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11	Böll e Kempowski: representação da Segunda Guerra Mundial em um romance (Wo warst du, Adam?) e em um \"diário coletivo\"(Das Echolot) / Böll and Kempowski: representation of World War II in a novel (Wo warst du, Adam?) And a \"collective diary\" (Das Echolot) Claire Parot de Sousa 27 May 2010 (has links) O romance Wo warst du, Adam? (1951), de Heinrich Böll, e o \"diário coletivo\" Das Echolot. Barbarossa \'41. (2002), de Walter Kempowski, são representações literárias da Segunda Guerra Mundial. O romance foi escrito e publicado no período do pós-guerra, quando a sociedade alemã se encontrava em meio ao sofrimento por perdas materiais, perdas de familiares, e, também, confusa com a manipulação propagandística que havia sofrido por parte do governo alemão. Começava, ainda, a ter acesso a informações sobre os horrores e crimes bárbaros que haviam sido cometidos por soldados nazistas, principalmente contra o povo judeu. O \"diário coletivo\", por sua vez, é formado por colagens de textos individuais autênticos, escritos em sua maioria durante os acontecimentos da Segunda Guerra Mundial, por seus participantes e por aqueles que vivenciaram tal período. Não há nenhuma voz que relacione os testemunhos, a interpretação de tantas vozes dissonantes fica a cargo, exclusivamente, do leitor. Por haver cinquenta anos de intervalo entre as publicações, além de diferenças quanto ao gênero literário, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar se a mudança de estrutura literária e a focalização das personagens/testemunhas estão ligadas à mudança da perspectiva atual da Segunda Guerra Mundial, a qual decorre da memória coletiva do grupo social sobre um acontecimento passado e da qual a literatura incorpora elementos. Não se trata de um estudo empírico sobre a recepção das duas obras literárias, mas sobre o potencial que as obras têm em configurar uma imagem da guerra para o leitor. Em função disso, estabelece-se uma comparação de algumas personagens e testemunhas centrais, não somente daquelas que participaram ativamente da guerra, mas também de quem esteve atento aos seus desdobramentos ou, ainda, a partir das perspectivas daqueles que seriam classificados como vítimas. O trabalho se abstrai de julgamentos pessoais sobre as testemunhas, mas os textos que produziram são analisados, comparando-as com as personagens ficcionais do romance. / The novel Wo warst du, Adam? (1951), from Heinrich Böll, and the \"collective diary\" Das Echolot. Barbarossa \'41. (2002), from Walter Kempowski, are literary representations of the Second World War. The novel was written and published in the post-war period, during which the german society found itself amidst suffering for material and for family losses, and also confused with the manipulative propaganda that had been used by the german government. The society was also gaining access to information about the horrors and hideous crimes that had been perpetrated by the nazi soldiers, especially against the jewish people. The \"collective diary\", on its turn, is composed by a collage of authentic individual texts written mostly during the Second World War, by people who participated in it and by those who lived during that period. There is no voice to connect the testimonies, and the interpretation of such an amount of dissonant voices is left exclusively to the reader. Because of the fifty-year period between the publications and the differences in literary style, this research aims at verifying if the change in literary structure and the focus on the characters/witnesses are connected to the change in the current perspective towards the Second World War, which derives from the collective memory of the social group regarding an event that took place in the past and from which literature incorporates some elements. This research is not an empirical study on the reception of both works. It studies the potential these works have in configuring an image of the war to the reader. Thus, a comparison is established between some characters and central witnesses, not only those who had actively participated in the war, but also those who had accompanied its developments, or even from the perspective of those qualified as victims. The work refrains from making judgements of the witnesses as individuals, but their texts are analyzed and they are compared with the fictional characters of the novel. Heinrich Böll Memória coletiva Representação literária da história Segunda Guerra Mundial Walter Kempowski Collective memory Heinrich Böll Literary representation of history Second World War Walter Kempowski
12	De quelques livres brûlés : la représentation d'autodafés de livres au Siècle des Lumières Leduc, Diane 08 1900 (has links) Ce mémoire étudie les autodafés de livres représentés dans trois textes français de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle : l’article « Bibliomanie » (1752) de l’Encyclopédie, écrit par Jean le Rond D’Alembert, le roman l’An deux mille quatre cent quarante. Rêve s’il en fut jamais (1770) de Louis Sébastien Mercier et la comédie le Bureau d’esprit (1776-1777) de Jean-Jacques Rutlidge. Il révèle, chez ces auteurs, une critique du livre qui paradoxalement s’accompagne de sa défense. Le premier chapitre décrit succinctement la croissance de l’imprimé en France, à l’époque, l’évolution des goûts en matière de lecture, et un imaginaire du livre dans lequel entrent une impression d’envahissement et une grande admiration pour l’écrit. Les trois chapitres subséquents suivent l’ordre chronologique de parution des textes retenus et analysent les scènes de livres brûlés qu’ils contiennent. D’Alembert et Mercier, non sans réserves, aimeraient jeter au feu la majorité des livres qui les entourent. Rutlidge constitue un cas particulier : l’autodafé vise un ouvrage précis, soit une traduction française de Shakespeare. Le mémoire, en conclusion, évoque quatre textes plus récents où sont rapportés des autodafés de livres : le poème « À qui la faute ? » de Victor Hugo, le roman Fahrenheit 451 de Ray Bradbury, la pièce les Combustibles d’Amélie Nothomb et le roman les Corpuscules de Krause de Sandra Gordon. Reprenant des idées présentes chez D’Alembert, Mercier et Rutlidge, ces œuvres illustrent leur richesse. / This thesis studies the burning of books as depicted in three French texts from the second half of the 18th century : the article “ Bibliomanie ” (1752) from the Encyclopédie, written by Jean le Rond D’Alembert, the novel l’An deux mille quatre cent quarante. Rêve s’il en fut jamais (1770) by Louis Sébastien Mercier, and the comedy le Bureau d’esprit by Jean-Jacques Rutlidge (1776-1777). These authors criticize books, but paradoxically defend their value. The first chapter is a succinct description of the growth of printed matter in France and of the changing tastes in reading. There is then a sense of being overwhelmed by the sheer volume of material, but at the same time a real admiration for writing itself. The next three chapters discuss the texts in chronological order, paying particular attention to the passages where books are burned. D’Alembert and Mercier, with some ambivalence, would like to commit to the flames most of the books which surround them. Rutlidge shows the ritual sacrifice of one work, a contemporary French translation of Shakespeare. In conclusion this thesis briefly considers four more recent texts dealing with the destruction of books : the poem “ À qui la faute ? ” by Victor Hugo, the novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the play les Combustibles by Amélie Nothomb, and the novel les Corpuscules de Krause by Sandra Gordon. These works develop ideas seen in D’Alembert, Mercier and Rutlidge, showing their worthiness. XVIIIe siècle Autodafé D'Alembert Mercier Rutlidge Réception de Shakespeare Encyclopédie 18th century Literary representation of burned books Auto-da-fé D'Alembert Mercier Rutlidge Reception of Shakespeare Encyclopédie
13	De quelques livres brûlés : la représentation d'autodafés de livres au Siècle des Lumières Leduc, Diane 08 1900 (has links) Ce mémoire étudie les autodafés de livres représentés dans trois textes français de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle : l’article « Bibliomanie » (1752) de l’Encyclopédie, écrit par Jean le Rond D’Alembert, le roman l’An deux mille quatre cent quarante. Rêve s’il en fut jamais (1770) de Louis Sébastien Mercier et la comédie le Bureau d’esprit (1776-1777) de Jean-Jacques Rutlidge. Il révèle, chez ces auteurs, une critique du livre qui paradoxalement s’accompagne de sa défense. Le premier chapitre décrit succinctement la croissance de l’imprimé en France, à l’époque, l’évolution des goûts en matière de lecture, et un imaginaire du livre dans lequel entrent une impression d’envahissement et une grande admiration pour l’écrit. Les trois chapitres subséquents suivent l’ordre chronologique de parution des textes retenus et analysent les scènes de livres brûlés qu’ils contiennent. D’Alembert et Mercier, non sans réserves, aimeraient jeter au feu la majorité des livres qui les entourent. Rutlidge constitue un cas particulier : l’autodafé vise un ouvrage précis, soit une traduction française de Shakespeare. Le mémoire, en conclusion, évoque quatre textes plus récents où sont rapportés des autodafés de livres : le poème « À qui la faute ? » de Victor Hugo, le roman Fahrenheit 451 de Ray Bradbury, la pièce les Combustibles d’Amélie Nothomb et le roman les Corpuscules de Krause de Sandra Gordon. Reprenant des idées présentes chez D’Alembert, Mercier et Rutlidge, ces œuvres illustrent leur richesse. / This thesis studies the burning of books as depicted in three French texts from the second half of the 18th century : the article “ Bibliomanie ” (1752) from the Encyclopédie, written by Jean le Rond D’Alembert, the novel l’An deux mille quatre cent quarante. Rêve s’il en fut jamais (1770) by Louis Sébastien Mercier, and the comedy le Bureau d’esprit by Jean-Jacques Rutlidge (1776-1777). These authors criticize books, but paradoxically defend their value. The first chapter is a succinct description of the growth of printed matter in France and of the changing tastes in reading. There is then a sense of being overwhelmed by the sheer volume of material, but at the same time a real admiration for writing itself. The next three chapters discuss the texts in chronological order, paying particular attention to the passages where books are burned. D’Alembert and Mercier, with some ambivalence, would like to commit to the flames most of the books which surround them. Rutlidge shows the ritual sacrifice of one work, a contemporary French translation of Shakespeare. In conclusion this thesis briefly considers four more recent texts dealing with the destruction of books : the poem “ À qui la faute ? ” by Victor Hugo, the novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, the play les Combustibles by Amélie Nothomb, and the novel les Corpuscules de Krause by Sandra Gordon. These works develop ideas seen in D’Alembert, Mercier and Rutlidge, showing their worthiness. XVIIIe siècle Autodafé D'Alembert Mercier Rutlidge Réception de Shakespeare Encyclopédie 18th century Literary representation of burned books Auto-da-fé D'Alembert Mercier Rutlidge Reception of Shakespeare Encyclopédie
14	These shining themes : the use and effects of figurative language in the poetry and prose of Anne Michaels Ristic, Danya 22 October 2011 (has links) This study explores the manner in which Anne Michaels uses figurative language, particularly metaphor, in her poetry and prose. In her first novel, Fugitive Pieces, and in certain of her poems, Michaels demonstrates the powers of language to destroy and to recuperate. For her, metaphor is not simply a literary device; it is an essential mechanism in the creation of an authentic story or poem. Moreover, in contrast to other figurative language such as euphemism, which she feels can be used to conceal the truth and make moral that which is immoral, metaphor in her view can be used to gain access to the truth and is therefore moral. Thus, as this study demonstrates, Michaels proposes as well as utilises the moral power of language. The ideas of four language theorists provide the basis of this study, and prove highly useful in application to Michaels’s work. With the aid of Certeau and Bourdieu, we examine Michaels’s participation in and literary presentation of the relationship of domination and subordination in which people seem to interact and which takes place partly through language. In the light of Ricoeur’s explication of the precise functions of metaphor, we discuss Fugitive Pieces as a novel whose engagement with the topic of the Holocaust in intensely emotive and figurative language makes it controversial in terms of what may or may not constitute the appropriate manner of Holocaust literary representation. Klemperer’s meticulous, first-hand study of the Nazis’ use of the German language during the period of the Third Reich proves illuminating in our exploration of the works of Michaels that feature themes of oppression and dispossession. In certain of her poems, Michaels stands in for real people and speaks in their voices. This is also a form of metaphor, this study suggests, as for the duration of each poem Michaels requires us to imagine that she is the real-life person who expresses him- or herself in the first person singular, which she patently is not. We could see this as appropriation and misrepresentation of those people’s lives and thoughts; however, with the aid of the notion of empathic identification we learn that Michaels’s approach is always empathic – she imaginatively places herself in various situations and people’s positions without ever losing her sense of individuality and separate identity, and her portrayal of their stories is always respectful and carefully considered. / Thesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / English / unrestricted Legitimate language Symbolic violence Oppression Domination Metaphorical truth Metaphor Figurative language Language theory Victor klemperer Pierre bourdieu Paul ricoeur Michel de certeau Anne michaels Corpse poetry Destructive language Recuperative language Moral language Empathic identification Holocaust literary representation UCTD
15	Le bagne colonial dans le roman français, 1851-1938 : genèse et structure / Penal colony in French novel, 1851-1938 : Genesis and structure Bouaziz, Mansour 05 March 2019 (has links) Le personnage du forçat est omniprésent dans la littérature française du XIXe et du début du XXe siècle. La représentation du monde des travaux forcés dans les bagnes portuaires et plus tard extra-métropolitains est à la croisée de la représentation plus large de la criminalité au XIXe siècle, selon un développement historique concomitant avec l’expansion coloniale. Les faits divers, ces petits bulletins d’alerte lancés comme une basse continue sur la cité, changent la manière de percevoir la criminalité. Obéissant à une structure particulière, le fait divers va remodeler la représentation littéraire de la criminalité. C’est ici qu’intervient le personnage du forçat. En effet, jouissant d’un statut particulier (mort/vivant/revenant), il offre aux romanciers des « conditions de possibilité » inédites jusque-là dans le monde des lettres. Jean Valjean, Monte-Cristo et Chéri-Bibi, pour ne citer que les plus connus, sont devenus des modèles dans ce qu’on peut appeler le « roman de la chiourme », (sous)-genre qui se développe en France à partir de 1830. Ainsi, Valjean donnera l’archétype du « forçat innocent », le converti miraculé et la réincarnation de Jésus-Christ. Monte-Cristo sera le Vengeur par excellence, dont le parcours donnera le modèle du genre – la vengeance étant un topos inévitable de la littérature populaire du XIXe siècle et jusqu’à nos jours. Chéri-Bibi quant à lui, au début du XXe siècle, incarne un tournant dans l’histoire du genre ; il serait au roman de la chiourme ce que Don Quichotte fut pour le roman de chevalerie : une somme et un dépassement. L’étude que nous proposons, centrée sur la « genèse et la structure » du roman du bagne, est un voyage à rebours dans l’histoire de ce genre qui ne dit pas son nom. / The character of convict is omnipresent in French literature of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The representation of the world of hard labor in metropolitan and colonial prisons is at the crossroads of the broader representation of crime in the nineteenth century, according to a concomitant historical development with colonial expansion. The miscellaneous news, these little newsletters launched continually on the city, change the way of perceiving crime. Obeying a specific structure, this type of news will reshape the literary representation of crime. This is where the character of the convict comes in. Indeed, enjoying a special status (dead/alive/revenant), it offers novelists "conditions of possibility" unseen until then in the world of letters. Jean Valjean, Monte-Cristo and Chéri-Bibi, to name only the well known, have become models in what we can call the "novel of the convicts", literary (sub)-genre which develops in France from 1830 onwards. Thus, Valjean will give the archetype of the "innocent convict", the miraculous convert and the reincarnation of Jesus Christ. Monte-Cristo will be the Avenger par excellence, whose course will be the model of the genre - revenge being an inevitable topos of popular literature of the nineteenth century and until today. As for Chéri-Bibi, at the beginning of the twentieth century, embodies a turning point in the history of gender; it would be to the novel of the convict what Don Quixote was for the chivalric romance: a sum and a surpassing. The study we propose, oriented on the "genesis and structure" of the prison novel, is a reverse journey in history of this literary genre that does not say its name. Bagne Forçat, Colonisation pénale, Roman populaire Écriture de soi Idéologie, Hugo (Victor) Leroux (Gaston) Sue (Eugene) Penal colony Convict Penal colonization Popular novel Self-Writing Ideology Hugo (Victor) Leroux (Gaston) Sue (Eugene) 843
16	Nu ska vi snacka om mannen - igen! : En studie om litterär representation, litterärt arbete och potentiellt meningsskapande i gymnasieskolan / Let´s talk about the man - again! : A study on literary representation, literary work and potential meaning making in upper secondary school Andersson, Elin January 2020 (has links) Syftet med denna studie var att bidra med kunskap om hur maskulina representationer i utvalda skönlitterära böcker framställdes och att studera svensklärares utsagor kring arbetet med dessa manliga representationer på gymnasiet samt hur svensklärares arbete med de maskulina representationerna kunde verka meningsskapande i klassrummet. Våldet ökar bland unga män och det är färre pojkar än flickor som når kunskapskraven i alla ämnen i årskurs nio. Genom studier framträder skolan som en starkt normgivande arena där det existerar få möjligheter för unga människor att bryta mot etablerade stereotypa normer. Unga män blir offer för en maskulin stereotyp som förväntas hålla tillbaka känslor och bruka våld. I skönlitteraturen beskrivs människor och representationer som läsaren själv kan känna igen sig i eller som läsaren kanske önskar att hen själv var. Med denna studie ville jag öka medvetenheten kring vilka maskulina representationer svensklärare introducerade till sina elever via skönlitteratur. En kvalitativ metod valdes. Fyra kvinnliga legitimerade och verksamma svensklärare på gymnasiet intervjuades om deras arbete med maskulin representation i fyra olika skönlitterära böcker som de arbetade med under våren 2020. Lärarnas utsagor förväntades ge svar på vilket potentiellt meningsskapande eleverna erbjöds i behandlandet av skönlitteraturen. De fyra skönlitterära böckerna analyserades utifrån maskulinitetsteori och feministisk teori i syfte att identifiera dess maskulina representationer. Resultatet visade att de fyra skönlitterära böckerna innehöll en mångfald av maskulina representationer. Männen var unga och gamla, heterosexuella och homosexuella, omtänksamma och dominanta, svaga och starka och så vidare. Den mångfald som presenterades i böckerna ger läsaren möjligheten att bredda sin syn på vad maskulinitet kan vara. Lärarna uppgav att de behandlade framträdande maskulina representationer och deras specifika drag i böckerna vilket innebär att eleverna potentiellt sett fick chans att skapa mening ur det lästa och med olika representationer i fokus. / The overall aim of the study was to contribute with knowledge about how representation of masculinity was composed in fiction and to study L1 teachers´ statements about their work with these representations of masculinity in upper secondary school and how L1 teachers´ work with the representations of masculinity could become meaningful in the classroom. Violence increases among young men and less boys than girls are reaching knowledge requirements in all subjects in grade nine. Through studies school appear to be a normative arena where few opportunities are given for young people to trespass established norms and stereotypes. Young men become victims of a masculine stereotype which is supposed to maintain his feelings and be violent. Fiction describes people and representations that readers can recognize themselves in, or that the reader may wish to be. With this study I wanted to increase the awareness of which representations of masculinity L1 teachers introduced through fiction to their students. A qualitative method was chosen for this study. Four female L1 teachers, active and legitimate at upper secondary school, were interviewed about their work with representation of masculinity in four different fiction books which they worked with during spring 2020. Teachers´ statements were expected to give answers to what potential meaning making the pupils were given when working with the fiction. The four fiction books were analyzed through masculine theory and feminist theory with the purpose to identify their representations of masculinity. The result revealed that the four fiction books contained a diversity of masculine representation. The men were young and old, heterosexual and homosexual, thoughtful and dominant, weak and strong and so forth. The diversity presented in the books gives the reader an opportunity to increase their image of what masculinity can be. L1 teachers´ statements showed that they treated prominent representations of masculinity and their specific traits in the books which entails that students were given the opportunity to create meaning out of the text and with different representations in focus. Masculinity literary representation hegemonic masculinity fiction meaning making gender studies L1 teachers stereotype upper secondary school Maskulinitet hegemonisk maskulinitet genusstudier litterära representationer skönlitteratur meningsskapande svensklärare gymnasieskolan Educational Sciences Utbildningsvetenskap
17	Das trincheiras da guerra civil às interseções literárias – leitura de Réquiem por un campesino espanõl, de Ramón J. Sender e Cinco horas con Mario, de Miguel Delibes Arruda, Michele Fonseca de 19 May 2017 (has links) Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-05-09T20:32:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TESE PDF - MICHELE ARRUDA.pdf: 2140524 bytes, checksum: ac82aeae9af2f1e6948903ef4d49a300 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-05-19T17:52:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TESE PDF - MICHELE ARRUDA.pdf: 2140524 bytes, checksum: ac82aeae9af2f1e6948903ef4d49a300 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-19T17:52:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) TESE PDF - MICHELE ARRUDA.pdf: 2140524 bytes, checksum: ac82aeae9af2f1e6948903ef4d49a300 (MD5) / Fundação de Apoio à Escola Técnica, FAETEC, Armação dos Búzios, RJ / A Guerra Civil, que devastou a Espanha entre os anos de 1936 e 1939, e a posterior implantação do regime autoritário que dominou o país por quase quatro décadas, figuram entre os eventos mais catastróficos do século XX e que mais representações ganharam no âmbito das artes. Muitas dessas expressões artísticas foram produzidas no calor da guerra ou nos imediatos anos que a sucederam, mas, ao longo das oito décadas que nos separam do início do conflito, foram e continuam sendo produzidas cada vez mais obras que retratam os embates ideológicos entre las dos Españas. Da ampla gama de textos que versam sobre o conflito, destacamos duas narrativas produzidas em momentos específicos da vida cultural hispânica: Réquiem por un campesino español (1952), de Ramón J. Sender, publicada no México, durante o exílio de seu autor, e Cinco horas con Mario (1966), de Miguel Delibes, publicada na Espanha, em plena vigência da ditadura franquista. Essas narrativas, elaboradas em função dos mesmos motivos, mas em conjunturas distintas, respondem a demandas próprias de cada circunstância, portanto, os conteúdos e as formas que se criam para representá-los dialogam com as (im)possibilidades de representar os horrores de uma batalha fratricida. Nesta tese, queremos estabelecer a relação de cada uma das obras com a representação da Guerra Civil Espanhola, destacando os aspectos formais e a arquitetura textual das narrativas para estabelecer a tensão entre os dois momentos na literatura espanhola de pós-guerra: a produção literária da Espanha peregrina e a da era franquista, a fim de indicar as relações entre história, memória e literatura através da expressão narrativa dos dois segmentos em causa / The Spanish Civil War, which devastated Spain from 1936 to 1949, along with the subsequent establishment of a totalitarian regime that ruled the country for almost four decades, are both high on the list of the most catastrophic events of the 20th century, being widely portrayed by the world of the arts. Many of these works of art were created during the war; others were produced during the immediate post-war period. Nevertheless, during the eight decades that went by since these events took place, the production of such artistic pieces has significantly increased, especially the ones which depict the ideological conflict between “the two Spains” (las dos Espanãs). Among the wide variety of texts that deal with this conflict, two novels, each written in different and specific moments of the Hispanic cultural life, should be pointed out: Réquiem por un campesino español (1952), by Ramón J. Sender, published in Mexico during Sender’s exile, and Cinco horas con Mario (1966), by Miguel Delibes, published in Spain under General Franco’s dictatorship. These two novels, inspired by the same reasons but produced under different circumstances, meet the demands of the particular situations regarding their authors; therefore, both form and content in these novels are meant to cope with the “(im)possibility” of conveying the horrors of a fratricidal war. In this thesis, we wish to establish how each of these novels manages to portray the Spanish Civil War, highlighting the specific characteristics of both form and content in each text, so as to reveal the tension between these two kinds of literary productions of the post-war period: the works of the so-called España peregrina (“Pilgrim Spain”), and those produced under the Franco regime. In this way, we wish to bring to light the way in which history, memory, and literature are integrated through these different types of narrative expression Representação literária Guerra civil espanhola Cinco horas con Mario, Miguel Delibes Literatura espanhola Guerra civil Trincheiras Literary representation The Spanish Civil War Cinco horas con Mario, Miguel Delibes
18	Frauen schreiben Krieg Pape, Marion 02 February 2007 (has links) Kein anderes Thema hat die nigerianische Literatur so dominiert wie der nigerianische Bürgerkrieg, in dessen Verarbeitung sich verstärkt auch Autorinnen einmischen. Die Dissertation evaluiert 34 Texte von 16 nigerianischen Autorinnen - 12 Romane und 22 Kurzgeschichten - und analysiert sie als Gesamtkorpus, in dem die Texte miteinander und mit der Männerliteratur einen Dialog um den Bürgerkrieg führen. Die Autorinnen wenden bei ihrem "war talk" literarische Strategien wie "re-reading" und "re-writing" an, das Neu-Lesen, Fort- und Umschreiben der Texte und Diskurse des "Zentrums", durch die nicht nur die Blindstellen eines von Männern dominierten literarischen Diskurses sichtbar werden, sondern durch die auch der Prozess des Aushandelns der Geschlechterverhältnisse sowie des Krieges selbst erfolgt, seiner Ursachen, Auslöser und Folgen. Die Autorinnen stellen den Krieg als "sexuelle Unordnung" dar, als Geschlechterkrieg. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass bei der Verortung der Perspektive der Autorinnen neben Geschlecht, ethnischer Zugehörigkeit auch andere Faktoren, wie Alter, Race, Grad der Distanz oder Nähe etc. berücksichtigt werden müssen, um vorschnelle Festschreibungen zu vermeiden. Hierbei spielen die Paratexte eine wichtige Rolle, in denen die Autorinnen sich persönlich zum Krieg äußern. Die Arbeit bewegt sich an den Schnittstellen mehrerer Disziplinen: Literatur, Historiographie und Geschlechterstudien. In der Einleitung werden die theoretischen Prämissen im Kontext von Krieg, Geschlecht und literarischer Repäsentation behandelt. Das 1. Kapitel ist dem historischen Kontext des Bürgerkrieges, einschließlich der Rolle der Frauen darin gewidmet. Im 2. Kapitel geht es um die Darstellung des Krieges, des Selbst- und Feindbildes sowie der Zukunft. Das dritte Kapitel handelt von der Beziehung zwischen Bürger- und Geschlechterkrieg, vermittelt durch das Medium literarischer Text. Die Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse und der Ausblick auf zukünftige Forschung erfolgt im Schlussteil. Der Anhang enthält ein vorläufiges Verzeichnis der gesamten Frauenliteratur über den nigerianischen Bürgerkrieg. / No other topic has dominated the Nigerian literature as much as the Nigerian Civil War and female authors increasingly interfere in its literary representation. The thesis evaluates 34 literary texts by 16 female Nigerian authors - 12 novels and 22 short stories - and analyses them as distinctive corpus whose individual texts are in a state of dialogue both with each other and with texts from male authors. The female authors use, in their "war talk", literary strategies like "re-reading" and "re-writing" of texts from the "Centre". On the one hand, these strategies enable them to make the blind spots of a male dominated literary discourse apparent/visible on the other hand, they facilitate the negotiation of gender relations and of the war itself, its causes, trigger points and consequences. The female authors represent war as "sexual disorder", as gender war. The study shows that in order to be able to locate an author''s perspective (and to avoid rash conclusions) it is essential to consider the different factors determining it - besides ethnicity and gender, also age, race, the grade of emotional involvement or distance etc. It is in this regard, where the paratexts play an important part, as in these authors express their personal views and comments on the war. The thesis is located at the interfaces of several disciplines: literary, historical and gender studies. The introduction deals with the theoretical backgrounds in the context of war, literary representation and gender. The first chapter is dedicated to the historical context of the Nigerian Civil War including the role of women. The second chapter looks at the paratexts, different representations of the war''s causes, the self-image, the enemy''s image and the future. The third chapter finally deals with the question how the relationship between Civil War and gender war is negotiated/conveyed through the medium of the literary texts. In the conclusion the results are summarized and prospects for future research are discussed. The appendix contains a preliminary bibliography of all literary texts on the Nigerian Civil War written by female authors. Krieg Geschlechterverhältnisse literarische Repräsentation nigerianischer Bürgerkrieg Geschlechterkrieg afrikanische Literatur Nigeria Biafra Igbo-Autorinnen Flora Nwapa C. N. Adichie Frauenkrieg A. Adimora-Ezeigbo Phanuel Egejuru Mabel Segun Eno Obong Anne Giwa-Amu Chinua Achebe Cyprian Ekwensi Paratexte Intertextualität Vergewaltigung Körper neue Frau Heldenbild Schuld Verantwortung Versöhnung Heimatfront sexuelle Unordnung Bipolarität C. O. Ogunyemi war gender war literary representation Nigerian civil war African literature Nigeria Biafra Igbo-authors Flora Nwapa C. N. Adichie Women''s war paratexts intertextuality A. Adimora-Ezeigbo Phanuel Egejuru Mabel Segun Eno Obong Anne Giwa-Amu Chinua Achebe Cyprian Ekwensi rape body Mammywater new woman hero healing reconciliation cross-dressing C. O. Ogunyemi wo/man palava MK 3100 MS 2850 ddc:800

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