Global ETD Search

91	Applying the social cognitive and sociological models of stigma to student attitudes towards major depression and bipolar disorder Brans, Suzanne January 2009 (has links) The aims of the current research program were to examine the social-cognitive and sociological models of stigma in relation to student attitudes towards an individual experiencing a mood disorder. Two experiments (Studies 1 and 2) sought to empirically distinguish between controllability and responsibility, both constructs of the attribution model which is subsidiary to the social-cognitive model of stigma. Despite manipulating controllability, participants were reluctant to attribute controllability of cause to individuals experiencing depression or bipolar disorder. The stability of beliefs about the controllability of cause for condition onset was consistent with research suggesting that the Australian public increasingly conceptualise mental disorders in terms of biochemical and genetic causal factors. These findings, in combination with past research linking biogenetic beliefs to negative attitudes, resulted in a change in focus of investigation in Studies 3, 4, 5 and 6 to explain why, contrary to the prediction of the attribution model, biogenetic explanations of mental disorders are associated with the proliferation of stigma. To measure causal beliefs, the Causal Belief Inventory (CBI) was developed in Study 3 and refined in Study 4. The correlational results examined in Studies 4, 5 and 6 found that genetic and biochemical causal beliefs were associated with a number of positive attitudes towards individuals experiencing a mood disorder and that genetic cause was associated with a reduced implicit bias against major depression. Furthermore, each study pointed to the centrality of judgments of differentness in determining affective responses and direct and proxy measures of behaviour. In contrast, manipulation of genetic and psychosocial cause in Study 5 found that causal condition largely failed to impact upon student attitudes. Mediator analysis did, however, find that beliefs about the stability of the vignette actor's condition fully mediated the relationship between the negative influence of genetic cause on proxy helping behaviour. Manipulation of psychosocial, genetic and biochemical cause with the inclusion of a non-depressed control in Study 6 resulted in more ambiguous findings. The combination of findings from Studies 1 to 6 suggest that focusing on the impact of the controllability of cause of depression onset on student attitudes is unwarranted. Instead researchers and public health educators should be examining models which facilitate the examination of the cognitive factors that mediate these relationships. Two such models, namely the social-cognitive and sociological models of stigma, were found to adequately fit the data. Recommendations for integrating these two models of stigma are discussed. Depression, Mental -- Social aspects Manic-depressive illness Mental illness -- Social aspects Prejudices -- Psychological aspects Stigma (Social psychology) Students -- Attitudes Stigma Discrimination Mental disorders Prejudice
92	Explaining and predicting psychological problems : the joint importance of positive and negative constructs Siddaway, Andrew P. January 2017 (has links) Positive Clinical Psychology (PCP) argues that positive and negative psychological constructs are jointly important for explaining psychological problems. “Positive” constructs have been explicitly focused on by positive psychology researchers and “negative” constructs have been explicitly focused on by mental health researchers. This thesis examines the relationship between positive and negative constructs in relation to four psychological problems: depressive symptoms (Chapter 2), anxiety-problems (Chapter 3), suicide attempts (SAs) (Chapter 4 and 5), and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) (Chapter 4 and 5). Clarifying how psychological problems are most appropriately conceptualised has implications for definitions, diagnostic criteria, measurement, and clinical interventions. This thesis provides evidence that some constructs form bipolar continua, having a positive pole and a negative pole, whilst other constructs do not. Chapters 2 and 3 demonstrate that well-being and calmness respectively form continua with depressive and anxiety symptoms. In contrast, Chapters 4 and 5 demonstrate that SA and NSSI cognitions do not form a continuum with another construct. Results indicate that positive and negative constructs appear to have different relationships to one-another depending on the construct under investigation. Constructs that are common in the general population – such as depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, well-being symptoms, and calmness symptoms – appear to be bipolar, having a positive and a negative pole. Psychological constructs that are rare in the general population and which specifically characterise psychological problems (rather than being an extreme manifestation of a common psychological experience) – such as SA and NSSI cognitions – appear to be unipolar. The replication of scientific findings also features strongly throughout this thesis. Each chapter may therefore have a timely bearing on the emerging “replication crisis” literature.
93	Guidelines for psychiatric nurses to assist in the care of female patients with bipolar disorder during their admission and stay in a tertiary level psychiatric facility in the Eastern Cape, South Africa Du Plessis, Anneki January 2015 (has links) Bipolar disorder is the sixth leading cause of disability in the world among people aged 15-44. Bipolar disorder is a chronic psychiatric disorder with a significant impact on patients’ social, occupational, and general functioning well-being. Patients who are diagnosed with bipolar type 1 disorder are usually admitted to a psychiatric hospital as an involuntary patient which means that they will be cared for in a closed unit. In a critical analysis of the literature it was noted that not much is known of the experiences of patients in psychiatric wards. The researcher used a qualitative approach, with a phenomenological research strategy. An explorative, descriptive and contextual design was utilized to gain more insight into female patients’ lived experiences during their admission and stay in a tertiary level psychiatric institution. The research population was female patients who were diagnosed with bipolar disorder and who had recently experienced being admitted to and treated at a tertiary level psychiatric facility where they were treated for this condition. Purposive sampling was utilised to obtain the sample for the study. A pilot study was conducted before the study commenced to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings. The researcher obtained the data via semi-structured interviews as well as field notes and reflective journals. Data was analysed by using Tesch’s method as adopted by Creswell. Once the data had been analysed, a literature control was done in accordance with the findings. Guba’s model of trustworthiness was utilized to ensure that this study was trustworthy and credible. The researcher implemented ethical principles to ensure that no harm was done to the participants during the research study. Finally, guidelines were developed to assist professional nurses to manage patients optimally during their admission and stay in a closed unit of a tertiary psychiatric facility.
94	Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on rodent models of bipolar disorder and alcoholism Case, Natalie J. 20 July 2010 (has links) Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Our laboratory has previously identified the clock gene D-box Binding Protein (DBP) as a candidate gene for bipolar disorder and alcoholism using a Convergent Functional Genomics (CFG) approach. In subsequent work, we established mice with a homozygous deletion of DBP as a stress-reactive genetic animal model of bipolar disorder and co-morbid alcoholism. In the present study, we found that the omega-3 fatty acid, DHA, may have mood stabilizing capabilities in stressed DBP knockout mice, and reduces alcohol consumption in these mice as well as in the alcohol preferring (P) rats. Given their potential health benefits and their relative lack of negative side-effects, omega-3 fatty acids may become an important supplement for bipolar patients and co-morbid alcoholics, a potential that warrants continued research. Alcoholism -- Research Manic-depressive illness -- Research Omega-3 fatty acids -- Research
95	The International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen): An Initiative by the NIMH and IGSLI to Study the Genetic Basis of Response to Lithium Treatment Schulze, Thomas G., Alda, Martin, Adli, Mazda, Akula, Nirmala, Ardau, Raffaella, Bui, Elise T., Chillotti, Caterina, Cichon, Sven, Czerski, Piotr, Del Zompo, Maria, Detera-Wadleigh, Sevilla D., Grof, Paul, Gruber, Oliver, Hashimoto, Ryota, Hauser, Joanna, Hoban, Rebecca, Iwata, Nakao, Kassem, Layla, Kato, Tadafumi, Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, Kliwicki, Sebastian, Kelsoe, John R., Kusumi, Ichiro, Laje, Gonzalo, Leckband, Susan G., Manchia, Mirko, MacQueen, Glenda, Masui, Takuya, Ozaki, Norio, Perlis, Roy H., Pfennig, Andrea, Piccardi, Paola, Richardson, Sara, Rouleau, Guy, Reif, Andreas, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sasse, Johanna, Schumacher, Johannes, Severino, Giovanni, Smoller, Jordan W., Squassina, Alessio, Turecki, Gustavo, Young, L. Trevor, Yoshikawa, Takeo, Bauer, Michael, McMahon, Francis J. 20 February 2014 (has links) (PDF) For more than half a decade, lithium has been successfully used to treat bipolar disorder. Worldwide, it is considered the first-line mood stabilizer. Apart from its proven antimanic and prophylactic effects, considerable evidence also suggests an antisuicidal effect in affective disorders. Lithium is also effectively used to augment antidepressant drugs in the treatment of refractory major depressive episodes and prevent relapses in recurrent unipolar depression. In contrast to many psychiatric drugs, lithium has outlasted various pharmacotherapeutic ‘fashions’, and remains an indispensable element in contemporary psychopharmacology. Nevertheless, data from pharmacogenetic studies of lithium are comparatively sparse, and these studies are generally characterized by small sample sizes and varying definitions of response. Here, we present an international effort to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of lithium response in bipolar disorder. Following an initiative by the International Group for the Study of Lithium-Treated Patients (www.IGSLI.org) and the Unit on the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders at the National Institute of Mental Health,lithium researchers from around the world have formed the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (www.ConLiGen.org) to establish the largest sample to date for genome-wide studies of lithium response in bipolar disorder, currently comprising more than 1,200 patients characterized for response to lithium treatment. A stringent phenotype definition of response is one of the hallmarks of this collaboration. ConLiGen invites all lithium researchers to join its efforts. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. manisch-depressive Erkrankung bipolare Störung Schizoaffektive Störung Stimmungsstabilisierer Phasenprophylaktikum Antidepressiva Suizidalität genomweite Assoziationsstudie Neurogenese Neuronale Plastizität Manic-depressive illness Schizoaffective disorder Mood stabilizer Antidepressants Suicidal behaviour Genome-wide association study Neurogenesis Neuroplasticity ddc:610 ddc:150 rvk:XA 10000 rvk:CL 1000
96	The object relations of individuals who misuse alcohol and have co-morbid depressive or bipolar disorders and/or personality disorders Erasmus, Maeve Sophia 03 1900 (has links) This study explored the Object Relations of a sample of 45 subjects who were using alcohol and were diagnosed with co-morbid Depressive or Bipolar disorders and/or Personality disorders. All subjects were receiving treatment at a government psychiatric hospital in South Africa. The similarities and differences in the Object Relations of these individuals were identified. A biographical questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorder Test (AUDIT), which was used as a screening measure, and the Bells Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI) were administered to obtain information from a purposive sample. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the results of the assessment measures. Analysis of the BORRTI data indicated a high rate of depressive and personality disorders within this sample. Results of the sub-sample (n=29) whose scores were included in the Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient analysis indicate that higher levels of alcohol consumption result in increased levels of hallucinations and delusions. Other correlations were identified between high levels of alcohol consumption and heightened levels of reality distortions and more uncertainty in the perceptions of these individuals. Significant differences in the scores of the male and female participants were identified. With the female participants, the higher the level of alcohol consumption, the lower the individuals scored in terms of pathological levels of egocentricity, uncertain perceptions, insecure attachments, alienation, social incompetence as well as hallucinations and delusions. Alternatively, in the male sample, higher levels of alcohol consumption result in increased hallucinations and delusions, reality distortions, uncertainty in perceptions, alienation, social incompetence and egocentricity. / Psychology / M.A. (Research Psychology) Addiction Alcohol abuse Alcohol use Alcohol misuse Bipolar disorders Mood disorders Object relations theory Personality disorders Psychodynamic therapy 616.895 Alcoholism -- Treatment Alcoholism -- Patients Alcoholism and mental illness Manic-depressive illness Mental illness -- Treatment
97	Att vara eller inte vara en drömtjej : En kvalitativ analys av filmtropen Manic Pixie Dream Girls egenskaper i en spelkontext. / To be or not to be a Dream Girl : A qualitative analysis of the film trope Manic Pixie Dream Girl’s attributes in a video game context. Tufvesson, Alexandra January 2024 (has links) This paper is a qualitative study of signs and associations that seemingly communicate the influence of film tropes on female character design in video games. It analyzes and correlates the visual attributes and characteristics of the League of Legends character Zeri with the traditional attributes and trends of the Manic Pixie Dream Girl (MPDG) film trope, and applies theories within women’s representation and gender to examine the results. The findings suggest that Zeris design and description communicates the traditional characteristics of the MPDG such as quirky, energetic, nostalgic, retro, cute and “twee” and that several of these attributes may reflect an idealized portrayal of the female character rooted in fictive stereotypes. Furthermore the paper highlights the complex interaction between design elements and their ability to communicate (possibly unintended) concepts, and the concepts ability to transcend media formats. This paper includes a design documentation after page 25 called "Kalasklister i Djurparken", which is the second part of the final exam project(s) at the Visual Communication program at Malmö University. "Kalasklister i Djurparken" is an image bank that aims to update the marketing of Helsingborg's djur- och lekpark (zoo and playground) in order to appeal more to children. League of Legends games computer games video games media character design splash art character tropes character types stereotypes film tropes Manic Pixie Dream Girl MPDG representation gender gender representation women’s representation Male Gaze visual communication qualitative method image analysis marketing stickers visual design design illustration image bank zoo League of Legends spel dataspel TV-spel media karaktärsdesign splash art karaktärstroper karaktärstyper stereotyper filmtroper Manic Pixie Dream Girl MPDG representation genus genusrepresentation könsrepresentation kvinnorepresentation Male Gaze visuell kommunikation kvalitativ metod bildanalys marknadsföring klistermärken visuell design design illustration bildbank djurpark Design Design Cultural Studies Kulturstudier Studies on Film Filmvetenskap Visual Arts Bildkonst
98	Winston Churchill’s ‘Black Dog’: a psychobiographical case study for depressive realism Human, Samantha 01 1900 (has links) Text in English / This qualitative psychobiographical study sets out to explore and describe the life of Sir Winston Churchill within the context of his lifelong experience with depression, his ‘Black Dog’. The aim of the research is to present a case for depressive realism with Churchill as the single case study. The reconstruction of Churchill’s life as a psychological narrative is contextualised within the theoretical framework of Alfred Adler’s Theory of Individual Psychology. Data was collated via biographical and life history material. Data was analysed by means of thematic analysis. Data trustworthiness and ethical considerations were adhered to. The findings of this study reveal that Churchill’s depression had positive gains of him striving to contribute to society, potentially demonstrating that depressive realism exists as a side-effect of depression. The significance of which, conceivably substantiates the idea that positive aspects of depression do exist, enabling a potentially more encouraging and constructive outlook for individuals suffering from depression. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology) Alfred Adler Case study research Depression Depressive realism Individual psychology Psychobiography Single case study Sir Winston Churchill 616.8527092 Depression, Mental -- Case studies Manic-depressive illness Adler, Alfred, 1870-1937 Adlerian psychology Depressed persons -- Biography
99	Winston Churchill’s ‘Black Dog’: a psychobiographical case study for depressive realism Human, Samantha 01 1900 (has links) Text in English / This qualitative psychobiographical study sets out to explore and describe the life of Sir Winston Churchill within the context of his lifelong experience with depression, his ‘Black Dog’. The aim of the research is to present a case for depressive realism with Churchill as the single case study. The reconstruction of Churchill’s life as a psychological narrative is contextualised within the theoretical framework of Alfred Adler’s Theory of Individual Psychology. Data was collated via biographical and life history material. Data was analysed by means of thematic analysis. Data trustworthiness and ethical considerations were adhered to. The findings of this study reveal that Churchill’s depression had positive gains of him striving to contribute to society, potentially demonstrating that depressive realism exists as a side-effect of depression. The significance of which, conceivably substantiates the idea that positive aspects of depression do exist, enabling a potentially more encouraging and constructive outlook for individuals suffering from depression. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology) Alfred Adler Case study research Depression Depressive realism Individual psychology Psychobiography Single case study Sir Winston Churchill 616.8527092 Depression, Mental -- Case studies Manic-depressive illness Adler, Alfred, 1870-1937 Adlerian psychology Depressed persons -- Biography
100	The International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen): An Initiative by the NIMH and IGSLI to Study the Genetic Basis of Response to Lithium Treatment Schulze, Thomas G., Alda, Martin, Adli, Mazda, Akula, Nirmala, Ardau, Raffaella, Bui, Elise T., Chillotti, Caterina, Cichon, Sven, Czerski, Piotr, Del Zompo, Maria, Detera-Wadleigh, Sevilla D., Grof, Paul, Gruber, Oliver, Hashimoto, Ryota, Hauser, Joanna, Hoban, Rebecca, Iwata, Nakao, Kassem, Layla, Kato, Tadafumi, Kittel-Schneider, Sarah, Kliwicki, Sebastian, Kelsoe, John R., Kusumi, Ichiro, Laje, Gonzalo, Leckband, Susan G., Manchia, Mirko, MacQueen, Glenda, Masui, Takuya, Ozaki, Norio, Perlis, Roy H., Pfennig, Andrea, Piccardi, Paola, Richardson, Sara, Rouleau, Guy, Reif, Andreas, Rybakowski, Janusz K., Sasse, Johanna, Schumacher, Johannes, Severino, Giovanni, Smoller, Jordan W., Squassina, Alessio, Turecki, Gustavo, Young, L. Trevor, Yoshikawa, Takeo, Bauer, Michael, McMahon, Francis J. January 2010 (has links) For more than half a decade, lithium has been successfully used to treat bipolar disorder. Worldwide, it is considered the first-line mood stabilizer. Apart from its proven antimanic and prophylactic effects, considerable evidence also suggests an antisuicidal effect in affective disorders. Lithium is also effectively used to augment antidepressant drugs in the treatment of refractory major depressive episodes and prevent relapses in recurrent unipolar depression. In contrast to many psychiatric drugs, lithium has outlasted various pharmacotherapeutic ‘fashions’, and remains an indispensable element in contemporary psychopharmacology. Nevertheless, data from pharmacogenetic studies of lithium are comparatively sparse, and these studies are generally characterized by small sample sizes and varying definitions of response. Here, we present an international effort to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of lithium response in bipolar disorder. Following an initiative by the International Group for the Study of Lithium-Treated Patients (www.IGSLI.org) and the Unit on the Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders at the National Institute of Mental Health,lithium researchers from around the world have formed the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (www.ConLiGen.org) to establish the largest sample to date for genome-wide studies of lithium response in bipolar disorder, currently comprising more than 1,200 patients characterized for response to lithium treatment. A stringent phenotype definition of response is one of the hallmarks of this collaboration. ConLiGen invites all lithium researchers to join its efforts. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/610 ddc:610 info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/150 ddc:150

Search results