching and learning the language. The methodology used in this study was the qualitative research of an ethnomethodological nature, with the use of three main instruments: the questionnaire, the participant journal and the semi-structured interviews (with the 8 students who were participating and the teacher of the group). The theoretical basis for the research were the New Literacy Studies (STREET, 1984, 1993, 1995, 2003, 2012, 2014); The Post-Critical Theory of Curriculum (Silva, 2007, Barcellos, 2010, Moreira, 2011, Malta, 2013, Oliveira, 2013), and the Geneva School Theories on Genres (Dolz, Noverraz and Schneuwly, 2004) and the Theory of New Rhetoric (Bazerman, 2005, 2011). Brazilian contributions were also used in the field of literacy studies, by Kleiman (1995, 2008, 2009, 2016), Soares (1998, 2004, 2010, 2011), Rojo (2008, 2009), among others. The data analysis showed that the vernacular literacies of these students comprise events related to the familiar, professional and religious spheres and these literacies do not concern the cultural and leisure spheres. These literacies were related to the identities of these subjects as adult students and with family, professional and religious obligations. The school literacy events, on the other hand, were mapped through the observed classes and the interview with the teacher. They were interpreted, in most cases, as traditional teaching practices and, at different times, were refined with a conception of an autonomous literacy. The analysis of the relations between vernacular and school literacies pointed to the fact that there is still a reduced approximation between these instances and to the need for the school to take a more careful look at the local literacy of its students, especially those of EJA, because they are subjects with broad life experiences and with more diversified literacy levels, when compared to the students of the regular education. From a teaching initially focused on everyday literacies as starting a point, it is understood that the literacy of these students can be developed and expanded, in an ideological perspective, as proposed by Street (1984, 1993, 1995, 2003, 2012, 2014). With this study, it is expected to contribute to the discussions in the field of literacy and research in the context of the modality of Youth and Adult Education. We believe that there is still much to be reflected on these issues, so that the teaching of Portuguese in this space can be translated into effective practices and that assure the access and permanence of millions of individuals who do not have the right to read and write in Brazil.

The dissertation Litteracitet genom interaktion [‘Literacy through Interaction’] spotlights how literacy interaction can work in the primary school’s multilinguistic environments. It investigates conversations that occur in and around teaching about writing. The study material was collected from three different schools from year zero to year three, and special focus is given to what I call literacy chains. These chains are connected by the fact that they all concern a writing assignment that every pupil must complete, which in my material involves the text types narrative, factual text and poem. During the teaching sequences that unfold, there is an interplay of literary events in connection with speech, writing and various artefacts. My main object of inquiry is the interaction that occurs in these literacy chains. The dissertation demonstrates that the teachers’ lessons with the class as a whole lead to fixed conversational patterns, with pupils asked questions that require specific responses. The conversations tend to form either a so-called IRE pattern, where the reader’s initiative for a question demands a given answer in response which is then evaluated by the teacher, or a list pattern, with the pupils filling in answers. In situations involving the whole class, persistent, determined pupils are needed to break into the teacher’s monologue. When persistence wins out, from the pupil’s perspective, pupils can contribute new aspects to these conversations. In small groups and in one-on-one conversations, there are more pupil initiatives, since conversational patterns are not as fixed or predetermined. One key finding is that multilinguistic resources are sometimes made use of even though the schoolwork is usually based on a single-language conversational norm. Yet it is clear that multilingualism is a useful resource regardless of the teacher’s language background. On several occasions, we encounter participants who together construct a multilinguistic environment where languages are interwoven. All three literacy chains provide pupils with clear templates for writing, which determine what the pupils are supposed to do. The writing template in the poem chain serves as support for their writing but is not a straitjacket. This can be compared to the template for the factual text, which includes a copy of the model text. The written language norm of writing properly is communicated in great detail by the teachers to the pupils. Writing properly is not just having good, legible handwriting, but in school the writing norms to be applied in writing assignments are made relevant. On a more general level, the study illustrates that material resources vary in the schools, from green chalkboards to classroom resources that include laptops. However, schoolwork is predicated on paper-based writing. There is built-in stress, since schoolwork is governed by time, with a schedule that determines learning activities down to the minute, with them ending at a precise time. There is a race against time. / Avhandlingen belyser hur litteracitetsinteraktion kan gå till i grundskolans flerspråkiga miljöer. Det handlar om samtal som uppstår i och kring skrivundervisning. Undersökningsmaterialet är insamlat från tre olika skolor inom skolår F-3, och i det materialet är det särskilt det som jag kallar litteracitetskedjor som uppmärksammas. Kedjorna hålls samman av att de berör en gemensam skrivuppgift, som i mitt material handlar om texttyperna berättelse, faktatext och dikt. I de undervisningsförlopp som uppstår samsas litteracitetshändelser knutna till tal, skrift och olika artefakter. Mitt huvudsakliga analysobjekt är interaktionen som uppstår inom litteracitetskedjorna. Avhandlingen visar att lärarnas genomgångar i helklass leder till fasta samtalsmönster genom att de ställer frågor till eleverna som kräver bestämda svar. Samtalen tenderar att bygga antingen på s.k. IRE-mönster, där läsarens frågeinitiativ pockar på ett givet svar som respons, vilket sedan evalueras av läraren, eller på ett listmönster, där elever fyller i svar. I helklassituationer krävs det envisa och målmedvetna elever för att bryta igenom lärarmonologen. Genom att trägen vinner, ur elevperspektiv, kan eleverna bidra med nya aspekter till samtalen. I smågrupper och samtal en mot en förekommer fler elevinitiativ, eftersom samtalsmönstren inte är så fasta och förutbestämda. Ett viktigt resultat är att flerspråkiga resurser ibland tas i bruk, även om skolarbetet oftast bygger på en enspråkig samtalsnorm. Men det är tydligt att flerspråkighet är en användbar resurs oavsett lärarens språkbakgrund. Vi möter vid några tillfällen deltagare som tillsammans konstruerar en flerspråkig miljö där språken flätas ihop. Alla tre litteracitetskedjorna erbjuder elever tydliga skrivmallar, vilket reglerar vad eleverna ska göra. Skrivmallen i diktkedjan fungerar som ett stöd för skrivandet, men ingen tvångströja. Att jämföra med faktatexten där det sker en avskrift av modelltexten. Skriftspråksnormen att skriva fint förmedlas nogsamt av lärarna till eleverna. Skriva fint är inte bara att ha en fin och läsduglig handstil, utan i skolan relevantgörs de normer för skrift som ska tillämpas i skrivuppgifter. På ett mer allmänt plan illustrerar undersökningen att materiella resurser varierar i skolorna från den gröna krittavlan till klassuppsättningar med laptoppar. Skolan stöder sig dock på en pappersbaserad skriftlighet. Det finns en inbyggd stress, för skolarbete är reglerat av tid. Skolan regleras av ett minutbundet tidsschema och de lärande aktiviteterna klipps av utifrån exakta klockslag. Det pågår en kapplöpning med tiden.

This doctoral thesis centres on six children, aged four to nine, who relatively recently immigrated to Sweden. The children’s encounters with literacy are in focus. These children are not only new arrivals to Sweden, they also have in common that Swedish is their second language and that their parents have had little or no formal education prior to arriving in Sweden. The study draws on sociocultural approaches to literacy, and more specifically the field of New Literacy Studies. In this study, reading and writing are viewed as social practices comprising different related sociocultural aspects such as norms, values, habits, traditions and ideologies, and the study concentrates on social and ideological perspectives on literacy. Bourdieu’s notions of habitus and symbolic capital have also been used for the analysis. The empirical material was collected through an ethnographic approach. Each child was followed for one year, particularly at school/preschool. The children’s homes were also visited, and their parents and teachers were interviewed. Observations involved different degrees of participation and were documented through field notes and photographs. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. In addition, artefacts and school material from the field were collected or photographed. A qualitative content analysis of the collected data was performed. The analysis show that sociocultural incongruence, coupled with flawed communication between the schools and the homes, caused the children less continuity between school and home practices. Though, the results also show, that the children studied to a considerable extent adapted to the monolingual, homogenous norms when they participated in school practices. These children are therefore highly adaptable, while their teachers found it much harder to handle or even be aware of sociocultural incongruences. / I denna avhandling studeras litteracitetspraktiker hos en grupp nyanlända barn i åldrar mellan fyra och tio år. Det specifika för barnen är att deras föräldrar inte har någon eller endast en kort skolbakgrund från ursprungslandet. Under ett års tid har barnen följts i förskolan eller skolan samt i hemmet. Deras föräldrar och lärare har också intervjuats. Avhandlingens syfte är att skapa förståelse för hur samspelet runt barnens språkande ter sig samt vilka förutsättningar och villkor som råder för detta samspel. Studien visar hur barnen skapar kontinuitet mellan hemmet och skolan, trots att deras tidigare erfarenheter och modersmål har en ytterst perifer plats i skolans och förskolans litteracitetspraktiker och trots att kommunikationen mellan skolan/förskolan och hemmet haltar. Barnen och deras föräldrar strävar efter att anpassa sig till de svenskspråkiga och monokulturella normer som skolans och förskolans litteracitetspraktiker vilar på. Avhandlingens bidrag är att öka kunskapen om hur nyanlända barn, och i synnerhet barn till föräldrar utan eller med endast kort skolbakgrund, bättre kan tas emot i skolan och förskolan.

Prior studies based on data in the United States demonstrate that parental reading beliefs are significantly influenced by demographic characteristics, and their beliefs are significant predictors of home literacy practices and children's literacy development. Based on these findings, a model of parental reading beliefs was developed and tested. This study examined whether components within this model based on prior research findings in the United States would generalize to a sample of families in China. The study employed quantitative research methods, and parental reading beliefs, home literacy practices, children's reading interests, children's literacy development and literacy development served as variables. Instruments used to measure these five variables had been used in prior studies, and were adopted, modified, and translated into Chinese. The social-economic status (SES) of the family, gender and employment status of parents were controlled throughout the study. The sample for this study consisted of 795 parents of three- to four-year-old children attending Level A preschools in Shanghai. Participants were recruited through teachers in preschools, and data were collected via an online surveytool (SurveyMonkey ® ). Multiple regression analysis was used as the main statistical method to examine the associations between parental reading beliefs, home literacy practices, children's reading interest, and children's literacy and cognitive development, while incorporating control variables. Research findings demonstrated that demographic characteristics like socioeconomic status( SES), parents' gender and employment influenced parental reading beliefs significantly (p < .001); home literacy environments, children's reading interests, children's development both in literacy and cognition were closely related with parental reading beliefs (p < .001); although both parents' beliefs influence home literacy practices, mothers' beliefs played a more significant role in creating home literacy environments; the association of parental reading beliefs with children's reading interests and between parental reading beliefs and literacy development were mediated by home literacy practices; and the associations of parental reading beliefs with children's literacy and between cognition were mediated by children's reading interest. The present study demonstrated that the many parts of the model of parental reading beliefs may be generalized to a Chinese sample.

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The pace of technological advancement and growth in the twenty-first century continues to soar at unprecedented levels and beyond human imagination. As the fourth industrial revolution unfolds, it has become increasingly difficult to predict the direction technological innovation will take in the not too distant future. Digital technologies have become an integral part of every aspect of human existence (work, play, schooling and personal relationships). The purpose of this study was to explore the various ways mobile technological gadgets like cell phones, tablets and laptops could be leveraged to promote a culture of leisure reading amongst a group of Zimbabwean adolescent learners. Data was collected using the literacy practices interview, mobile reading diaries, focus group interviews and the researcher’s personal field notes. Theoretically, the study was guided primarily by Urie Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological systems theory. Also, the study was supported by Guthrie and Wigfield's reader engagement model and Turner and Hicks' connected reader model. The empirical data collected through the data collection instruments were analysed inductively. The findings revealed that adolescent learners are a digital generation whose reading needs are ever growing and expectations are ever changing. The adolescent participants expect their reading to be like the rest of their digital lives, which is quick, uninterrupted, personalised and smart. It was found that the adolescent participants like to read on their terms, as they dislike being told when to read or what to read. Three reader identities were revealed namely; the eager reader, the ‘fifty fifty’ reader and the non-reader. The adolescent participants who were not already mobile readers readily accepted and adopted mobile reading as it afforded them vast reading opportunities. Besides, the findings of the study revealed that participants encountered many challenges, which in some instances militated against their mobile reading endeavours. These challenges were because of mobile phone use restrictions in schools, prohibitive data costs, a strong emphasis on academic reading as opposed to leisure reading and internet connectivity problems amongst other issues. In this study, the recommendations and guidelines outlined provide a framework with which schools, parents, mobile reading application developers and policymakers can adopt to support a robust mobile reading culture amongst Zimbabwean adolescent learners. The researcher concluded that mobile reading devices are a novel, noble and credible means through which they can foster positive leisure literacy practices amongst Zimbabwean adolescents. / Language Education, Arts and Culture / Ph. D. (Curriculum and Instructional Studies)

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