This thesis considers and critically analyses literary representations of what I have called “alternative masculinities” within a selection of texts by male writers from the turn of the millennium. The novels chosen for this analysis are Last Drinks by Andrew McGahan (2000), World of Chickens (2001) by Nick Earls and Sushi Central by Alasdair Duncan (2003). The work of R.W. Connell, Doreen Massey and Bruce Bennett will inform a framework blending theories of masculinities, spatiality theories and critical regionalism, providing the tools to conduct a reading of the spaces fictional representations of alternative masculinities engage with. Applying Connell’s hierarchy of masculinities (1995) I examine the emerging textual constructions of alternative masculinities that correspond with the changing cityscape of Brisbane. Within the above texts I argue there is a strong emphasis on the connections between identity and place. This is expressed through references to Brisbane’s social and historical identity and the gendered alignment of Brisbane spaces with particular masculinities.

In recent decades, male protagonists in Australian realist fiction for young adult readers have increasingly become more others-regarding, emotionally intelligent, and self-aware. (John Stephens 2000; Perry Nodelman 2002). Psychologist Roger Horrocks (1995) claims these protagonists are less “tendentious and more realistic” than male protagonists of the past. These boys, despite not bearing the hallmarks of hegemonic masculinity, develop subjective agency and ultimately propose new ways for young men to construct their gender identity. Using Phillip Gwynne’s (1998) Deadly Unna? and David Metzenthen’s (2000) Boys of Blood and Bone as case studies, and my own novel My Private Pectus as creative practice, I explore the construction and deconstruction of hegemonic, complicit, and alternative masculinities in Australian realist young adult fiction. I also analyse the construction of the New Age Boy—a label used by John Stephens for young male protagonists who develop positive self esteem because of their perceived gender differences compared to boys of the hegemonic masculine type. By critiquing the manner in which masculinities are constructed in each case study, and supporting my critique through the literature of leading gender theorists, I question the seemingly homogenous manner in which the New Age Boy gains agency. This question is further explored through my creative practice, as I put into dialogue a protagonist who also recognises his gender differences, but instead of proposing a new and better masculinity, he tries to adhere to and reap the rewards of hegemonic masculinity.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:38:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6816.pdf: 1042759 bytes, checksum: 041e15d1fc4925f0384f9b039a98fb2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-11 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This study examines the career of Federal Police special agents in São Paulo, in order to observe how concepts like masculinity, gender and difference are articulated to professionalism by them. This study conceives gender as something that is constructed, and often reproduced when such agents experiences the profession. Thus, it is necessary to explore the existence of an institutional hegemonic masculinity, as female and male, gender are made and how the pattern of heteronormativity are experienced in every day pratice in this career. The field research was conducted in the city of São Paulo. The methodology is based on qualitative interviews and analysis of documents from the Federal Police, as well as statistical data of the gender composition of the group, these empirical evidences are focused by the approaches of sociology of professions. / O presente estudo analisa a carreira de delegado da Polícia Federal no estado de São Paulo, com o intuito de observar como masculinidades, gênero e diferença são articulados com profissionalismo pelos pares. O gênero é concebido pelo estudo como algo que é construído, e, muitas vezes, reproduzido, quando se vivencia a profissão. Assim, faz-se necessário explorar a existência ou não de uma masculinidade hegemônica institucional, como se faz feminino e masculino, e de que forma o padrão da heteronormatividade é vivenciado ao se trabalhar nesta carreira. O recorte espacial utilizado para a presente pesquisa é a cidade de São Paulo. A metodologia adotada é a de entrevistas qualitativas e análises de documentos da Polícia Federal, bem como o levantamento estatístico da composição por gênero da carreira, esses dados são tratados a partir das vertentes teóricas da sociologia das profissões em interface com masculinidades, gênero e diferença.

Esta pesquisa propõe descrever e problematizar o contexto da construção das performances masculinas de trabalhadores que ficaram alojados em um canteiro de obras para a construção de uma usina hidrelétrica no oeste catarinense, no Sul do Brasil. Teoricamente, este estudo está situado no campo de conhecimento da Psicologia Social e Institucional na sua vertente pós-estruturalista, a qual entende os sujeitos como produtos de determinadas construções sociais. O estudo é baseado centralmente em Michel Foucault e Judith Butler. A metodologia foi guiada pela abordagem etnográfica e análise das formações discursivas. O corpus foi constituído basicamente por observações de campo e entrevistas. A pesquisa buscou descrever como são (re – des) construídas estas subjetividades masculinas, desde o processo de mobilização para a vinda e instalação destes trabalhadores, a composição da cidade temporária instalada no canteiro de obras até o processo de desmobilização. Este processo fala da itinerância destes homens interpelados como barrageiros. As análises compuseram-se por elementos que tomam eixos os elementos fundamentais da edificação destas masculinidades – a atividade sexual; a relação com a prostituição; o trabalho pesado e arriscado ligado à construção civil; a convivência nos alojamentos; a relação com as famílias; a corporalidade, e as relações de amizade/solidariedade que se constroem no processo de seguir barragens. A partir deste estudo, vislumbraram-se diferentes modos de ser homem, apesar de existirem modelos hegemônicos de masculinidades conectados à matriz heteronormativa, os quais entram em tensão e se reformulam de acordo com os marcadores sociais em questão (origem, escolaridade, idade), a época, o local e as relações que se estabelecem dentro da continuidade e da estabilidade que se constrói na itinerância dos/as seguidores/as de barragens. / This research aims at describing and discussing the context of the construction of the performances of male workers who were housed in a building site for the construction of a hydroelectric power plant in western Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Theoretically, this study is situated in the field of knowledge of Social and Institutional Psychology in its post-structuralist stream, which takes individuals as products of certain social constructs. This study is based mainly on Michel Foucault and Judith Butler. The methodology was guided by the ethnographic approach and by the analysis of discursive formations. The body was formed mostly by field observations and interviews. The research sought to describe how there are (re - de) constructed these mascua line subjectivities, from the mobilization process for the arrival and installation of these workers, the composition of the city temporarily installed at the works site, up to the demobilization process. All this process talks about the itinerancy of these men who are interpellated as barrageiros (“the men of the dams”). The analyses were composed of elements that take as axes the key elements in building these masculinities – the sexual activity, the relationship with prostitution, the hard and risky work linked to civil construction, the common living in the accommodations, the relationship with the family, the corporeality, and the relations of friendship/solidarity that are built in the process of following dams. From this study, there were devised different ways of being a man, despite the existence of hegemonic patterns of masculinities connected to the heteronormative matrix, which come into tension and are revised according to the social markers in question (origin, educational level, age), the time, the place and the relationships established within the continuity and stability that are built along the itinerancy of these men following the dams.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-06-20T17:25:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CLAUDIA POLETI OSHIRO.pdf: 1972835 bytes, checksum: 78790a21518f5f5bbd86e5b4ed28b36c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T17:25:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLAUDIA POLETI OSHIRO.pdf: 1972835 bytes, checksum: 78790a21518f5f5bbd86e5b4ed28b36c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / Domestic violence is a worrying phenomenon. In a concrete or symbolic way, it pervades the daily lives of many women who have experienced domestic violence situations. Once socially constructed, man is placed in an unequal position of power, these actions are often trivialized and reinforced by a society that is marked by patriarchy. Gender inequalities reinforce violence against women. My practice shows that many of these women seek help in religion, more specifically with their religious leaders who, in addition to agreeing with the violence that woman has lived, reinforce it through their religious beliefs. The cases seen at Casas Abrigo Regional Grande ABC attest that many women do not break the violence cycle because they belong to some religious institution and hear from their leaders discourses that legitimize submission and violence against women. This research intends to identify and analyze the Christianity influence in the violent family relations of Catholic and Evangelical women hosted in Casas Abrigo Regional Grande ABC and the same religious groups' perpetrators of violence against women. We will try to understand the violence consequences in these women's life, as well as to identify religion's influence in the masculine exercise of aggression and in the subjection of women to aggression. To approach these women, we chose two Reference Centers for Women's Care: “Marcia Dangremon” and “Vem Maria” as a field of this research. In order to approach the perpetrators of violence against women, we chose Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social – CREAS de São Bernardo do Campo. / A violência doméstica é um fenômeno que nos preocupa. De forma concreta ou simbólica, ela perpassa o cotidiano de muitas mulheres que vivenciam situações de violência doméstica. Uma vez que construída socialmente, ao homem é posta uma posição desigual de poder, e estas ações muitas vezes são banalizadas e reforçadas por uma sociedade que é marcada pelo patriarcalismo. As desigualdades de gênero reforçam a violência contra as mulheres. A minha prática demonstra que muitas destas mulheres buscam ajuda na religião, mais especificamente com seus líderes religiosos, que, em sua maioria, além de compactuar com a violência vivida, a reforçam através de suas crenças religiosas. Os casos atendidos nas Casas Abrigo Regional Grande ABC atestam que muitas mulheres não rompem com o ciclo da violência, pelo fato de pertencerem a uma instituição religiosa e ouvirem de seus líderes discursos que legitimam a submissão e a violência contra as mulheres. Esta pesquisa pretende identificar e analisar a influência do cristianismo nas relações familiares violentas de mulheres católicas e evangélicas religiosas acolhidas nas Casas Abrigo Regional Grande ABC e de autores da violência contra as mulheres dos mesmos grupos religiosos. Procuraremos compreender as consequências da violência na vida dessas mulheres, bem como identificar a influência da religião no exercício masculino da agressão e na sujeição feminina à agressão. Como campo desta pesquisa escolhemos dois Centros de Referência de Atendimento à Mulher: “Marcia Dangremon” e “Vem Maria”, para abordagem com as mulheres. E o Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social – CREAS de São Bernardo do Campo, para a abordagem com os autores de violência contra as mulheres.

Au croisement des études culturelles, de la comparaison différentielle et des études genre et queer, cette thèse propose une analyse mythopoétique des (re)configurations discursives et genrées du mythe d’Hercule à la croisée des chemins dans les cultures européennes, de l’Antiquité aux débuts du XIXe siècle, dans les domaines allemand, anglais, français et italien. La thèse commence par une relecture critique des interprétations humanistes du mythe, qui font du héros hésitant entre le vice (ou le plaisir) et la vertu le paradigme universel et désincarné d’un sujet moral. Grâce aux apports des études sur les masculinités, la deuxième partie procède à une recontextualisation et à une historicisation genrées des réécritures du choix herculéen. Étudiant successivement les reconfigurations du mythe dans la pédagogie humaniste, ses réinvestissements dans des textes épiques sur la longue durée européenne, ses reprises dans des pièces et poèmes didactiques du XVIIIe siècle, puis sa réélaboration dans les romans de formation, qui émergent au tournant des XVIIIe-XIXe siècles européens comme formes privilégiées de mise en récit d’un devenir-masculin hégémonique, la présente étude avance que ce mythe constitue une puissante « technologie de genre » (Teresa de Lauretis), à travers laquelle s’est engendrée, selon des modalités (con)textuelles variées, la figure d’un sujet libéral, masculin, blanc et straight, érigé en mythe fondateur de la modernité européenne (et de sa raison discriminante). Une dernière partie propose dès lors une relecture queer du mythe, en explorant plusieurs réécritures qui troublent la binarité du choix à la croisée des chemins pour mieux désorienter son héros. / This PhD thesis proposes a mythopoetic analysis of the discursive and gendered (re-)configurations of the myth of Hercules at the crossroads, as it has taken shape in the realm of European cultures, from Antiquity until the beginning of the 19th century, in German, English, French, and Italian. Adopting an approach at the intersection of cultural studies, comparative studies, gender and queer studies, the thesis begins with a critical rereading of the humanist interpretations of the myth, where the hesitating hero, torn between vice (or pleasure) and virtue, is the universal paradigm of a moral subject. Based on masculinity studies, the second part of the thesis recontextualises and historicizes Hercules choices from a gendered perspective. The core of this thesis revisits historical reconfigurations of the myth by looking at humanist pedagogy and its resurgence of epic forms in the long European tradition—including 18th century didactic plays and poems and coming-of-age novels that emerge at the turn of the 18th to 19th century. These become the primary discursive forms for narrating a hegemonic idea of masculinity. The thesis demonstrates that the Hercules myth constitutes a powerful “gender technology” (Teresa de Lauretis), that has operated as a vector for engendering, in varying contextual modalities, the figure of the liberal, masculine, white and straight subject, erected as the founding myth of European modernity (and its discriminatory implications). Departing from this argument, the last part proposes a queer reading of the myth, by exploring several rewritings that trouble the binary choice of the crossroads in order to better disorient its hero.

Pourquoi, si la démocratisation de l’Espagne après la dictature franquiste est exemplaire, les archives judiciaires font parfois état d’une répression contre des subjectivités homosexuelles jusque dans la deuxième moitié des années 1980 à Barcelone ? Si l’on met à distance la mémoire épique des luttes LGBT postfranquistes, d’autres subjectivités sexuelles apparaissent qui refusent de s’identifier à la Constitution de 1978 garante des droits formels des Espagnols. L’étude s’intéresse à la moralisation du répertoire lexical de la démocratisation espagnole et essaie de mettre au jour l’économie morale de la « Transition » démocratique, portée par un sujet théorique, les « classes moyennes ». Elles sont dotées d’un capital symbolique fort alors que l’Espagne entre dans le capitalisme de consommation, dès les années 1960 sous Franco. Si le consensus est le maître-mot de la Transition, tous les Espagnols n’en font pas la même expérience : pour certaines subjectivités gay, c’est une « barbarie institutionnalisée ». Ces voix et leur répression politique, dont l’étude est inédite, permettent de montrer que la « sphère privée », où les sexualités minoritaires sont tolérées avec la Constitution de 1978, s’apparente à une segmentation du sexuel et du social, qui vise à séparer par un usage disciplinaire du « public » et du « privé » ce que des subjectivités politiques homosexuelles faisaient tenir ensemble. Les valeurs morales des classes moyennes de Franco pénètrent les langages de la démocratie, ceux des Droits de l’Homme notamment. Ce faisant, ils immunisent certains sujets et en exposent d’autres à une violence politique oubliée de la « Transition ». L’étude cherche à réviser un des postulats des démocraties occidentales actuelles, qui garantissent des droits fondamentaux comme celui de la « vie privée » : replacé dans son contexte d’énonciation de l’Espagne postfranquiste, il retrouve une intention disciplinaire contre les sujets résistants au consensus démocratique. Poursuivis par l’État, devenus « marginaux » et pour beaucoup perdus dans les années 1980, toxicomanes et prostitués, ils n’ont pas droit aux conquêtes des luttes qu’ils ont incarnées, la libre disposition du corps et des sexualités. Envisagé par une histoire post-sociale des « révolutions sexuelles » des années 1970, le paradigme queer, qui parfois autonomise les sexualités, ne montre pas que tous les sujets n’ont pas eu accès à ce droit moralisé en Espagne. Cette étude discute et historicise ces catégories qui travaillent les logiques de reconnaissance des minorités sexuelles du temps présent. / If the democratization of Spain after the fall of the Franco regime is exemplary, then why do criminal records indicate that repressive actions have sometimes been conducted against homosexual subjectivities in Barcelona until the late 1980's ? If one puts aside the epic memory of the LGBT fights that took place after the end of Francoism, other sexual subjectivities appear which refuse to accept the Spanish Constitution of 1978. This study looks into the moralization of the vocabulary of the Spanish democratization and attempts to highlight the moral economy of the democratic « Transition », whose carrier is a theoretical subject, the « middle class ». It shows an important symbolic capital at the time when Spain enters consumption capitalism, starting from the 1960's. Even though consensus is the key term of the Transition, not every Spaniard experiences it the same way : for some gays, it is an « institutionalised barbarism ». These voices and their political repression, which has not been studied so far, help to demonstrate that the « private sphere », where minority sexualities have been tolerated since the 1978 Constitution, is akin to a segmentation of social and sexual domains which aims at separating, making a disciplinary use of the concepts « publicness » and « privacy », what political homosexual subjectivities held together. The moral values of Franco's middle class contaminate the languages of democracy, especially those of Human Rights. Thus, they protect certain subjects while exposing others to a political violence of the « Transition » which has been forgotten. This study aims at questioning one particular postulate of today's western democracies, which guarantee fundamental rights like that to « privacy » : in it's context of enunciation, right after the end of Francoism, it bears a disciplinary intent against those resisting the democratic consensus. Persecuted by the government, they became « marginals » and, often in the 1980's, drug addicts and prostitutes : they are not entitled to the rights they fought for, namely the free use of one's body and sexuality. Seen through the filter of a post-social history of the « sexual revolutions » in the 1970's, the queer paradigm, which sometimes grants autonomy to sexualities, does not show that all subjects did not access this moralized right in Spain. This study discusses and historicizes these categories which underlie the recognition logics of today’s sexual minorities. / Si la democratización de España después de la dictadura franquista es ejemplar, ¿por qué los archivos judiciales a veces dan cuenta de una represión contra subjetividades homosexuales hasta la segunda mitad de los años 1980 en Barcelona? Si nos distanciamos de la memoria épica de las luchas épicas LGTB posfranquistas, otras subjetividades sexuales aparecen y se niegan a identificarse a la Constitución de 1978, a pesar de que garantice los derechos formales de los españoles. El estudio está interesado en la moralización del repertorio léxico de la democratización española y trata de desvelar la economía moral de la “Tranción” democrática, encarnada en un sujeto teórico, “las clases medias”. Están dotadas de un capital simbólico fuerte mientras España ingresa en el capitalismo de consumo y desde los años 1960 bajo Franco. Si el consenso es el concepto clave de la transición, no todos los españoles lo experimentan de la misma manera: para determinadas subjetividades gays, es una “barbarie institucionalizada”. Esas voces y su represión política, cuyo estudio es inédito, permiten mostrar que la “esfera privada”, en la que se toleran las sexualidades minoritarias con la Constitución de 1978, se parece a una segmentación de lo sexual y lo social, que apunta a separar con un uso disciplinario de lo “público” y de lo “privado” aquello que subjetividades homosexuales experimentaban juntamente. Los valores de las clases medias de Franco penetran los lenguajes de la democracia, los de los Derechos Humanos entre otros. Inmunizan determinados sujetos y exponen a otros a una violencia política olvidada de la “Transición”. El estudio pretende revisar los postulados de las democracias actuales que garantizan derechos fundamentales como la “vida privada”: en el contexto posfranquista en que acontece, cobra una intencionalidad disciplinaria hacia sujetos que resisten al consenso democrático. Represaliados por el Estado y convertidos en « marginados », perdidos en los 1980, drogadictos y prostituidos, no acceden a las conquistas de las luchas que encarnaron, la libre disposición del cuerpo y de las sexualidades propias. Enfocado desde una historia post-social de las “revoluciones sexuales” de los setenta, el paradigma sociológico queer, que a veces autonomiza las sexualidades, no muestra que no todos los sujetos accedieron a ese derecho moralizado en España. Este estudio discute e historiciza estas categorías que operan en las lógicas de reconocimiento de las minorías sexuales del tiempo presente.

Esta pesquisa propõe descrever e problematizar o contexto da construção das performances masculinas de trabalhadores que ficaram alojados em um canteiro de obras para a construção de uma usina hidrelétrica no oeste catarinense, no Sul do Brasil. Teoricamente, este estudo está situado no campo de conhecimento da Psicologia Social e Institucional na sua vertente pós-estruturalista, a qual entende os sujeitos como produtos de determinadas construções sociais. O estudo é baseado centralmente em Michel Foucault e Judith Butler. A metodologia foi guiada pela abordagem etnográfica e análise das formações discursivas. O corpus foi constituído basicamente por observações de campo e entrevistas. A pesquisa buscou descrever como são (re – des) construídas estas subjetividades masculinas, desde o processo de mobilização para a vinda e instalação destes trabalhadores, a composição da cidade temporária instalada no canteiro de obras até o processo de desmobilização. Este processo fala da itinerância destes homens interpelados como barrageiros. As análises compuseram-se por elementos que tomam eixos os elementos fundamentais da edificação destas masculinidades – a atividade sexual; a relação com a prostituição; o trabalho pesado e arriscado ligado à construção civil; a convivência nos alojamentos; a relação com as famílias; a corporalidade, e as relações de amizade/solidariedade que se constroem no processo de seguir barragens. A partir deste estudo, vislumbraram-se diferentes modos de ser homem, apesar de existirem modelos hegemônicos de masculinidades conectados à matriz heteronormativa, os quais entram em tensão e se reformulam de acordo com os marcadores sociais em questão (origem, escolaridade, idade), a época, o local e as relações que se estabelecem dentro da continuidade e da estabilidade que se constrói na itinerância dos/as seguidores/as de barragens. / This research aims at describing and discussing the context of the construction of the performances of male workers who were housed in a building site for the construction of a hydroelectric power plant in western Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Theoretically, this study is situated in the field of knowledge of Social and Institutional Psychology in its post-structuralist stream, which takes individuals as products of certain social constructs. This study is based mainly on Michel Foucault and Judith Butler. The methodology was guided by the ethnographic approach and by the analysis of discursive formations. The body was formed mostly by field observations and interviews. The research sought to describe how there are (re - de) constructed these mascua line subjectivities, from the mobilization process for the arrival and installation of these workers, the composition of the city temporarily installed at the works site, up to the demobilization process. All this process talks about the itinerancy of these men who are interpellated as barrageiros (“the men of the dams”). The analyses were composed of elements that take as axes the key elements in building these masculinities – the sexual activity, the relationship with prostitution, the hard and risky work linked to civil construction, the common living in the accommodations, the relationship with the family, the corporeality, and the relations of friendship/solidarity that are built in the process of following dams. From this study, there were devised different ways of being a man, despite the existence of hegemonic patterns of masculinities connected to the heteronormative matrix, which come into tension and are revised according to the social markers in question (origin, educational level, age), the time, the place and the relationships established within the continuity and stability that are built along the itinerancy of these men following the dams.

Por amor, só por amor: uma hermenêutica de gênero a partir de novas masculinidades em Mateus 1,18-25, apresenta José, o esposo de Maria, com seu corpo de homem construído em meio às relações androcráticas, androcêntricas, patriarcais, hegemônicas e dominantes da Palestina do primeiro século, mas que sonha com novas e outras relações, gerando um novo olhar sobre o texto a partir das masculinidades. Usando a metodologia da leitura popular da Bíblia, o ponto de partida é o corpo de homens, com suas perguntas sobre as construções da masculinidade hegemônica e das masculinidades e como estas construções resistem ou perpetuam um sistema que oprime os seres humanos e a Terra. Em seguida, pergunta-se pelo corpo de José no texto, para tanto toma-se emprestadas as categorias de gênero das teorias feministas, especialmente a desconstrução e reconstrução dos imaginários de gênero na vida do texto, mostra- se José nomeando e gerando uma masculinidade alternativa a partir da situação de discriminação e perigo vivida por Maria, grávida de Jesus. José, a partir do silêncio, do sonho, nomeia Jesus, Maria em sua plena dignidade e assim a partir da interpretação da comunidade mateana as pessoas empobrecidas. Há um vínculo entre a situação de Maria, empobrecida, e a do próprio José, re-interpretando sua masculinidade. Esta perícope se insere dentro da tradição do Evangelho da Infância de Jesus da comunidade de Mateus, para tanto este texto traz o processo de debate da questão sinótica. Enfim, é um texto que propõe um desafio novo de aprendizagem de hermenêutica bíblica a partir das masculinidades na construção das relações de espiritualidade ecumênica e ecológica de um outro mundo possível! / For love, only for love: a gender hermeneutic starting from new masculinities in Matthew 1:18-25 presents Joseph, the husband of Mary, with his man body, constructed amid of androcratic, androcentric, patriarchal, hegemonic and dominant relationships of first century‟s Palestine, but dreaming of new and different relationships. Thus it offers, from the viewpoint of masculinities, a new look at a familiar text. According to the methodology employed, i.e. the popular Bible interpretation, the analysis starts from the body of men with its inquiries about the construction of hegemonic masculinity and different masculinities, namely their aspects of gender and sexuality, and about the manner in which these constructions are signified, and resist against or perpetuate a system that oppresses the human beings and the Earth. Next, the analysis asks for Joseph's body in the text. By borrowing gender categories from feminist theories, especially the deconstruction and reconstruction of the gender imaginary present in the life of the text, Joseph is shown as naming and generating an alternative masculinity, starting from the situation of discrimination and danger lived by Mary, pregnant with Jesus. Out of his silence and his dream, Joseph names Jesus and Mary in their full dignity and thus according to the interpretation frame set by the Matthean community the impoverished people. There is a link between the situation of Mary who is impoverished, and the situation of Joseph himself who is re-interpreting his masculinity. Being a part of traditions of the Infancy Gospel handed down by the Matthean community, this pericope also concerns the ongoing debate of the synoptic question. Finally, it is a text that sets up the new challenge of learning biblical hermeneutic from the viewpoint of masculinities, by constructing relationships of ecumenical and ecological spirituality of another world that is possible!

This doctoral dissertation examines the social representation of masculinities in the contemporary Colombian cultural industry. The corpus of the study is composed by the novels of four Colombian writers (Santiago Gamboa, Alonso Sánchez Baute, John Better, and Efraím Medina) and their contributions to SoHo, a magazine for heterosexual men that is considered the Colombian version of Playboy. The research proves that gay and trans male bodies and subjectivities are commodified, spectacularized, and appropriated in order to include them in the late-capitalist logic that Colombia adopted at the beginning of the 90s. This dissertation relies on an interdisciplinary approach that combines Literary, Cultural and Gender Studies, and Queer Linguistics. In the first chapter, I argue that SoHo is a site of hybridization where local, regional, global, as well as hegemonic and counterhegemonic discourses about male Colombian sexuality concur. The second chapter focuses on the representation of gay and trans masculinities in Locas de felicidad (2009) by John Better and Al diablo la maldita primavera (2007) by Alonso Sánchez Baute, and shows how these Colombian authors question the neoliberal policies implemented in their country by constructing the male gay body as a commodity. Such construction reveals that LGBTQ subjects can only be fully considered citizens if they are useful to the imperatives of a liberal market economy. In chapter three, I explore the connection between Colombia's armed conflict, neoliberal policies, and masculinities in the novel Plegarias nocturnas (2012) by Santiago Gamboa. In this analysis I demonstrate that a violent, protectionist, and liberal masculine figure was erected in Colombia's national discourse as one of the means to cope with the longstanding military conflict in the country. Plegarias nocturnas contests this figure by emphasizing queer ways of living. The final chapter deals with Sexualidad de la Pantera Rosa (2004) by Efraím Medina and shows that although the subaltern protagonist of the novel presents himself as a critic of patriarchy, the power of his criticism is concealed through the use of an ironic and ambiguous discourse that, in the end, leads to the conservation of his heterosexual dominance. This research project is the first to analyze contemporary Colombian masculinities. The study of the rhetorical strategies employed by several writers to portray late capitalist masculinities enriches our knowledge of 20th and 21st-century Latin American literature demonstrating how it reflects the sociopolitical and economic changes of this period. In addition, by looking at how Colombian masculinities intertwine with regional and global gender politics, this research contributes to the current debates about sexual minorities and their role in maintaining neoliberal normative ways of living. Therefore, this study proposes innovative discussions regarding how the South reproduces and/or contests hegemonic discourses.