Die Dissertation hat eine umfassende Betrachtung der aktuellen urheberrechtlichen Probleme des Tonträgersamplings zum Ziel. Sie teilt sich in einen zivil- und einen strafrechtlichen Teil. Der zivilrechtliche Teil der Untersuchung zeigt, inwieweit durch unautorisiertes Tonträgersampling die Vervielfältigungsrechte des Urhebers, des Interpreten sowie des Tonträgerherstellers verletzt werden können. Im Bereich der Rechte des Urhebers liegen die Schwerpunkte der Bearbeitung in der Frage der Schutzfähigkeit von Werkteilen, in der Anwendung der Regelung zur freien Benutzung gemäß § 24 Abs. 1 UrhG sowie in der Erörterung der für das Sampling relevanten urheberrechtlichen Schranken, insbesondere des Zitatrechts. Im Bereich der Rechte des Tonträgerherstellers sowie des ausübenden Künstlers werden schwerpunktmäßig die Schutzfähigkeit von Teilen der jeweiligen Leistung behandelt sowie die Frage einer möglichen analogen Anwendung der Regelung zur freien Benutzung gemäß § 24 Abs. 2 UrhG erörtert. Hierbei wird ein Überblick über die in der Lehre und der Rechtsprechung vertretenen Ansichten gegeben und ausführlich auf das zum Fall „Metall auf Metall“ im Jahr 2016 ergangene Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts eingegangen. Der strafrechtliche Teil der Arbeit fragt danach, inwieweit unautorisiertes Sampling auch strafrechtliche Folgen haben kann. Schwerpunkte des strafrechtlichen Teils bilden die Erörterung der für das Sampling relevanten Straftatbestände des UrhG sowie die Behandlung der für das Sampling relevanten Irrtumskonstellationen nach der Irrtumsdogmatik des Strafgesetzbuches. / The purpose of this dissertation is to conduct a comprehensive investigation into current copyright issues associated with the sampling of audio recordings. The study is divided into two sections, one dealing with civil law and the other with criminal law. The section dedicated to civil law seeks to demonstrate to what extent unauthorised sound recording sampling represents a violation of the reproduction rights of the creator, the practising musical artist and the sound recording manufacturer. In terms of the rights of the creator, the main focus of the processing lies in the question of the protectability of work pieces used, the application of regulations determining free use pursuant to Section 24 paragraph 1 of the German Copyright Law, and the consideration of copyright limitations relevant to the sampling process, in particular quotation rights. In terms of the rights of the sound recording manufacturer as well as those of the practising artist, principal considerations are the protectability of parts of the respective performance and the question of a possible analogous application of regulations determining free use pursuant to Section 24 paragraph 2 of the German Copyright Law. In this regard, an overview of the views held in academia and jurisprudence will be provided as well as an extensive analysis of the judgment reached by the Bundesverfassungsgericht (German Federal Constitutional Court) in the 2016 case of “Metall auf Metall” (“Metal on Metal”). The section on criminal law addresses the question as to what extent sampling may result in penal consequences. The focus of the section on criminal law comprises the discussion of the respective copyright offences relevant to sampling, as well as the handling of the respective error framework relevant to sampling and pursuant to the doctrine of error in the German Criminal Code.

<p>The 21st century would be a nightmare for Don Quijote: thousands of windmills are installed all over the globe and the number will increase tremendously over the next years. If climate change was an issue in the early 17th century, Don Quijote might have specialized in fighting nuclear or fossil fuel power plants.</p><p>The change in power production is clearly pronounced, and it inspires the market to respond immediately. Numerous wind turbine manufacturers emerge, developing one technological innovation after another. The trend clearly goes in one direction: horizontal axis wind turbines in all possible variations. However, there are a few companies that do not follow the mainstream – they swim against the current and introduce new concepts, with the potential to set new standards in the industry.</p><p>Nevertheless, the question whether these companies can establish operations and survive in an industry dominated by large multinational corporations arises. If these companies want to become recognized, they need to compete on an international scale from the outset – they become born globals.</p><p>This master’s thesis investigates the preconditions under which an innovative start-up company can become born global in the wind turbine industry. For that, distinctive resources and capabilities of such companies, as well as key success factors for the industry are defined. Furthermore, enhancing or restricting parameters lying within company’s environment – in particular, within its networks – are discovered. These findings are based on and supported by the case study of an innovative vertical axis wind turbine manufacturer. In addition, the influence of this company’s university spin-off origin is investigated.</p>

半導體光電元件普及於各式各樣的電子設備與產品中，可說是支持現代工業社會迅速發展的基礎，因此半導體產業一直是相當引人注目之行業。一般而言，企業要尋求及建立相對優勢，以保有相對之競爭優勢，其可茲運用之策略眾多，價格差異化、強化本身與顧客之關係、發展品牌、提升顧客滿意度，均是可使用之方式。對半導體設備商來說，除了價格、品牌策略外，本研究認為顧客關係管理對於半導體設備商來說，是相當重要的一項議題，半導體光電設備供應商的供應鏈必須具有高回應性才能滿足客戶需要。透過個案研究，本研究系探討半導體光電設備商顧客關係管理之面向與策略，以及顧客關係管理對半導體光電設備商之影響。研究發現，透過顧客關係管理，半導體光電設備商得以在提升顧客價值、客製化顧客需求、降低顧客成本、模組化顧客溝通模式的目標下，利用整合顧客知識、建置顧客管理平台、建立顧客認同、以及公司高階管理者涉入的策略下，得以降低公司在取得新顧客時所需的成本，同時提高既有顧客忠誠度、提升產品競爭力、並提高銷售績效。 / Semiconductor industry is still a promising business in high technology, and the companies in this field have to seek and construct their strength and superiorities to retain the competitiveness. In the light of the distinct tactics of business, customer relationship management is quite an important issue for semiconductor equipment manufacturers besides price and brand image strategies. For the supply chains of semiconductor equipment manufacturers, only the high responsiveness of customer can bring the high satisfactions of customer. The purpose of study hence is to discuss the dimensions and the tactics of customer relationship management of semiconductor equipment manufacturers, and the effect of customer relationship management to the development of semiconductor equipment manufacturers through case study. As the results, semiconductor equipment manufacturers can improve their product competitiveness, customer loyalty, and the cost of getting new possible customers via the tactics of customer knowledge integration, the customer identities, customer management platform, and the involvement of high level manager under the multiple feasible targets.

Le développement exponentiel de la technologie et le vieillissement de la population permettent d’introduire dans notre quotidien les robots d’assistance. La coexistence de l’homme avec ces robots intelligents et autonomes soulève une question fondamentale: dans l’éventualité où un robot provoquerait un accident causant un dommage à une personne ou à un bien qui serait le responsable? Aucune loi ne réglemente les activités de la robotique d’assistance dans le monde. Cette étude vise l’analyse de l’applicabilité des régimes de responsabilité du Code Civil du Québec aux cas de dommages causés par le robot d’assistance. L’analyse des régimes de responsabilité du Code civil du Québec permet de constater que deux régimes de responsabilité sont susceptibles d’être appliqués aux cas spécifiques de dommages causés par le robot d’assistance: le régime de responsabilité du fait des biens, énoncé à l’article 1465 C.c.Q., et le régime de responsabilité du fait des fabricants et vendeurs spécialisés, énoncé à l’article 1468 C.c.Q. Cela s’explique par la présence de critères et de conditions de mise en œuvre des régimes qui sont transposables aux différents aspects concernant la fabrication et l’utilisation du robot d’assistance. / The exponential development of technology and the aging of the population foster the introduction of assistive robots in our daily life. The coexistence of man with these intelligent and autonomous robots raises a fundamental question: in the event that a robot would cause an accident bringing about injury to a person or to property, who would be responsible? No law regulates the activities of assistive robotics in the world. This study aims at analysing the applicability of the Civil Code of Quebec liability regimes to cases of damages caused by assistive robots. The analysis of the liability regimes existing in the Civil Code of Quebec shows that two systems of liability may be applied to the specific cases of damages caused by assistive robots: the regime of liability for property enunciated in Article 1465 of the C.C.Q., and the regime of liability for manufacturers and specialized sellers contained in Article 1468 of the C.C.Q. This is due to the presence of criteria and conditions of implementation of the regimes that are transferable to the different aspects of manufacture and use of assistive robots.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Akyama Florencio.pdf: 1407905 bytes, checksum: f657e97f73132744bca538a5e76036aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-22 / The objective of this work is to describe potential and limits of a product liability for trademark owner and licensor. Research starts with exposure of business history and formation of consumer society in order to contextualize the consumer law and product liability. It examined the evolution of doctrine of product liability and implied warranties that served as a reference to Directive 85/374/EEC and liability set out in Consumer Protection Code of Brazil. Remains on investigate a trademark law. This reaches conclusion trademark owner is liable by products based by reasoning in profit, increasing its goodwill in their capacity to withstand the damages distributions in the price, in fact that is more accessible to consumers, and ensuring product quality in case of problems that compromise the intended purpose / O objetivo deste trabalho é delinear as potencialidades e os limites de uma responsabilidade pelo produto do titular da marca ou quem com ele se assimile. Inicia-se a pesquisa pela exposição da evolução da organização dos meios de produção e da formação da sociedade consumo de forma contextualizar o direito do consumidor e a responsabilidade pelo produto. Em seguida explora-se o conhecimento do direito do consumidor, da consolidação da doutrina do strict product liability e das implied warranties como modelos jurídicos que serviram de referência para a Diretiva da CEE 85/374 e para o sistema de responsabilidade previsto no nosso Código de Defesa do Consumidor. Continua-se a exposição da evolução da organização dos meios de produção, com o objetivo de evidenciar a marca e em seguida investigar a doutrina jurídica marcária. Percorrido esse caminho científica alcança-se a conclusão de que o proprietário da marca ou quem com ele se assimile responde pelos produtos em raciocínio lastreado no proveito econômico tirado por este sujeito quando a marca lhe valoriza o seu estabelecimento comercial por meio do aumento do seu goodwill, na sua condição econômica de suportar a dano, de diluí-lo no preço, no fato de que é o sujeito mais acessível ao consumidor no caso de danos e porque se enquadra no conceito de fornecedor e integra a cadeia de fornecimento, no caso de problemas que comprometem a finalidade do produto ou lhe diminua o seu valor

Situé en plein cœur de Paris, le Sentier reconnu depuis la seconde moitié du XXe siècle comme le centre le plus actif du commerce international des tissus, s’est construit dans la continuité d’un ‘’Sentier ancien ‘’ qui trouve ses origines dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle. En nous appuyant sur les Almanachs du Commerce de Paris pour reconstruire l’infrastructure économique de cet espace, nous avons pu mettre en évidence les caractéristiques de cet ensemble originaire et plus particulièrement la croissante centralité du quartier Montmartre dans le commerce des tissus. Placé à la lisière des grands boulevards et des lieux de la « nouvelle modernité » parisienne, ce quartier était le véritable noyau central du commerce des tissus en gros, animé par un négoce important et solidement implanté dans les rues du Sentier, Saint-Fiacre et des Jeûneurs. Il s’agit prioritairement, au début du siècle, du commerce des articles de toiles de coton et des châles, rejoints à partir des années 1830, par la vente de dentelles, de tissus mérinos et de tissus de nouveautés.Dans notre recherche pour saisir l’ensemble des éléments à l’œuvre dans la construction identitaire de cet espace original, l’exploitation de diverses sources, telles que les sources cadastrales, la composition des listes électorales ou les archives notariales, nous ont permis de restituer une image précise de ces dynamiques, de dégager l’importance de cette sphère professionnelle et ses multiples conséquences sur l’espace physique et social de ce quartier. / Located in the very heart of Paris, the SENTIER which prevails in the second half of the 19th century as the most active center of the business of international trade of fabrics, built itself in the continuity of a " former SENTIER " which has its origins in the first half of the 19th century. Relying on the Almanachs of the Trade of Paris to reconstruct the economic infrastructure of this space, we were able to highlight the characteristics of this first socio-economic group and the increasing centrality of the Montmartre neighborhood in the trade of fabrics. Located at the edge of the places of the "new Parisian modernity ", this district became the central point of the wholesale fabrics trade, led by an important trade firmly established in the streets of the Sentier, Saint Fiacre and Jeuneurs. It mainly concerns, at the beginning of the century, the trade of articles of cotton cloths and shawls, joined from 1830s, by the sale of laces, merino fabrics and fashionable fabrics. In our search to seize all the elements in action in the identity construction of this original space, the exploitation of diverse sources, such as the cadastral sources, the composition of electoral rolls or the notarial archives, allowed us to restore a precise image of these dynamics to express the importance of this professional sphere and its multiple consequences on the physical and social space of this district.

Jag har under detta arbete undersökt hur företaget MAD ELF ART kan arbeta med miljö och sociala aspekter i produktionen. Min uppgift har varit att lokalisera en materialleverantör och producent som kan arbeta med detta på bästa sätt.Under arbetets gång har jag kontaktat flera materialleverantörer och producenter och undersökt hur de jobbar med dessa aspekter. Samtidigt har jag även fördjupat mig i hur man kan ta hänsyn till miljö och sociala aspekter i produktionen, för att undersöka hur vi bäst kan arbeta med det.Vad jag kommit fram till är att materialvalet är det viktigaste och det som skiljer en produkt från att vara en miljöbov och en fara för människor till miljövänlig. Därför har jag i bilagan presenterat en leverantör och producent av materialet 100% silke som är ekologiskt färgad och handvävd. Silke lämnar inget energi-fotavtryck och går att återvinna. Jag tror och hoppas att framtiden kommer handla om att producera alltmer ekologiskt och samtidigt ta vara på det vi har istället för att producera nytt, detta genom ett återvinningssystem för textilier. Utvecklingen hos stora företag pekar även på att det i framtiden kommer att vara en självklarhet att ha uppförandekoder på fabriker och jobba med CSR. Därför är även det viktigt för MAD ELF ART.I have looked into how MAD ELF ART can work with environmental and social aspects during production. My assignment has been to find a materialsupplier and manufacturer who can work with this in the best way possible.During this work I have contacted several materialsuppliers and manufacturers and examined how they work with these aspects. At the same time I have also looked into how we can deal with social and environmental aspects to find the best way for us to work with this.I have come to the conclusion that the choice of material is the most important and what differs a product from being a danger for the environment and human beings to a environmental friend. Because of that I will present a materialsupplier and manufacturer who can provide the material 100% silk wich is organically dyed and handwoven. Silk leaves no energy-footprint and is recycable. I believe that the future will have more focus on the environment and that we will work with more ecologic materials and instead of producing new products, we will recycle what we have through a recyclingsystem for textiles. The development of big companies also points in the direcetion that it will be natural for all companies to have a Code of conduct and work with Corporal Social Responsility. / Program: Textil produktutveckling med entreprenörs- och affärsinriktning

近年來， 台灣在經濟結構的巨幅轉型下，已喪失了原有比較優勢的國際 競爭力。 在政府及民間企業大聲呼籲產業升級下，自創國際品牌成了此 聲浪下頗受矚目的一種作法， 然而觀諸過去企業界對自創品牌的投資及 努力，發現企業追求自創品牌卻導致不盡相同的結果。 因此，本研究嘗 試以個別產業的觀點，深入探討台灣自行車廠商從原廠委託製造 (OEM) 到自創品牌的決策過程， 並假定產品的某些特性應對品牌化決策有所影 響，且進行驗證。 研究過程中實地訪談了十家業績優良的自行車成車及 零件業者，以做進一步的命題發展，研究的問題包括： 1.原廠委託製造( OEM) 對自行車成車廠及零件廠在自創品牌中所扮演的角色為何？ 2.品牌 化過程中，品牌角色的演變。 3.成車廠、零件廠的品牌決策過程是否相 同？ 4.成車廠、零件廠雙方在自創品牌過程中的互動關係？ 5.自創品牌 產品的相關品牌策略？而根據個案訪談及分析後，本研究依研究發現提出 的結論為： 1.自行車業在國際自創品牌上的優異表現來自規模經濟的充 分運用 2.企業階段性靈活運用ＯＥＭ策略，將有助於自創品牌發展 3.企 業妥善規劃品牌化過程之資源配置，有助於成功自創品牌 4.利基市場的 選擇是企業自創品牌的致勝之道 5.聯結衛星體系間之價值鏈，將有助企 業自創品牌之成功 6.企業應審慎評估產業發展程度及產品特性以決定最 適品牌化程度

The 21st century would be a nightmare for Don Quijote: thousands of windmills are installed all over the globe and the number will increase tremendously over the next years. If climate change was an issue in the early 17th century, Don Quijote might have specialized in fighting nuclear or fossil fuel power plants. The change in power production is clearly pronounced, and it inspires the market to respond immediately. Numerous wind turbine manufacturers emerge, developing one technological innovation after another. The trend clearly goes in one direction: horizontal axis wind turbines in all possible variations. However, there are a few companies that do not follow the mainstream – they swim against the current and introduce new concepts, with the potential to set new standards in the industry. Nevertheless, the question whether these companies can establish operations and survive in an industry dominated by large multinational corporations arises. If these companies want to become recognized, they need to compete on an international scale from the outset – they become born globals. This master’s thesis investigates the preconditions under which an innovative start-up company can become born global in the wind turbine industry. For that, distinctive resources and capabilities of such companies, as well as key success factors for the industry are defined. Furthermore, enhancing or restricting parameters lying within company’s environment – in particular, within its networks – are discovered. These findings are based on and supported by the case study of an innovative vertical axis wind turbine manufacturer. In addition, the influence of this company’s university spin-off origin is investigated.

台灣許多大型企業，過去都是靠國外客戶之OEM訂單起家，雖有部分廠商後來成功走向自有品牌路線，但目前仍有很多代工廠商的主要業務是接OEM/ODM訂單，近年來，許多顧客開始推動減少供應商數，代工條件或合作關係較差的代工廠商逐漸被淘汰。以往有不少對顧客關係管理(CRM)的相關文獻，但談的多數是一般企業或品牌商對大眾客戶(B2C)的顧客關係管理議題。關鍵顧客管理的相關研究雖然已經發展40年，但過去的研究多數是觀察國外廠商或屬較大型廠商的關鍵顧客管理。目前國內代工廠商或工業行銷的關鍵顧客管理之相關文獻有限，針對中小型代工產業的研究更是少之又少。根據資策會2011年的研究報告，台灣中小企業家數約為123萬5千家，佔總體企業家數的97.7%。台灣中小企業也是台灣經濟發展的主力。因此本研究著重在探討顧客之間可能存在利益衝突的國內屬較中型代工廠商如何實施其B2B關鍵顧客管理，另外也會探討影響關鍵顧客管理的相關因素。 本研究透過質化個案研究方法去深入訪談一家辦公室電子設備的代工廠，從訪談結果和過去文獻中找出關鍵顧客管理的方法架構和相關理論。而影響關鍵顧客管理的因素可以被歸納為顧客型態、海外擴展策略、競爭優勢和產品生命週期。歸納分析結果後本研究做出以下論述：(一)代工廠商的關鍵顧客之認定方法以營業額為主，其次才考量利潤、(二)關鍵顧客的移轉成本、對關係的承諾和目標的一致性影響代工廠商經營關鍵顧客的策略、(三)代工廠商的競爭優勢影響其對關鍵顧客的議價能力、(四)顧客大小及議價能力能使代工廠商對其關鍵顧客管理上做組織等變化、(五)代工廠商的海外發展策略主要以已開發國家但會以產品差異化避免與關鍵顧客之間發生直接性競爭或衝突、(六) 各種型態顧客在產品生命週期的不同階段其關鍵顧客管理上有所不同。 本研究根據分析結果、實務觀察並與既有的相關論文做相互的對應，以提供代工廠商在工業行銷導入關鍵客戶管理的做法和應注意的事項。導入關鍵顧客管理不但能有效應用公司資源、加強與顧客的關係並帶來更高的獲利，也能避免與關鍵顧客之間的利益衝突。但建議代工廠商得注意不要因為長期依頼少數關鍵顧客的訂單而忽略了顧客營業額過於集中的風險且受阻於發展自有品牌。 / There were many Taiwanese companies in the past grew and thrived relied on foreign OEM customers. Although some of the companies later launch successfully their own brand, but so far there are still many contract manufacturers whose main business model is OEM/ODM. Recently, there are many customers starting to reduce their supplier number, contract manufacturer with bad capability or relationship is eliminated gradually. There were a lot customer relationship management (CRM) related paper in the past, but mostly discussed about business to customer (B2C) CRM topics. Although Key Account Management related research had been developing for 40 years, but most of the past researches are dedicated to key account management of foreign or big size company. At present, related paper about key account management of domestic contract manufacturer or industry manufacturing is limited and research focus on medium or small size contract manufacturer is very few. According to 2011 research report, there are 1.235 million small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) that occupied 97.7% of total companies in Taiwan. SMEs are also main force for Taiwan economic development. Therefore, this research focus on studying how Taiwan medium size contract manufacturer whose customers may have interest conflict implement its B2B key account management and also explore related factors that influence key account management. This research uses quality approach case study method by applying depth-interview to a contract manufacturer of office appliance electronic equipment, explore key account management approach and related theory through interview result and past literacy review. And factors that influence key account management could be concluded as customer type, foreign expansion strategy, competitive advantage and product life cycle. The findings conclude that (1) Contract manufacturer identify the key account primarily based on sales amount, secondary consideration on margin, (2) Switching cost, relationship commitment and goal congruence influence contract manufacturer strategy on managing the key account, (3) Competitive Advantage of contract manufacturer influence its bargaining power over its key account, (4) Customer size, bargaining power may let contract manufacturer adjust its organizational structure and make other changes, (5) Foreign expansion strategy of contract manufacturer is mainly targeting developed countries but will differentiate its product to avoid direct competition or conflict among its customers, (6) Key account management among different customer type varies among each stage of product life cycle. This research bases on analysis result, practical observation and mutual corresponding suggest how and what factors should be considerated when contract manufacturer applying key account management approach on industry marketing. Applying key account management is not only allocating company resources effectively, enhance customer relationship that bring further profit, but also avoid conflict or direct competition among the key accounts, but this research suggest that contract manufacturer should not because of relying on few key accounts for long term then neglect the risk of concentrating sales amount and have difficulty in developing own brand business.