I litteraturen råder det konsensus om att företag bör sträva efter att inkludera sina intressenter i flera delar av hållbarhetsarbetet, vilket kan göras genom olika strategier där deras roll och deltagande varierar. Studien betraktar Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) som en process bestående av fyra faser; läsa av omgivning, formulera strategi, implementera strategi och utvärdering. Huvudfrågan gäller hur företag engagerar intressenter i arbetet med hänsyn till vilken fas av processen som de befinner sig i. Kvalitativ data samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med hållbarhetsansvariga på fem företag. I studien framkom det att inkluderingen av intressenter är mer intensiv i den inledande och avslutande fasen av processen. Aktiviteter däremellan såsom skapande av mål och formulering av strategi görs främst internt, men baseras på arbetet från den inledande fasen. Val av strategi för inkludering beror mer på vilken intressent som företaget kommunicerar med än vilken fas i processen företaget befinner sig i.

Bakgrund Returer är en avgörande del inom e-handel och bidrar till ett företags framgång och konkurrenskraft. Däremot fokuserar svenska e-handelsföretag främst på flödet till kund och returhanteringsprocessen är för närvarande en underutnyttjad affärsmöjlighet. Genom en effektiv och välutvecklad returhanteringsprocess kan e-handelsföretag erhålla värde. Dock är synen på returer ofta kopplade till höga kostnader, vilket bidrar till att returhanteringsprocessen förblir underprioriterad. Inom tidigare forskning finns det begränsad litteratur avseende returhanteringsprocessen utifrån ett företagsperspektiv. Syfte Syftet med uppsatsen är således att, med utgångspunkt ur ett företagsperspektiv, undersöka värdeadderande aktiviteter och effektiviseringsmöjligheter inom returhanteringsprocesser främst utifrån tid och kostnad men även miljö. Det genom att studera svenska e-handelsföretags returhanteringsprocesser inom detaljhandeln. Metod Uppsatsen har ett kvalitativt forskningsangrepp där tio semistrukturerade intervjuer legat till grund för datainsamlingen. Dessutom har sekundärdata samlats kring e-handelsföretagen och deras returhanteringsprocesser, vilka har kompletterat primärdata. Uppsatsen har ett företagsperspektiv, vilket innebär att respondenterna är representanter från olika svenska e-handelsföretag inom detaljhandeln som besitter kunskap om e-handelsföretagens returhanteringsprocess. Slutsats Slutligen konkluderar uppsatsen att det finns tre olika returhanteringssystem, det vill säga manuellt, digitalt och hybrid. Valet av returhanteringssystem beror på vad e-handelsföretagen anser vara värdeadderande aktiviteter. Det manuella returhanteringssystemet fokuserar på att skapa en enkel returhanteringsprocess för kund, medan det digitala returhanteringssystemet värdesätter effektivitet. Dessutom påverkas beslutet av returhanteringssystem på e-handelsföretagets storlek och returvolym. För att erhålla en effektiv och värdeadderande process bör ett digitalt returhanteringssystem användas. Dessutom visar uppsatsen att samtliga e-handelsföretag i framtiden kommer behöva genomgå en transformering till mer digitala returhanteringssystem för att vara konkurrenskraftiga. / Background Returns are a crucial part of e-commerce and contributes to the company´s success and competitive edge. However, Swedish e-commerce companies mainly focus on the flow towards the customer and returns management is currently an underutilized business opportunity. Through an effective and well-developed returns management process the business can create greater value. Unfortunately, returns management is often overlooked as it perceives to entails higher costs. Additionally, there is a lack of literature regarding returns management from a business perspective. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the value adding activities and opportunities for improved efficiency within the returns management process mainly with regards to time and cost but also sustainability. This will be achieved by gathering data pertaining to specific research questions from e-commerce businesses’ returns management processes within the retail sector. Method This thesis has a qualitative approach where ten semi-structured interviews and secondary data comprise the basis for data collection. This thesis has a business perspective, which means that the respondents are representatives from different Swedish e-commerce businesses within the retail sector that possess knowledge about the e-commerce business’s returns management process. Conclusion In summary, this thesis shows that there are three different returns management systems, namely manual, digital and hybrid systems. The choice of returns management system depends on what the e-commerce business considers to be value adding. The manual returns management system focuses on creating a simple returns management process for the customer, whereas the digital returns management system values efficiency. Furthermore, the choice of returns management system also depends on the size of the e-commerce business and their volume of returns. In order to achieve a value adding and effective process a digital returns management system should be used. Lastly, this thesis indicates that every e-commerce business in the future will need to transform into a digital returns management system in order to remain competitive. This thesis is written in Swedish.

Bakgrund: Riskhantering handlar om att förebygga att risker uppstår inom ett företag. På grund av den föränderliga miljö som företag befinner sig i krävs en effektiv och integrerad riskhantering, varpå detta blivit särskilt avgörande vid hantering av kriser. Coronapandemin betraktas som en kris som inneburit ett förändrat konsumentbeteende, inte minst inom klädbranschen. På grund av det förändrade konsumentbeteendet har pandemin blivit en av de mest betydande förändringarna i modern marknadsföringshistoria där tidigare långsiktiga strategier blivit begränsade. Hur marknadsföringen fungerade tidigare, innan pandemin, har förändrats för att möta den nya verkligheten. I den alltmer föränderliga miljön som företagen befinner sig i kommer vikten av riskhantering öka i betydelse och det kommer bli mer betydelsefullt att kunna agera snabbt vid förändringar.  Syfte: Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om hur e-handelsföretag inom klädbranschen skapar en riskuppfattning inom strategisk marknadsföring. Vidare undersöks hur e-handelsföretag integrerar riskhantering i deras marknadsföringsstrategier för att underlätta vid eventuella kriser. Det genom att studera hur e-handelsföretag har uppfattat och hanterat coronapandemin. Metod: För att uppfylla vårt informationsbehov bestod studiens empiri av kvalitativ data i som samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med totalt 16 informanter. Urvalet bestod av personer som hade en beslutsfattande roll på företagets marknadsföringsavdelning. Intervjuerna baserades på en intervjuguide som grundades på studiens teoretiska referensram. Resultat: Informanterna beskrev att det råder en pågående diskussion angående interna och externa dimensioner samt tidsdimensionen för att identifiera eventuella risker. Samtidigt identifierar vi att företagen mer eller mindre arbetar med de fem olika stegen i riskhanteringsprocessen. Slutsatser: Vi kan dra slutsatsen att företagen använder sig av de tre subdimensionerna för att rama in företaget situation och bilda sig en riskuppfattning. Riskhanteringsprocessen används i stor utsträckning av företagen. Dock på ett mer ostrukturerat sätt än det linjära sättet som teorin förespråkar. Det är däremot få företag som genomför en kvalitativ riskanalys vidutvärdering av riskers sannolikhet och konsekvens. / Background: Risk management is about preventing risks from arising within a company. Due to the ever changing environment in which companies find themselves, efficient and integrated risk management has become particularly crucial. The coronavirus pandemic is seen as a crisis that has led to a change in consumer behavior, which affects the clothing industry. The changing consumer behavior has made the pandemic into one of the most significant changes in modern marketing history, where previous long-term marketing strategies have been limited and marketing has changed to meet the new reality. The importance of risk management will increase following the changing environment and acting more quickly in the event of changes will become more important.  Purpose: The purpose of the study is to contribute to knowledge about how e-commercecompanies in the clothing industry create a risk perception in strategic marketing.Furthermore, how a risk management process is integrated into companies' marketingstrategies to facilitate possible crises is also examined. This after studying how companieshave perceived and handled the corona pandemic. Methodology: To fulfill the purpose of the study, our empirical data consisted of qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews with a total of 16 informants. The sample consisted of people who had a decision-making role in the company's marketing team. The interviews were based on an interview guide which originated from the theoretical frame of reference.   Findings: All the informants described that discussions about the company's internal, external and temporal subdimensions were used to identify possible risks. All companies were using the five steps of the risk management process to a different extent. Conclusion: We can conclude that companies use the three sub-dimensions to frame the company's situation and form a risk perception. The risk management process is widely used by companies. However, it is used in a more unstructured way than the linear process that the theory advocates. It is a few companies that evaluate the probability and consequence of the risk using a qualitative risk analysis

Business Process Management, the object of this thesis, has still growing importance in the functioning of the organization, and has a positive impact on its success. In the view of a dynamic market environment, Business Process Management has an inherent importance in the strategic business development. When an organization decides to implement process control and manage its activities, it should be also able to measure its processes and evaluate them. This ability gives the organization the possibility to efficiently and effectively manage processes and identify shortcomings for creation of business strategy on a competitive market. This dissertation presents a new evaluation model of a process control in the production systems, which organizations can use as a guide for further development. This work brings a new perspective in the field of process control and its evaluation of the production systems. The main objective of this dissertation is to design the assessment of the process control levels in the production systems on the basis of theoretical research and practical experience. The proposed solution was then verified by field research in selected organizations.

The goal of this project is the identification with management, analysis and documentation of processes which are used in software development and creating prototype which support these processes. It explains why is important to create new working processes, measure their efficiency and improve them subsequently. Next, it describes the methods which help with the integration of these processes at work and, manage them, especially the Rational Unified Process from the IBM company. Then, I describe the ways how to develop www applications and, consequently, how to work with these applications. The thesis also involves the specification of the requirements and the scheme for the program support application of the process documentation and the description of this application. Another part of the thesis is the system in the active web side form serving to the utilization of a process library in the software projects developing.

I takt med e-handelns starka tillväxt så har även antalet returer ökat och e-handelsföretag kan ha upp till 50 % i returandel vilket kan medföra höga kostnader. Detta har inneburit att returhanteringen blivit en allt viktigare del för e-handelsföretag. Syftet med denna studie är att få en bättre förståelse för hur returhanteringen ser ut hos e-handelsföretag inom klädbranschen. Problemfrågorna berör vilka utmaningar står e-handlare inför idag och vilka aktiviteter kan de använda sig av för att överkomma dessa utmaningar men även hur stort fokus olika stora företag bör lägga på sina returaktiviteter. Studien baseras på en litteraturgenomgång samt en intervjustudie på fyra olika stora e-handelsföretag. De intervjuade företagen är olika stora och har ett olika stort fokus på sin e-handel. Denna studie visar på vad de olika e-handelsföretagen har för fokus på sina returaktiviteter och vad det kan leda till. Returhanteringen och dess utmaningar ser annorlunda ut för olika e-handelsföretag. För att överkomma de utmaningar som e-handelsföretag står inför är det viktigt att ha väl fungerande aktiviteter inom avoidance, gatekeeping och returpolicy som stöds av den operativa returhanteringsprocessen. För både stora och små företag är det viktigt att ha en hög medvetenhet men för mindre företag behöver det inte vara kostnadseffektivt att lägga ett allt för stort fokus på sina returaktiviteter. Syftet med returhantering är att skapa en balans mellan försäljning och kostnader. / In line with the strong growth of e-commerce, the number of returns has also increased and some e-retailers can have a return ratio of 50% which can cause high costs. Because of this, return management has become an increasingly important part of e-retailers. The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of how return management is performed by e-retailers in the apparel business. The problem questions in this study is about what challenges are e-retailers faced with and what activities can they use to respond to these challenges. This study is based on a literature review and the interview of four companies. The interviewed companies are different ones in size with a different focus on their e-commerce. This study shows how much the interviewed companies are focusing on their activities around returns and what the outcome can be. Return management and its challenges are different for different e-retailers. To overcome their challenges, it is important to have well-functioning activities within avoidance, gatekeeping and return policy that supports the operational returns management process. Regardless size on the companies it is important to achieve a high level of awareness, however, it does not need to be profitable for smaller companies to have a strong focus on their return activities as bigger ones. The purpose of return management is to create a balance between sales and cost.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-04-13T12:03:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 praticas_controladoria.pdf: 2208606 bytes, checksum: f64b30f47778334afd8fd68460ecef0b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-13T12:03:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 praticas_controladoria.pdf: 2208606 bytes, checksum: f64b30f47778334afd8fd68460ecef0b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Nenhuma / Esta pesquisa objetivou investigar as práticas de controladoria adotadas na gestão de Instituições Privadas de Ensino Superior (IPES) estabelecidas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Caracteriza-se como descritiva quanto aos objetivos e predominantemente quantitativa quanto à abordagem do problema. Também pode ser considerada qualitativa, uma vez que se realizou uma análise mais profunda em relação ao fenômeno estudado, destacando características não observadas por meio da abordagem quantitativa. A população do estudo é composta por todas as setenta e seis IPES com sede no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, e a amostra é representada por trinta e duas IPES (37% da população) cujos gestores responderam ao instrumento de pesquisa enviado. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário e o seu tratamento foi efetuado utilizando técnicas estatísticas de distribuição de freqüência, média, desvio-padrão e tabulações cruzadas para verificar a associação entre variáveis. Constatou-se que as práticas de controladoria mais utilizadas por gestores das IPES da amostra são o planejamento estratégico, o orçamento operacional e o fluxo de caixa. As menos utilizadas são o balanced scorecard (BSC) e business intelligence (BI). Algumas práticas de controladoria apresentam correlação significativa com o desempenho econômico-financeiro percebido pelos gestores, enquanto em outras essa correlação é leve. De modo geral, ficou confirmada a utilização de práticas de controladoria na gestão das IPES da amostra, o que também já havia sido observado em pesquisa realizada por Dittadi (2008) em IPES de Santa Catarina. / This research aimed to investigate the controllership practices adopted in managing Private Institutions of Higher Education (PIHE) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is descriptive concerning the objectives and predominantly quantitative in its approach to the problem. It can also be considered qualitative, as a deeper analysis was conducted in relation to the phenomenon examined, highlighting features not observed using the quantitative approach. The survey population consists of all seventy-six PIHE based in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and the sample is represented by thirty-two PIHE (37% of the population) whose managers responded to the survey sent. Data was collected by questionnaire and analysis was conducted using statistical techniques of frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation and cross-tabulation to determine the association between variables. It was found that the controllership practices most used by managers of the sample PIHE are strategic planning, operational budget and cash flow. The least used practices are balanced scorecard (BSC) and business intelligence (BI). Some controllership practices have a significant correlation with economic-financial performance as perceived by managers, while for others this correlation is low. In general, the research confirmed the use of controllership practices in management of the sample PIHE, which had also been observed in research by Dittadi (2008) in PIHE in Santa Catarina.

Configurable process models are integrated representations of multiple variants of a process model in a given domain, e.g. multiple variants of a shipment-to-delivery process in the logistics domain. Configurable process models provide a basis for managing variability and for enabling reuse of process models in Process-Aware Information Systems. Rather than designing process models from scratch, analysts can derive process models by configuring existing ones, thereby reusing proven practices. This thesis starts with the observation that existing approaches for capturing and managing configurable process models suffer from three shortcomings that affect their usability in practice. Firstly, configuration in existing approaches is performed manually and as such it is error-prone. In particular, analysts are left with the burden of ensuring the correctness of the individualized models. Secondly, existing approaches suffer from a lack of decision support for the selection of configuration alternatives. Consequently, stakeholders involved in the configuration of process models need to possess expertise both in the application domain and in the modeling language employed. This assumption represents an adoption obstacle in domains where users are unfamiliar with modeling notations. Finally, existing approaches for configurable process modeling are limited in scope to control-flow aspects, ignoring other equally important aspects of process models such as object flow and resource management. Following a design science research method, this thesis addresses the above shortcomings by proposing an integrated framework to manage the configuration of process models. The framework is grounded on three original and interrelated contributions: (i) a conceptual foundation for correctness-preserving configuration of process models; (ii) a questionnaire-driven approach for process model configuration, providing decision support and abstraction from modeling notations; (iii) a meta-model for configurable process models covering control-flow, data objects and resources. While the framework is language-independent, an embodiment of the framework in the context of a process modeling language used in practice is also developed in this thesis. The framework was formally defined and validated using four scenarios taken from different domains. Moreover, a comprehensive toolset was implemented to support the validation of the framework.

The aim of the thesis is to suggest a marketing strategy for a specific company, including the marketing plan in order to deal with possible changes resulting from the current situation. Strategic marketing process, which is based on the strategic management process consists of planning, implementation and control. On the basis of marketing situational analysis SWOT analysis was set up, marketing objectives were defined, strategies were formulated and a marketing plan was suggested. The implementation of a plan is a part of an implementation phase. Finally, the interim results were evaluated and possible changes were proposed, which should lead to the achievement of the planned outputs at the end of the period.

The subject of the thesis "The application of process for the management of production in the selected company (Banes Ltd.)" is an exploration and mapping of processes in the company Banes Ltd. occur. The first part covers the theoretical basis of the subject, particularly the definition of basic concepts of processes, quality and selection of technologies, systems and methods used by Banes Ltd. The second part is about describing the company Banes Ltd. The theoretical knowledge is applied in the analysis of the structure of processes, defining processes and their analysis in the company Banes Ltd. In the last section are applied statistical analyses of quality.