Le système nerveux central humain est un système de traitement de l'information stupéfiant en termes de capacités, de polyvalence, d’adaptabilité et de faible consommation d'énergie. Sa structure complexe se compose de milliards de neurones, interconnectés par plusieurs trillions de synapses, formant des grappes spécialisées. Récemment, l'imitation de ces paradigmes a suscité un intérêt croissant en raison de la nécessité d'approches informatiques avancées pour s'attaquer aux défis liés à la génération de quantités massives de données complexes dans l'ère de l’Internet des Objets (IoT). Ceci a mené à un nouveau domaine de recherche, connu sous le nom d’informatique cognitive ou d'ingénierie neuromorphique, qui repose sur les architectures dites non-von-Neumann (inspirées du cerveau) en opposition aux architectures von-Neumann (ordinateurs classiques). Dans cette thèse, nous examinons l'utilisation des technologies de mémoire résistive telles que les mémoires à accès aléatoires à base de lacunes d’oxygène (OxRAM) et les mémoires à pont conducteur (CBRAM) pour la conception de synapses artificielles, composants de base indispensables des réseaux neuromorphiques. De plus, nous développons un réseau de neurones impulsionnels artificiel (SNN), utilisant des synapses OxRAM, pour l'analyse de données impulsionnelles provenant du cerveau humain en vue du traitement de troubles neurologiques, en connectant la sortie du SNN à une interface cerveau-ordinateur (BCI). L'impact des problèmes de fiabilité, caractéristiques des OxRAMs, sur les performances du système est étudié en détail et les moyens possibles pour atténuer les pénalités liées aux incertitudes des dispositifs seuls sont démontrés. En plus de l’implémentation avec des OxRAMs et CBRAMs de la bien connue plasticité fonction du temps d’occurrence des impulsions (STDP), qui constitue une forme de plasticité à long terme (LTP), les dispositifs OxRAM ont également été utilisés pour imiter la plasticité à court terme (STP). Les fonctionnalités fondamentalement différentes de la LTP et STP sont mises en évidence. / The central nervous system of humankind is an astonishing information processing system in terms of its capabilities, versatility, adaptability and low energy consumption. Its complex structure consists of billions of neurons interconnected by trillions of synapses forming specialized clusters. Recently, mimicking those paradigms has attracted a strongly growing interest, triggered by the need for advanced computing approaches to tackle challenges related to the generation of massive amounts of complex data in the Internet of Things (IoT) era. This has led to a new research field, known as cognitive computing or neuromorphic engineering, which relies on the so-called non-von-Neumann architectures (brain-inspired) in contrary to von-Neumann architectures (conventional computers). In this thesis, we explore the use of resistive memory technologies such as oxide vacancy based random access memory (OxRAM) and conductive bridge RAM (CBRAM) for the design of artificial synapses that are a basic building block for neuromorphic networks. Moreover, we develop an artificial spiking neural network (SNN) based on OxRAM synapses dedicated to the analysis of spiking data recorded from the human brain with the goal of using the output of the SNN in a brain-computer interface (BCI) for the treatment of neurological disorders. The impact of reliability issues characteristic to OxRAM on the system performance is studied in detail and potential ways to mitigate penalties related to single device uncertainties are demonstrated. Besides the already well-known spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) implementation with OxRAM and CBRAM which constitutes a form of long term plasticity (LTP), OxRAM devices were also used to mimic short term plasticity (STP). The fundamentally different functionalities of LTP and STP are put in evidence.

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore product attachment among men and women in conjugal associations and to design a series of household objects to encourage product attachment. A preliminary study based on the interview responses of 16 married individuals was used to identify themes and to develop the instrument employed in the main study. The main study sample consisted of eight married couples and the qualitative methodology involved the thematic content analysis of their responses to a questionnaire and in-depth interviews. The findings supported product attachment theory, and masculinity and femininity was reflected by the objects that the participants perceived to be the most valuable. Men tended to prefer objects with a functional value serving a consumer experience, particularly those that they could interact with and/or express the masculine desire to be independent and take an active role. Women were more variable in their preferences, but most became attached to objects with shared, affective and/or affiliative value. The values which made an object special were found, in general, not to be common to both husband and wife; however, those objects with a shared value, reflecting episodic memories concerning their marriage, were highlighted. These findings led to the construction of a tentative explanatory model to expand product attachment theory in the context of married couples. Underpinned by this model, action is recommended to promote the design and segmented marketing of products in order to create an emotional bond for one or both conjugal partners. Designs are proposed for a series of household objects to encourage the progressive development of episodic memories among married couples. Some prospective designs of products specifically targeted to promote shared value among the married couple segment of the market, including furniture and decorative items for the home are described. Further research is recommended to expand product attachment theory to take into consideration the design of objects for the married couples market.

The theme of this work is memory and memory's retained memories associated with emotions. Memories which can be stored and recalled are often times associated with certain objects. On this issue, opinions by psychologist and sociologist Bohuslav Beetle and aesthetics and philosopher Dušan Sindelar are selected. The concept created on the basis of the theoretical part of the thesis brought in solutions in several different fingerprint files, which symbolize transience and fragility of memories in our lives.

Submitted by Fabrizia Pires de Oliveira (fabriziapiresdeoliveira@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-05T19:13:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabrizia Pires de Oliveira_Tese 2016.pdf repositório.pdf: 10707380 bytes, checksum: 6d0ead5cfa90cc8c69b8bed17f2c7c0e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2017-09-06T19:43:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabrizia Pires de Oliveira_Tese 2016.pdf repositório.pdf: 10707380 bytes, checksum: 6d0ead5cfa90cc8c69b8bed17f2c7c0e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-06T19:43:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabrizia Pires de Oliveira_Tese 2016.pdf repositório.pdf: 10707380 bytes, checksum: 6d0ead5cfa90cc8c69b8bed17f2c7c0e (MD5) / CAPES / Esta tese se move na seara da temática Esquecimento e Memória; analisa as implicações doesquecimento nos currículos de formação de professores. Investiga as relações entre memória e esquecimento a partir do Programa de Formação de Professores da Universidade Federal da Bahia/Faculdade de Educação, em parceria com as Prefeituras Municipais de Irecê e Tapiramutá/BA, conhecido como Projeto Irecê. A pesquisa busca apresentar tanto questões conceituais e teóricas ligados ao esquecimento, como a discussão do lugar do esquecimento no Curso de Pedagogia do Projeto Irecê. Destacaremos o conceito de esquecimento na filosofia nietzschiana. O esquecimento é entendido como atividade, força possibilitadora do novo,simbolizando uma forma de saúde forte, uma força plástica. Esse conceito se relacionará com outros conceitos essenciais para a compreensão do sentido de atividade, apoiados em autores como Ricoeur e Freud. A pesquisa bibliográfica pautou-se em referências sobre memórias,autobiografias e esquecimento. A investigação foi inscrita na abordagem qualitativa de base fenomenológica e existencial, para a análise interpretativa das fontes (memoriais, diários de ciclos, e-mails, pareceres avaliativos etc.), é apresentada à taxionomia do esquecimento com oito dimensões. A formação do educador diante dessa perspectiva envolve as múltiplas referências que compuseram o seu saber ser e seu saber fazer ao longo da existência de cada ser-no-mundo, como um processo de criação, para inaugurar novas possibilidades de vida e formação de uma cultura autêntica, num constante devir singular da arte de esquecer e lembrar. / ABSTRACT This thesis moves on the theme of TForgetting and Memory and analyzes the implications of forgetting in teachers training curricula. It investigates the relations between memory and forgetfulness from the Teachers Training Program of Universidade Federal da Bahia-UFBA (Federal University of Bahia/College of Education) in partnership with municipal government of Irecê and Tapiramutá/BA, known as Irecê Project. The research seeks to present conceptual and theoretical issues related to forgetfulness, as well as the discussion of the place of forgetfulness in Irecê Pedagogy Course Project. We will highlight the concept of forgetfulness in Nietzsche´s Philosophy. Forgetfulness is understood as activity, an enabling force of the new, symbolizing a strong health form and seen like a plastic force. This concept will be related to other one that is essential to understanding the sense of activity, based on authors as Ricoeur and Freud. The bibliographic research was based on references about memories,autobiographies, and forgetfulness. It was inscribed in a qualitative approach of phenomenological and existential basis, for the interpretative analysis of the sources (memorials, diaries of cycles, e-mails, evaluative opinions, etc.) and it is presented to the taxonomy of oblivion with eight dimensions. Educator´s formation in this perspective involves multiple references that made up her/his knowledge and his/her know-how throughout the existence of each being-in-the-world, as a process of creation that inaugurates new possibilities of life and formation in a authentic culture that is in a constant and singular becoming in the forgetting and remembering art. Keywords: Forgetfulness. Teacher Training. Memories. Taxonomy.

A presente dissertação busca compreender as formas de expressão das memórias de homens e mulheres na maturidade e idosos, com seus possíveis elementos dramáticos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com três mulheres e três homens participantes de um grupo de teatro. Na metodologia empregada história oral optou-se pela entrevista temática. O tema das memórias foi gerado pela escolha dos entrevistados de, no máximo, três fotografias. As entrevistas foram realizadas a partir de perguntas abertas: “por que escolheu essa fotografia?” ou “que lembranças lhe trouxe essa imagem?”. A avaliação das informações da pesquisa foi realizada por meio da análise do conteúdo. Na unidade “Memórias”, foram analisadas as memórias dramática, emocional e social. As análises apontaram que o conflito − essência da dramaticidade − está presente em todas as memórias, em algum dos fatos narrados. A memória que é armazenada e depois lembrada, em sua maioria, está ligada às emoções vividas. Em alguns momentos da narrativa, a memória pessoal se mescla com a memória da sociedade onde o indivíduo viveu, o que caracteriza a memória coletiva ou social. / This dissertation seeks to understand the forms of expressing memories of men and women in maturity and old age, with their possible dramatic elements. The study was conducted with a group of three women and three men participating in a theater group. Given to the methodology employed – oral history – we chose to conduct thematic interviews. The theme of memories was a result of the choice of a maximum of three photographs by respondents. The interviews included open-ended questions: Why did you choose that photograph? Which memories did this picture raise? Data was analyzed through content analysis. The MEMORIES unit analyzed: dramatic, emotional and, social memory. The analyses showed that conflict – the essence of drama – is present in all memories, in some of the events. Most memories stored and then remembered are linked to emotions experienced. At some moments of the narrative, personal memory is intertwined with memories of the society individuals lived in, characterizing collective or social memory.

Trata-se de investigação sobre narrativas de memórias de professoras dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, aposentadas, que viveram em Mato Grosso o processo histórico de formação e consolidação de Tangará da Serra, município no qual tiveram suas experiências profissionais. Inscreve-se no campo de estudos da História da Educação e se inspira na História Cultural. A atenção volta-se, entre outros aspectos, à análise das relações entre a experiência profissional e as formas de representação do mundo social das professoras, expressas em suas narrativas sobre a experiência de migração e os diversos aspectos do exercício da profissão docente no contexto histórico específico. O problema de pesquisa indaga como esse processo é narrado pelas entrevistadas, decorrido quase meio século, considerando a década de 1960 do século XX (período de chegada das famílias das primeiras professoras entrevistadas). Juntamente com o município que se constituía, também foram constituindo-se professoras. Para a história cultural, trata-se de pensar os modos como uma realidade é historicamente construída, pensada, narrada. A metodologia da história oral possibilitou a produção dos dados da pesquisa, assim como demandou a explicitação do conceito de memória e a compreensão de como as professoras reconstroem suas reminiscências instadas pelo evento enunciativo da entrevista, momento em que elaboraram suas narrativas, atravessadas pelas experiências do presente. As narrativas são concebidas como exercício de produção de identidades passadas e presentes e expressam representações da realidade, os modos como as professoras narram a si mesmas e como são narradas pelos outros. Em se tratando dos temas migração e colonização, destacam-se autores como João Carlos Barrozo, Regina Beatriz Guimarães Neto e Octavio Ianni. Da história cultural, autores como Roger Chartier e Sandra Pesavento foram centrais. Para pensar a memória, destacam-se Alistair Thomson, Antonio Torres Montenegro, Alessandro Portelli, Maria Stephanou e Maria Helena Bastos. No que diz respeito à história da educação, em regiões de colonização recente, a tese valeu-se dos estudos de Carlos E. Oliveira e Josiane B. Rohden. O corpus empírico da pesquisa constitui-se de narrativas de memórias das professoras, concebidas como documentos orais. Foram entrevistadas cinco professoras e colhidos quatorze depoimentos que integram o Acervo de Memórias de Professores da Sala de Memória de Tangará da Serra. Também foram utilizadas fotografias do Acervo da Sala de Memória de Tangará da Serra e artigos de jornais que constam no Acervo de Documentação do Núcleo de Documentação e Informação Histórica Regional – UFMT/Cuiabá. As professoras narradoras, após a experiência da migração, fixaram-se em Tangará da Serra. Frequentaram o Curso de Magistério, casaram-se, constituíram suas próprias famílias e, juntamente com o lugar que se transformava, foram também elas transformando-se ao ocupar uma multiplicidade de lugares: filhas, irmãs, esposas, mães, profissionais professoras, definidas e subjetivadas por múltiplas identidades. Suas memórias reconstruídas no presente apresentam-se como composição. / This is a research on narratives of retired teachers‟ memories in the early years of elementary school, who lived in Mato Grosso during the historical process of formation and consolidation of Tangara da Serra, the town in which they had their professional experiences. It falls within the field of studies of the History of Education and it is inspired by the Cultural History. The attention is focused, among other aspects, on the analysis of the relation between work experience and the forms of representation of the teachers‟ social world/environment expressed in their narratives about the experience of migration and the different aspects of the teaching practice in their specific historical context. The research problem is placed on how this process is narrated by the interviewees, after almost half a century, considering the 1960‟s, in the twentieth century (arrival time of the first families of the interviewed teachers). Together with the town which was being constituted, the teachers were also constituted. For the Cultural History it is about thinking modes by which a reality is historically constructed, designed, narrated. The methodology of oral history allowed the production of research data, and demanded the clarification of the concept of memory and understanding how teachers reconstruct their reminiscences encouraged by the enunciation event interview, time in which they developed their narratives, traversed by the experiences of present. Narratives are conceived as an exercise in producing past and present identities and express representations of reality, the ways teachers narrate themselves and how they are narrated by others. In terms of migration and colonization topics include authors such as John Carlos Barrozo, Regina Beatriz Guimarães Neto and Octavio Ianni. Cultural history, authors such as Roger Chartier and Sandra Pesavento were central. Thinking about the memory, Alistair Thomson, Antonio Torres Montenegro, Alessandro Portelli, Maria Stephanou and Maria Helena Bastos are highlighted. With regard to the history of education in regions of recent settlement thesis drew on the studies of Charles E. Oliveira and Josiane B. Rohden. The empirical research corpus consists of narratives of the teachers‟ memories, designed as oral documents. Five teachers were interviewed and fourteen statements were collected, that comprise the Collection of Memories of Teachers Living Memory of Tangara da Serra. UFMT / Cuiabá - Collection of photographs of the Living Memory of Tangara da Serra and newspaper articles appearing in the Collection of Documentation Center of Documentation and Historical Regional Information were also used. The narrating teachers, after the experience of migration, settled in Tangara da Serra. They attended the Teaching Course (Teaching Degree), married, formed their own families and, together with the place which was transforming, they were also being transformed to occupy a multitude of “places”: daughters, sisters, wives, mothers, professionals, teachers, defined and identified by multiple identities. The memories reconstructed in the present are presented as composition.

The diploma thesis called A Contribution to the History of the Locality of Zátoň deals with mapping of the historical background of this Šumava village. The opening chapters of the thesis concern the description of the history of Šumava and Sudety in general. The study of the particularities of this region and its development in the history puts the occurence into the period-context. The thesis deals with the events of the 20th century, when the German population was transfered out of their homes. The region was changed significantly by this step. The technical literature and memories of the contemporary witnesses were used in the thesis.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo investigar as memórias do escritor Pedro Nava, destacando as estratégias de autorrepresentação adotadas pelo autor nas obras Baú de osso e Balão cativo. Essas duas obras compreendem as etapas do nascimento até os treze anos do memorialista, ou seja, período no qual Pedro Nava recebeu as maiores influências para sua formação. Analisamos que os autobiografemas elementos comuns nas escritas de si foram utilizados por Pedro Nava para moldar uma autofiguração de pesquisador, observador, analista de perfis humanos, além de grande leitor e intelectual. Abordamos a história familiar, a descoberta do mundo através das cidades, a paixão pelos livros e as experiências como interno dos colégios Anglo-Mineiro e Pedro II. Locais, inclusive, de descobertas para o caminho da medicina e da literatura. Consideramos que esses procedimentos fazem parte de um processo de construção de sua autoimagem / This dissertation investigates the memories of writer Pedro Nava, giving prominence to strategies of self-representation adopted by the author in Baú de ossos and Balão cativo. These two books show the stages up to thirteen years since the birth of memorialist, in other words, the period in which Pedro Nava received the best influences for your formation. We analyzed ordinary of autobiography wich have been used by Pedro Nava to shape a self-concept of researcher, observer, analyst of human profile, as well as a great reader and intellect. We addressed the family history, his discovery of the world through cities, his passion for books and his experiences at boarding schools such Anglo-Mineiro and Pedro II. In these places, he discovered skills for medical sciences and literature. We considered these procedures are parts of process of the construction of the your self-concept

abstract: Flash memories are critical for embedded devices to operate properly but are susceptible to radiation effects, which make flash memory a key factor to improve the reliability of circuitry. This thesis describes the simulation techniques used to analyze and predict total ionizing dose (TID) effects on 90-nm technology Silicon Storage Technology (SST) SuperFlash Generation 3 devices. Silvaco Atlas is used for both device level design and simulation purposes. The simulations consist of no radiation and radiation modeling. The no radiation modeling details the cell structure development and characterizes basic operations (read, erase and program) of a flash memory cell. The program time is observed to be approximately 10 μs while the erase time is approximately 0.1 ms. The radiation modeling uses the fixed oxide charge method to analyze the TID effects on the same flash memory cell. After irradiation, a threshold voltage shift of the flash memory cell is observed. The threshold voltages of a programmed cell and an erased cell are reduced at an average rate of 0.025 V/krad. The use of simulation techniques allows designers to better understand the TID response of a SST flash memory cell and to predict cell level TID effects without performing the costly in-situ irradiation experiments. The simulation and experimental results agree qualitatively. In particular, simulation results reveal that ‘0’ to ‘1’ errors but not ‘1’ to ‘0’ retention errors occur; likewise, ‘0’ to ‘1’ errors dominate experimental testing, which also includes circuitry effects that can cause ‘1’ to ‘0’ failures. Both simulation and experimental results reveal flash memory cell TID resilience to about 200 krad. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2016

Les mémoires à changement de phase (PCRAM) sont l'un des candidats les plus prometteurs pour la prochaine génération de mémoires non-volatiles du fait de leurs excellentes vitesses de fonctionnement et endurance. Cependant, deux inconvénients majeurs nécessitent une amélioration afin de permettre leur percée sur le marché des mémoires, à savoir un temps de rétention court à hautes températures et une consommation électrique trop importante. Cette thèse s'intéresse au développement de nouveaux matériaux à changement de phase afin de remplacer le matériau standard Ge2Sb2Te5, inadapté aux applications mémoires embarquées fonctionnant à hautes températures. Le comportement des matériaux binaires GeTe et GeSb a ainsi été évalué et comparé au matériau référence lors de la cristallisation de l'amorphe 'tel que déposé' mais aussi de l'amorphe 'fondu trempé'. En effet, il est important d'étudier le matériau dans son état amorphe 'fondu trempé' pour être au plus près de l'état du matériau cyclé dans les dispositifs. Ainsi, le mécanisme de cristallisation du GeTe déterminé par l'étude de la cristallisation de l'amorphe 'fondu trempé' par recuit laser est en accord avec l'observation MET in situ (recuit thermique) de la cristallisation. L'incorporation d'éléments 'dopants' dans ces matériaux binaires a également été évaluée afin d'augmenter à nouveau la stabilité thermique des matériaux non dopés. Certains éléments 'dopants' permettent une diminution du courant de reset, ou un retard à la formation de 'voids' au cours des cycles. / Phase Change Memories are suitable for the next generation of non volatiles memories due to high programmation speed and endurance. However, two major improvements need to be made in order to enter memories market, the short retention time at high temperature, and the important electric consumption. This thesis focuses on the development of new phase change materials to replace the reference material, Ge2Sb2Te5, insuitable for embedded memories applications working at high temperatures. The behavior of binary compounds GeTe and GeSb has been investigated and compared to the reference material during both the crystallization of the « as deposited » amorphous and the « melt quenched » amorphous materials. Indeeed it is important to study the « melt quenched » amorphous state of the material to be as close as possible to the cycled material in the devices. So, the crystallization mechanism of GeTe checked by the crystallization study of the amorphous « melt quenched » by laser annealing is in agreement with the in situ TEM observation (thermal annealing) of the crystallization. The addition of “doping” elements in the binary compounds has also been performed to improve the thermal stability of amorphous undoped materials. These “doping” elements allow a current reset decrease, or a later formation of « voids » during cycling.