La circonscription législative de Vire est une circonscription complexe de par la diversité des territoires qui la compose et donc par la diversité de son électorat. C’est une circonscription historiquement de droite, pourtant, entre 1958 et 2012, elle choisit par deux fois un député de gauche. Cette recherche vise donc à cerner et comprendre le comportement électoral des électeurs de la circonscription de Vire, ainsi que les facteurs qui déterminent leur choix une fois dans l’isoloir. Ces derniers sont multiples et ne pèsent pas tous de la même façon dans le choix du vote. Le contexte politique national, le contexte économique, l’électeur lui-même ou encore le candidat, tous ces facteurs y participent.Cette recherche se base avant tout sur des données quantitatives : résultats électoraux lors des élections législatives depuis 1958, mais aussi résultats électoraux lors des élections présidentielles. Il faut aussi étudier l’électorat par le biais des listes électorales, et des données publiées par l’INSEE. La composition de l’électorat de chaque commune, ainsi que les résultats électoraux associés sont donc répertoriés afin de permettre des comparaisons dans le temps, et entre communes. Ces relevés précis permettent également d’établir des cartes et de rendre l’évolution politique et sociologique de la circonscription plus lisible. Une fois mises en parallèle, ces données dressent le portrait de la circonscription de Vire à chaque scrutin législatif. Il convient également d’y ajouter ce que nous appelons la réalité du territoire. Nous nous reposons alors sur la mémoire vive ainsi que sur la presse locale pour rendre compte du contexte et des campagnes électorales.L’ensemble de ces facteurs : CSP, contextes etc., jouent sur le choix des électeurs de la circonscription étudiée. Il est pourtant un facteur qui caractérise la circonscription : la personnalité du candidat lui-même joue un un rôle dans le choix de l’électeur. Il aime connaître le candidat pour lequel il vote. La longévité d’Olivier Stirn en est une preuve, tout comme celle des députés suivants. C’est ainsi que la circonscription de Vire choisit par deux fois Alain Tourret, son seul député de gauche entre 1958 et 2012. / The french legislative division of Vire, in Normandy, is a complex division. It’s composed of different territories with specific electors. Historically, it’s a conservative division. However, the division chose a « left » (labour) deputy, twice, between 1958 and 1952.The goal of our research is to identify and explain the political behaviour of its electors, and reasons why they choose a candidate and not another. All reasons have a different importance between two electors. For example, the national political context, the economic context, or the elector and candidate personalities have different importance if the elector is a minor or a farmer.Quantitative datas are our first source. We use legislative elections results in the division since 1958, and presidential elections results too. We also study electors themselves by means of electoral lists and INSEE sources. Electors identities, and results of each common, written in tables and maps allow us to compare them. Thanks to this, we can draw a political and sociological portrait, during the 5th Republic, of the Vire division, and look at its evolutions. Our second source is less quantitative. We use local press et tracts to study legislative campaign. We use memories too. It shows how electors live in this territory.All these factors have a different importance, however, there is one which seems to be characteristic of Vire division. It appears that the elector likes to know the candidate he has chosen. Its personality is one of the most important factor. It explains Olivier Stirn’s carrier, and other deputies after him. We think it’s one of the reason why the Vire division elected Alain Tourret, twice, its only left (socialist) deputy.

The work is focused on the recent regional history of Karlovy Vary. Trying to briefly imitate life of the Scout group between 1968 - 1989. Based on interview made with the narrators it isndescribing the activities that were the Scout section devoted. It charts the parth of an individual from the first contact with Scouting from its acceptance to life itself in the section. This work is also trying to capture the changes that took place within varios sections during the transition from formal to illegality. It Illustrates one of the possible method in which the officiallybanned organization adjusted to the normalization age.

The subject for this thesis is to examine the portrayal of the local farmer in four different museums in Scania. The purpose is to examine these two questions:1.Which narrative and museal strategies are used in the portrayal of the local farmer by the local history societies?2.How do the actors of the local societies relate to the living conditions and hierarchies of the rural society of Scania?The source material consists of guided tours and text material from the museums. The theoretical fields consists of history culture, use of history, historical narrative, museology and rural science act as our theoretical fields. Peter Aronsson, Anna Eskilsson and Maria Björkroth act as our main theoretical framework.Our research presents two central discourses in the portrayal of the local farmer. The stories that we have identified in our results are those of success, of exhibitionistic value. Stories that carry elements of success and exhibitionistic value are both desirable and displayed. The stories portrayed are also neglecting the gender aspect. They are genderblind.The local history societies of Scania in the year of 2014 could be seen as museal activities focused more on conservation and nostalgia than on activities aimed at new visitors and the challenges of the present day.

[pt] O presente trabalho aborda saberes e conhecimentos tradicionais de alguns povos indígenas de diferentes localidades da América Portuguesa. Buscaremos, à luz da história e a partir de atividades na escola, ressaltar a contribuição do conhecimento indígena para a ciência ocidental, tendo como diálogo teórico os estudos de Manuela Carneiro da Cunha para a construção dessa narrativa. Analisaremos a complexa demanda atual em relação ao ensino da história dos povos indígenas e sua aplicabilidade na reparação dessas identidades. Sendo assim, observamos como são representados nos livros didáticos de História, tendo como reflexão as obras da Editora Moderna (2018) e a proposta da coleção integrada Moderna Plus (2020) por área de conhecimento: Ciências Humanas e Sociais Aplicadas. Tais obras são direcionadas para alunos do Ensino Médio. Objetivamos analisar como a temática vem sendo representada após a implementação da Lei nº 11.645/08 e as repercussões diante dos critérios determinados pela Lei nº 13.415 e a Nova Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). Refletimos que os documentos históricos, as imagens e as atividades utilizadas nos materiais didáticos avaliados (principalmente a coleção de 2020) trazem propostas que podem ser contextualizadas com o auxílio dos professores e por meio do diálogo sobre a história local. Por fim, como produto dessa dissertação, propomos atividades para aprofundar e refletir sobre as várias narrativas dos povos indígenas no Brasil. / [en] This dissertation addresses traditional knowledge of Indigenous People from different locations in Portuguese America. We will seek, in the light of history and from activities at school, to emphasize the contribution of Indigenous knowledge to Western science, considering as theoretical dialogue the studies of Manuela Carneiro da Cunha. We will analyze the complex current demand in relation to teaching the history of Indigenous People. Thus, we observe how they are represented in History Textbooks, especially Editora Moderna (2018) and the proposal of the integrated collection Moderna Plus (2020) by area of knowledge: Applied Human and Social Sciences. Such works are aimed at high school students. We aim to analyze how the theme has been represented after the implementation of Law 11.645/08 and the repercussions in view of the criteria determined by Law 13.415 and the New National Curriculum Base (BNCC). We reflect that the historical documents, images and activities used in the evaluated teaching materials (mainly the 2020 collection) bring proposals that can be contextualized with the help of teachers and through dialogue about local history. Finally, as a product of this dissertation, we propose activities to deepen and reflect on the various narratives of Indigenous People in Brazil.

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The purpose of my investigation is to see if and, if so, how teachers for the younger ages work with local history as a resource in history teaching. And if the teachers believe that the use of local history gives a greater historical awareness and makes it easier to remember the knowledge when the teaching becomes closer to the students compared to the more nationally adapted textbook.The focus is on the concepts of historical awareness, time perspective and place identity.The method I used is semi-structured interviews with teachers. I even took part in their planning, how they carried out the teaching and assessed it, based on the teachers' own stories. I have also analyzed the curriculum for the history subject and the textbook used as a basis.The results of the work are linked to previous research results and strengthen the previous theories that concrete teaching where the students are more involved and can relate to their local environment strengthens their awareness of history and gives a greater interest in their own history and in their home village.The survey is important when teachers plan their teaching in the subject of history and can give inspiration to how the teaching can be carried out to increase students' knowledge and commitment to the subject in both a national and a local context.

[pt] Essa dissertação se propõe a discutir a possibilidade do uso pedagógico da história local nas aulas do ensino de história da Educação Básica para os anos finais do Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio. Para tanto, a pesquisa debruça-se sobre a perspectiva da História Local do município de Duque de Caxias, situado na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, território pertencente a Baixada Fluminense, servindo como aporte para a ampliação da consciência histórica e fortalecimento da identidade dos estudantes nas aulas de História da Rede Pública Estadual da cidade. O escopo da pesquisa se estrutura a partir de autores e perspectivas do campo do ensino de história, historiografia e educação. A interlocução com o conceito de Micro-História, Jogo de Escalas, Consciência Histórica para pensar a história local enquanto abordagem pedagógica, são premissas da pesquisa. Articulado a esses e outros autores, o trabalho entrou em contato com um grupo de professores que lecionam na Rede Estadual da cidade através de um questionário on-line, criado no Google Formulário e disponibilizado via e-mail e WhatsApp, por ocasião da crise sanitária (Pandemia do Covid-19). Como produto da pesquisa, foi elaborado um Catálogo Pedagógico com a proposta de avizinhar docentes da historicidade local. Um levantamento bibliográfico a respeito das produções historiográficas sobre a história local do município, assim como, entrevistas foram realizadas através do aplicativo Zoom com sujeitos históricos locais, para compor o produto da dissertação. Entende-se que os professores se configuram como parte fundamental para inserção da história local nas salas de aula, de modo a fomentar uma aprendizagem histórica significativa e conectada a realidade dos estudantes. Ao escolher práticas pedagógicas contextualizadas e reflexivas, na qual os discentes se percebem enquanto partícipes dos processos históricos experimentados, o professor viabiliza um conhecimento histórico rico, em que as narrativas homogeneizantes vão sendo descontruídas. Nesse sentido, a história local pode contribuir com um ensino de história que estimule a ampliação da consciência histórica, fortalecimento da identidade e alteridade. / [en] This dissertation is proposed to discuss the possibility of the pedagogical usage of the local history in history classes in the Basic Education for the final grades of Middle School and High School. For this purpose, this research focus on the perspective of the local history of the city of Duque de Caxias, located on the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, being a territory belonging to Baixada Fluminense, to work as a contribution to the amplification of the historical conscience and the strengthening of students identities in History classes of the State Public Network of the city. The research s scope is structured from authors and perspectives of the field of history teaching, historiography and education. The interlocution with the concept of Micro-history, Game of Scales and Historical Conscience to think about the local history as a pedagogical approach are the premise of the research. Attached to these and other authors, this work got in touch with a group of teachers who teach in the state network of the city through an online questionnaire, created on Google Forms and available via email and WhatsApp, due to the sanitary crisis (Covid-19 pandemic). As a product of the research, a Pedagogical Catalogue was elaborated with the proposal of acquainting teachers to the local historicity. A bibliographic survey related to historiographic productions about the local history of the city, as well as interviews, were done with local historical subjects, through the Zoom application, to compose the product of the dissertation. It is understood that teachers are an essential part to the insertion of the local history in classrooms, in order to foment a historical learning that is significant and connected to students realities. When choosing contextualized and reflexive pedagogical practices, in which students understand themselves as participants of historical processes experimented, the teacher enables a rich historical knowledge, in which homogenizing narratives are being deconstructed. In this sense, the local history can contribute to a history teaching that stimulates the amplification of historical conscience, strengthening of identity and alterity.

Local heritage societies were established in Sweden for about a hundred years ago. The societies responded to the large changes of industrialisation, emigration and urbanisation during that time. Today there are about 2 000 societies with almost half a million members altogether. Why do people turn to local heritage societies today? The image of them, associated with folklore costumes and quaint old cottages, is not consistent with the extensive activity in the 21st century. That raises questions that have not been clarified in previous research. The aim of this thesis is to find out what today's local heritage societies do, as well as to investigate what their meanings are for people and the local society. Thereby the intention is to contribute to an understanding of their present extent and endurance over time. The activities of three local heritage societies in and around the city of Linköping are mapped out in this thesis. The survey shows extensive and very broad activities that are well adjusted to present time. The traditional image has become rigid, but in parts it is accurate since the activities are still dominated by local use of history., which also contributes to their extent and continuity. Place and history as common ground is something universal: The need for people to be oriented in time and space contributes to the persistence of the local heritage societies. At the same time there seems to be something strong in society today which contributes to their extent. The thesis shows that the societies can have knowledge-generating, ideological, existential and social meaning. Through the local heritage society people can learn about, evaluate and gain feelings for the place. The society also contributes to strengthening the power of togetherness in the local community as a part of the civilian society. The multifaceted meaning of the activities makes it possible for the societies to keep or even strengthen their attraction, especially among the large group of retired people. / Hembygdsföreningar etablerades i Sverige för omkring hundra år sedan. Föreningarna svarade mot den tidens stora förändringar med industrins framväxt, emigrationen och flykten från landsbygden. Idag finns det omkring 2 000 föreningar med sammanlagt nära en halv miljon medlemmar. Varför söker sig människor till hembygdsföreningar idag? Den gängse bilden av föreningarna som bakåtsträvande och förlegade stämmer inte in på en omfattande verksamhet på 2000-talet. Det väcker frågor om hembygdsföreningar, som inte har klargjorts i tidigare forskning. Avhandlingen syftar till att ta reda på vad samtida hembygdsföreningar gör och att undersöka deras betydelser för människor och lokalsamhälle. Härigenom vill avhandlingen också bidra till att förstå deras nutida omfattning och uthållighet över tid. I avhandlingen kartläggs verksamheten i tre hembygdsföreningar i och omkring staden Linköping i Östergötland. Kartläggningen visar på en omfattande och mycket bred verksamhet som är väl anpassad till sin samtid. Den traditionella bilden är stelnad, men till delar stämmer den genom att föreningarnas verksamhet domineras av lokalt historiebruk, som också bidrar till deras omfattning och kontinuitet. Det står å ena sidan för något allmänmänskligt: Människans orientering i tid och rum, som bidrar till att föreningarna alltid är aktuella. Å andra sidan framträder intresset för det lokala och för historia som två starka strömningar i samtiden. Avhandlingen visar att föreningarna har kunskapsgenererande, ideologiska, existentiella och sociala betydelser. Genom hembygdsföreningen kan människor lära sig om, värdera och få känslor för platsen. Föreningen bidrar också till att stärka kraften och gemenskapen i lokalsamhället som en del av det civila samhället. Den mångfasetterade betydelsen av verksamheten gör att föreningarna har lyckats behålla eller till och med stärka sin attraktionskraft, särskilt bland den stora gruppen pensionärer.

Vår uppsats handlar om hembygdsföreningeni rollen som turistisk aktör. Vi granskar vilka drivkrafter som aktören uppvisar samt hur dessa påverkar synen på modernisering och digitalisering inom den egna föreningen. Vi vill också lyfta fram hembygdsförening som en vagga i vårt kulturarv. Att låta dåtidens levnadssätt gå hand i hand med nutidens digitaliserade levnadssätt kan göra ett modernt historiskt-och kunskapsmässigt samarbete för kommande generationer. Vidare diskuteras hur medvetenheten om dessa drivkrafter är viktiga för att balansera den konventionella synen på turism ur ett management perspektiv, tillsammans med den ideella föreningens mer psykosociala identitetsskapande syn. Vårt syfte är att definiera hur en hembygd arbetar med turism och hur stor roll turismen har inom föreningen. Vihar sedan använt oss av frågeställningar och en problemformulering där vi tagit upp olika hjälpmedel och undersökt vilka drivkrafter som får aktörerna att ta tag i vissa projekt och användandet av digitalisering. Vårt angreppssätt i dennauppsats är att använda oss av teori som ett ramverk för de påståenden och argument som presenteras i vår empiri och metod-del. Med stöd av vårt teoretiska angreppssätt tillsammans med intervjuresultaten är det vår förhoppning att tydliggöra betydelsen av kulturarvsturismen.Genom kvalitativa intervjuer tar vi upp begreppet kulturarv och förklarar dess innebörd på ett konkret sett. Vi träffar äldre människor där många har minnen från förr och med egna ord kan återspegla historien. I vår uppsats har vi redogjort för Sveriges kulturarvshistoria inom hembygdsföreningar, där vi analyserar de drivkrafter som ligger bakom arbetet med att bevara Sveriges historia hos de enskilda aktörerna. Vår bakgrund inom medieteknik gör att vårt arbete präglas av en världsbild där tekniken är ett verktyg som underlättar utvecklingen av produkter inom turism. Genom insamlat resultat ser vi att aktörerna är överens om att vår historia om hembygdsföreningar och kulturarv behöver bevaras för att människan ska kunna känna en gemenskap och trygghet till sin hembygd. Kulturarvet kan också användas som ett verktyg för att framföra kunskap till olika generationer och vidare kan den digitala utvecklingen av kulturarvsattraktioner nå ut till fler människor i framtiden på ett mer interaktivt sätt. I vår uppsats har vi också kommit fram till att kulturarvsattraktioner spelar en viktig roll inom upplevelseturism på många olika plan genom att studera drivkrafter hos de eldsjälar som erbjuder omgivningen något varaktigt och minnesvärt, som räcker långt framöver. / Our essay revolves around the local history associations and the actors within it as part of the tourism sector. We have researched the driving-forces that these actors possess, their view on modernization and digitalization within the association. With this paper we also want to highlight that local history associations works as a cradle for our cultural heritage. These actors want the life of past times to go hand-in-hand with the digital lifestyle of modern times, which will contribute with historical knowledge for future generations.Furthermore,we discuss how these driving-forces are an important part of the balance between the conventional view on tourism from a management perspective, and the non-profit association’s psycho-social view. Our purpose is to define how local history works within tourism and how big of a role it has within the associations. We discuss different tools at hand and explore what driving-forces that get the actors to use digitalization in certain projects. The method of our essay is to use a theory as a framework for thestatements and arguments that are introduced in our empirical data. With the support of our theory and the results of the interviews, it is our hope to clarify the meaning of cultural heritage site tourism and how the actors work within it.We have used qualitative interviews to discuss the concept of heritage sites and to explain its meaning in a concrete way. We have met with elderly people and made it possible for them to share their memories from past times while also exploring their role within heritage site tourism. In this essay we described the heritage site through local history associations, where we analyze the underlying driving-forces behind the work of individual actors as they attempt to preserve the history of Sweden. This essay also presents the concept of interactive digital storytelling where technology functions as a tool that simplify development of the tourism product . As a conclusion our results show that the actors agreed upon that our history in terms of local history associations and heritage sites needs to be preserved, so that future generations do not lose the feeling of safety and a sense of belonging that comes from being part of a community in their local home environment. The cultural heritage site can be used as a tool to present knowledge to different generations through the means of digital development, the heritage sites can reach a wider audience in the future by presenting interactive modern day solutions.In our essay, we have also found that cultural heritage sites plays an important role in leisure tourism on many different levels through driving-forces of the individuals that offer their surrounding something memorable that will last for eternity.