Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Every act of language results from a play between the implicit and the explicit (CHARAUDEAU, 2008). This phenomenon is born of specific discourse situations, which are carried out from the production and interpretation processes, and intrinsic to the social, historical and cultural context (BAKHTIN, 2003 [1979]). Communication has evolved in its most primitive form, perfecting itself and, consequently, passing through the invention of various technologies, until arriving at new media mechanisms interwoven by the digital world and developed in the contemporary world (from cave paintings to wood / clay plates, Scrolls, codex, books, computers, Tablets etc.). This moment in which this hybridization of languages gains a new dimension (BRAGA, 2013). This resizing broadens the ways of communicating and, consequently, allows the emergence of new textual genres that operate according to the cultural context (MARCUSCHI, 2008). The meme is a symbolic genre with respect to the digital environment today. Among so many others that are part of the research universe, it is important that this genre is more explored, since it alludes to textual configurations and sociodiscursive practices that reflect the individual's culture today. In this perspective, and based on Lévy (1999), Shifman (2014), Mondada and Dubois (2003), Cavalcante and Custódio Filho (2010), Cavalcante (2015), Koch and Elias (2016b), Kress and Van Leuween (2001), Xavier (2009), among others of equal importance, we seek, in this research, to analyze how the objects of discourse are (re) elaborated, in the digital meme genre, during the interaction of the subjects in the construction of the meanings of multimodal texts in the light of sociocognitivism and under the current perspective of the studies of Text Linguistics in interface with the theory of multimodality. To this end, From the theory of referencing and a multimodal view, that the making of the objects of speech happens also under multisemiotic textual configuration, and in the genre meme is, in most cases, recurrent in virtual environments, under a multimodal representation, encapsulating information and/or portions of texts, insofar as they assume some functions of indicating criticism and ideological positions or, also, creating humor effects. Thus, we attribute to this research qualitative nature because we consider its production in an environment of collective intelligence and rapid sharing of this information, that is, a high degree of interaction between the subjects. The corpora used, digital memes, were mostly selected from the memes museum website, taking as reference that the social universe is culturally shared among the interacting agents of the sociocommunicative process. / Todo ato de linguagem resulta de um jogo entre o implícito e o explícito (CHARAUDEAU, 2008). Esse fenômeno nasce de situações de discurso específicas, as quais se realizam a partir dos processos de produção e de interpretação, e intrínsecas ao contexto social, histórico e cultural (BAKHTIN, 2003[1979]). A comunicação tem evoluído da sua forma mais primitiva, aperfeiçoando-se e, consequentemente, passando pela invenção de várias tecnologias, até chegar a novos mecanismos midiáticos entremeados pelo mundo digital e desenvolvidos na contemporaneidade (das pinturas rupestres às placas de madeira/argila, aos pergaminhos, ao códex, aos livros, aos computadores, aos tablets etc.). Momento este em que essa hibridização de linguagens ganha uma nova dimensão (BRAGA, 2013). Esse redimensionamento amplia as formas de comunicar e, consequentemente, permite o surgimento de novos gêneros textuais que operam em função do contexto cultural (MARCUSCHI, 2008). O meme é um gênero simbólico no que diz respeito ao ambiente digital na atualidade. Entre tantos outros que fazem parte do universo da pesquisa, é importante que este gênero seja mais explorado, pois alude a configurações textuais e práticas sociodiscursivas que refletem a cultura do indivíduo na atualidade. Nessa perspectiva, e com base em Lévy (1999), Shifman (2014), Mondada e Dubois (2003), Cavalcante e Custódio Filho (2010), Cavalcante (2015), Koch e Elias (2016b), Kress e Van Leuween (2001), Xavier (2009), dentre outros de igual importância, buscamos, nesta pesquisa, analisar como os objetos de discurso são (re)elaborados, no gênero meme digital, durante a interação dos sujeitos na construção dos sentidos de textos multimodais à luz do sociocognitivismo e sob a perspectiva atual dos estudos da Linguística de Texto em interface com a teoria da multimodalidade. Para tanto, defendemos, a partir da teoria da referenciação e de um olhar multimodal, que a feitura dos objetos de discurso acontece também sob configuração textual multissemiótica, e no gênero meme é, na maioria das vezes, recorrente em meios virtuais, sob uma representação multimodal, encapsulando informações e/ou porções de textos, na medida em que assumem algumas funções de indicação de críticas e de posicionamentos ideológicos ou, ainda, criação de efeitos de humor. Desse modo, atribuímos a esta pesquisa natureza qualitativa porque consideramos sua produção em ambiente de inteligência coletiva e de rápido compartilhamento dessas informações, isto é, alto grau de interação entre os sujeitos. Os corpora utilizados, memes digitais, foram mormente selecionados do site museu de memes, tomando por referência que o universo social é culturalmente compartilhado entre os interactantes do processo sociocomunicativo. / São Cristóvão, SE

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-11-30T10:45:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Loraine Vidgal Lisboa - 2015.pdf: 1198544 bytes, checksum: a160421041b5c26982e9ffa061e21d5c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-11-30T10:47:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Loraine Vidgal Lisboa - 2015.pdf: 1198544 bytes, checksum: a160421041b5c26982e9ffa061e21d5c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-30T10:47:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Loraine Vidgal Lisboa - 2015.pdf: 1198544 bytes, checksum: a160421041b5c26982e9ffa061e21d5c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The internet has been the space – also known as cyberspace – used for interaction between contemporaneous social subjects. The technological rise, especially after war, personal computers trade and many electronic devices that we have access nowadays allow interactions which were impossible to happen without such technology. In this context, it is possible to recognize the overlapping of different human activity spheres, and because of that, the individual inserted in this technological context encounters communicative needs that have not existed previously. To meet the emerging gaps in that environment, many discursive genres have emerged or got adapted to this new reality. In this sense, this masters dissertation entitled “Memes jurisprudenciais no facebook do STJ: A constituição dialógica de um gênero verbo-visual” regards to a study in which we propose that the jurisprudential meme, authored by the Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ), is a discursive genre spread in the social network facebook – produced and circulated in this space – providing dialogic relations between legal discourse materialized through verb-visual language, thus favoring the formation of architectonic genre in question. To accomplish this, we set out to conduct a theoretical and documentary research about some Bakhtinian fundamentals that are relevant to this research, and analyze the dialogical relations found in 4 (four) memes (among 109 collected) displayed at STJ photo albums presented on its facebook page. This choice was made from thematic and imagistic recurrences that refer to discourses on laws which concern relations between parents and children, as well as the use of Star Wars characters that, in a context of imbricated spheres, form the architectonic of this genre. Our hypothesis is that when the jurisprudential meme materializes several discourses through verb-visual language on its statements, establishing dialogical relations between them, it can be considered a discursive genre according to Bakhtin studies. Our theoretical and methodological reflections and analyzes are based on the dialogical conception of language advocated by Bakhtin Circle, specially formed by Bakhtin, Volochínov and Medviedev. Our emphasis is given in dialogism, ideological sign, verbal interaction, discourse genre, as well as discourse, because, according to the dialogical school of thought preconized by Bakhtin Circle, is from the dialogical relations allowed by the relatively stable statements that form the discursive genres that the social subject has access to the discourses and to the language, interacting with himself, with others and with the world around them, forming himself continuously. / A internet tem sido o espaço – também denominado por alguns como ciberespaço – destinado à interação entre os sujeitos sociais da contemporaneidade. A ascensão tecnológica, especialmente pós guerra, a comercialização de computadores pessoais e os diversos dispositivos eletrônicos a que temos acesso atualmente trazem à tona interações antes impossibilitadas sem tal tecnologia. Nesse contexto, é possível reconhecer o imbricamento de diversas esferas de atividade humana, fazendo com que o sujeito inserido em contexto tecnológico se depare com necessidades comunicativas inexistentes anteriormente e, para suprir as lacunas emergentes desse ambiente, diversos gêneros discursivos surgem ou se adaptam a essa nova realidade. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação de mestrado intitulada Memes jurisprudenciais no facebook do STJ: A constituição dialógica de um gênero verbo-visual diz respeito a um estudo em que propomos que o meme jurisprudencial, de autoria do Superior Tribunal de Justiça (STJ), é um gênero discursivo propagado na rede social facebook – produzido e circulado neste espaço – propiciando relações dialógicas entre discursos jurídicos materializados por meio da linguagem verbo-visual, favorecendo, assim, a constituição da arquitetônica do gênero em questão. Para tal, nos dispusemos a realizar uma pesquisa teórico-documental sobre alguns fundamentos bakhtinianos pertinentes à pesquisa, assim como analisar as relações dialógicas encontradas em 4 (quatro) memes (dentre 109 coletados) veiculados nos álbuns de fotos da página pública do STJ no facebook. Tal escolha foi feita a partir de recorrências temáticas e imagéticas que se referem a discursos sobre leis que contemplam relações entre pais e filhos, assim como ao uso de personagens da saga Star Wars que, em imbricamento de esferas – jurídica e midiática – compõem a arquitetônica deste gênero. Partimos da hipótese de que o meme jurisprudencial, ao materializar discursos diversos por meio da linguagem verbo-visual de seus enunciados, estabelecendo relações dialógicas entre eles, pode ser considerado um gênero discursivo segundo os estudos bakhtinianos. Para nossas reflexões teórico-metodológicas e análises, nos pautaremos na concepção dialógica da linguagem preconizada pelo Círculo de Bakhtin, constituído principalmente por Bakhtin, Volochínov e Medviédev. Nossa ênfase se dará nas noções de dialogismo, signo ideológico, interação verbal, gênero discursivo e discurso, pois, segundo o pensamento dialógico do Círculo, é a partir das relações dialógicas possibilitadas pelos enunciados relativamente estáveis que configuram os gêneros discursivos que o sujeito tem acesso aos discursos e à linguagem, interagindo consigo mesmo, com o outro e com o mundo à sua volta, constituindo-se continuamente.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo essencial identificar e caracterizar o fenômeno emergente da expressão cômica gráfica na conversação natural e cotidiana em redes sociais virtuais, especialmente através de mensagens em linguagem híbrida. Nelas, imagens fixas e texto se combinam criativamente por meio de habilidades comunicativas, antes pouco exploradas por parte do usuário comum, como as habilidades de design associadas à expressão do humor, para difundir \"piadas\" sobre assuntos da atualidade entre círculos de amigos e seguidores. As unidades comunicativas, corpus deste trabalho, assumem o comportamento de memes visuais e sua tipificação sob os pontos de vista da sintaxe, semântica e pragmática, conforme proposto por Morris (1985), colaboram no esclarecimento da relação entre seus elementos constitutivos. A popularização de mensagens com tais características indica seu potencial de influência significativa tanto na manutenção e amplificação do \"capital social\" do usuário criador quanto nos novos traços culturais de uma emergente cultura gráfica amadora / The present work has main goal to identify and characterize the emerging phenomenon of graphic comic expression in natural and everyday conversation in virtual social networks, especially through messages in a hybrid language. These still images and text combine creatively through communication skills, previously little explored by the average user, and skills associated with the expression of mood design, to spread \"jokes\" on current affairs among circles of friends and followers. Communicative units, corpus of this work, assume the behavior of visual memes and their classification under the points of view of syntax, semantics and pragmatics, as proposed by Morris (1985), assist in clarifying the relationship between its constituent elements. The popularization of messages with such features indicates its potential to significantly influence on both the maintenance and amplification of \"social capital\" user as creator in the new cultural traits of an emerging culture amateur graphic.

Since the start of 2020 the coronavirus has spread across the world like wildfire. The pandemic has so far killed over one hundred thousand people in its global rampage, and has subsequently left many countries in economic and political ruins. Political opinion makers have used the crisis to highlight and concretize perceived societal flaws, and one source for this type of criticism is the social media platform Reddit, where memes are used in different forums about American politics. This study examines corona related political memes on the subreddit r/PoliticalHumor, and emphasizes and discusses what opinions, ideologies and discourses that take place on the self proclaimed politically neutral forum during the corona crisis. The theoretical framework firstly defines political memes thanks to various studies about the specific subject, supported by theories surrounding participatory culture by Henry Jenkins. We also use the theories of social constructivism, semiotics, internet social activism and a critical discourse analysis (CDA). The CDA is also the main method of the study, where we use Anabela Carvalho’s CDA model fitted for media texts. Johnny Saldaña’s thematic quantitative analysis model, and Roland Barthes semiotic analysis model about denotation and connotation further helps us to dissect and analyze the memes. The results show us that the political memes regarding corona on r/PoliticalHumor are predominantly critical towards the American power elite, and use the corona crisis to highlight the perceived flaws of the US hegemony rather than to support it. This political critique is presented in three major discourses; distrust of the power, othering of the political opponents and a collapse discourse. As a tool for opinion making in an international crisis, political memes might follow these three major discourses in other contexts.

This research project is an analysis of the use of digital propaganda by the three major parties in the UK 2010 General Election. In addition to this empirical aim, the study also employs the discipline of memetics to generate a theoretical and methodological approach with which to study digital propaganda. Memetics is an evolutionary theory of culture based around the concept of the ‘meme’ or cultural replicator. This study contends that propaganda can be understood as an evolutionary phenomenon, with the ethical implications of its use specifically addressed in each instance, rather than assumed as part of its definition. The memetic ‘methodological toolkit’ which is used to analyse the data on the 2010 election is a means by which key concepts from within the literature on memetics can be practically deployed. As part of the study this ‘toolkit’ is presented and the testing of it is continually evaluated in order to improve upon the initial design, something which also has implications for the use of memetic concepts within thematic textual analysis. The election itself was not an ‘Internet election’ in the way that the 2008 Presidential Election in the USA might be characterised. Such an election can be identified by a convergence of factors from within the party campaign structures and the wider political environment on a specific subject or individual – commonly a candidate for office – resulting in a high degree of spontaneous online participation and organisation amongst citizen supporters. This study argues that the UK 2010 election did not produce such a convergence due to low levels of voter enthusiasm, uneven social and financial resources and an inability by the major parties to capitalise on the potential opportunities for digital campaigning which arose.

Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Visual Arts / Thesis (MA (VA)) -- Stellenbosch University, 2006. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Cultural evolution & genre: an investigation of three South African graphic narratives of the South African Border war (1975-1988) Magister in Fine Arts thesis, Department of Fine Arts, Stellenbosch University This study analyses three South African graphic narratives in the context of culture evolving in the Darwinian sense. It is deemed necessary to consider evolutionary theory in such a study of graphic narratives as it considers the development of culture as resulting from a process of evolution akin to natural selection. Special attention is paid to the theory of memetics, in the field of evolutionary epistemology, and its proposal to model cultural evolution. While this model relies on evolutionary theory, the development of culture is seen as evolving separately from biological evolution. This evolutionary perspective on culture is combined with the concepts of discourse and genre in social semiotics and media studies to investigate the changes in the depiction of the Border war in South African graphic narratives. As such this study focuses on the strategic viewpoint of cultural evolution, the role of memes in genre and its interaction with the evolution of discourse. This approach is offered as a useful method to analyse cultural artefacts. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kulturele evolusie & genre: 'n ondersoek van drie grafiese verhale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Grensoorlog (1975-1988) Magister in Beeldende Kunste tesis, Oepat1ement Beeldende Kunste, Universiteit van Stellcnbosch Hicrdie studic ontleed drie Suid-Afrikaanse graficse verhale in die konteks van kultuur wat evolueer in die Oarwinistiese sin. Oit word belangrik gereken om evolusieteorie in so 'n studie van grafiese verhale in ag te neem aangesien die ontwikkeling van kultuur as die resultaat van 'n proses van evolusie, verwand aan natuurlike seleksie, geag word. Spesiale aandag word geskenk aan die teorie van meme, in die veld van evolusieepistemologie, en die teorie se voorstel om kulturele evolusie te modelleer. Terwyl so 'n teorie op evolusieteorie steun, word die ontwikkeling van kultuur beskou as 'n afsonderlike proses van natuurlike seleksie. Hierdie evolusienere perspektief op kultuur word verenig met die konsepte van diskoers en genre in sosiale semiotiek en media studies om die veranderende uitbeelding van die Grensoorlog in Suid-Afrikaanse gratiese verhale na te vors. Sodanig fokus hierdie studie op die strategiesc oogpunt van kulturele evolusie, die rol van meme in genre en die interaksie met die ontwikkeling van diskoers. Hierdie benadering word aangebied as 'n waardevolle metode om kulturele artefakte te ontleed.

Tez (Uzmanlık) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Radyodiagnostik Anabilim Dalı, 2008. / Kaynakça var.

Background: The modern day era of the Internet gave birth to the growing phenomenon of Internet memes (IM), a type of online user generated content (UGC) (Gangadharbatla, 2008). Now marketers have begun researching the relationship between UGC and consumer based brand equity (CBBE) (Christodoulides et.al, 2012; Rachna and Khajuria, 2017). The problem discussion presents the issue of the diminishing control of brand equity due to the rise of UGC and lack of research on how to manage its influence (Morrison et al., 2013). Leading to the purpose of this thesis, which is to determine the impact Internet memes have on consumer based brand equity. Literature: The review presents two leading contributors to the field, Aaker’s (1991) framework on the different dimensions of CBBE and Keller’s (1993) definition of the concept. In addition recent studies on UGC and brand equity provided the basis for hypothesis development. Method: This thesis assumed a deductive research approach, developing the hypothesis from current literature in the field. A quantitative study, that utilized an explanatory research approach, because it best suited the experimental design. As for the data collection method, surveys were considered (Saunders et al., 2016), which the authors designed as a self-completion questionnaire and pre-tested (Bryman and Bell, 2015). Convenience sampling was chosen to select participants (Hernon, 2004). Construct and content validity was used along with homogeneity and stability to control reliability and measure the quality of research instruments (Bryman and Bell, 2015). SPSS version 25 was used to conduct all statistical analyses. Results: Four hypotheses were developed, to measure the effect of the independent variable IM on each of the four CBBE dimensions. To summarize, three of the hypothesis (H1, H3 and H4) were rejected as the difference in the means are not significant enough and can be explained by chance. The effect on brand association (H2) was however found to be significant therefore H2 was accepted.

Med frågeställnigarna: Hur uttrycks visual kei memes som visuell kultur? Hur möjliggör en ungdomskultur som visual kei olika former av identiteter? Så studeras visual kei memes med en netnografisk metod och som form för kommunikation på nätet. Detta görs av memes insamlade under perioden 20 september till den 26 oktober 2017. För undersöka hur de insamlade memearna används som kommunikationsmedel har jag följt en facebookgrupp, samt tre stycken sidor relaterade till visual kei på facebook. Memesen analyseras med diskursanalys med ett intertextuellt och intersektionellt perspektiv, med stöd från tidigare fanfiction forskning. För att resonera kring identitet används tidigare forskning kring ungdomars nätaktiviteter som stöd. Slutligen förs ett resonemang kring hur en didaktiskt kan arbeta med memes inom skolans bildundervisning. Som komplement undersöker den visuella gestaltningen #looli deltagarkultur på och utanför nätet. Denna gestaltning redovisades på www.facebook.com/hashtaglooli/ samt via utställning på Konstfack 8 till den 12 januari 2018. #looli höll även i ett samtal med besökare under utställningens vernissage som rörde sig om hur en kan arbeta med deltagarkultur inom bildämnet.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this article we will discuss the genre meme as a proposal to a reflection about reading comprehension in its various modalities, attending to a pedagogical practice of language teaching more inclusive and more focused on literacy and citizenship of basic education students. We define meme as a genre that lies at the interface and dialogism with other more traditional comic material, such as cartoon, charge, and comic strips, but with a freer structure. It consists of verbal and nonverbal texts, very meaningful, usually dealing on social issues of a more polemic nature about everyday life, politics, sports and alike. The objective of the research aims to study and make a more detailed discussion about meme with students from public schools of Sergipe, which are coming out of elementary school (ninth grade and fourth EJAEF stage), as well as a description of how the said genre was analyzed and discussed by them. The theoretical and methodological assumptions are based on studies of Kleiman (1989; 2005) about reading, literacy and citizenship; of Leffa (1996) about a more cognitive perspective reading, and Perrenoud (2000), about new technologies, among other authors. The results highlight the inclusion of memes in language teaching is promising, especially to promote identity in the group with issues beyond the school walls. / Neste trabalho, abordamos o gênero textual meme como proposta de reflexão sobre compreensão da leitura em suas multimodalidades, atendendo a uma estratégia de aula mais voltada para a oralidade, na tentativa de tornarmos o ensino de língua mais inclusivo (de maior escuta), bem como firmarmos a formação dos alunos da Educação Básica para o letramento e para a cidadania. Definimos meme como gênero textual que se situa na interface e dialogismo com outros gêneros em quadrinhos mais tradicionais, como o cartum, a charge e as tirinhas, porém, com estrutura mais livre: além de permitir mesclar imagens reais e fictícias (caricaturadas ou não), não controla também a acomodação de textos verbais e não verbais, no todo significativo. Constitui-se, então, de textos verbais e não verbais, plurissignificativos, versando geralmente sobre questões sociais de natureza mais polêmica sobre o cotidiano, a política, o esporte e afins.O objetivo da pesquisa visa ao estudo e à discussão mais pormenorizados do meme com estudantes da rede pública estadual de Sergipe que estão saindo do Ensino Fundamental (nono ano e quarta etapa de EJAEF), bem como à descrição do modo como o referido gênero foi por eles analisado e discutido em avaliação de escrita e avaliação de escuta (oral). Os pressupostos teórico-metodológicos baseiam-se nos estudos de Kleiman (1989; 2005) sobre leitura, letramento e cidadania; de Leffa (1996), sobre a perspectiva mais cognitiva da leitura; e de Perrenoud (2000), sobre as novas tecnologias, dentre outros autores. Os resultados evidenciam que a inclusão de memes no ensino de língua é promissora, especialmente por promover identidade no grupo com questões além dos muros da escola.