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La investigación titulada “La infografía como recurso periodístico: propuesta para mejorar la presentación de la información del diario La Industria, año 2011”, utilizó como métodos e instrumentos de recolección de datos: las entrevistas a especialistas y el análisis de infografías. Se analizó las infografías publicadas en el mes de junio de los diarios La República y El Comercio. Así también, se entrevistó a especialistas en el tema, que han trabajado en reconocidos medios. Esta información y análisis permitió tener una visión general para presentar la propuesta infográfica. Los resultados de la investigación dieron a conocer que la infografía se puede utilizar como un recurso periodístico para presentar la información, además de la importancia del perfil que debe tener un buen infografista. / The research entitled “Infographics as journalistic resource: proposal to improve the presentation of information in the journal La Industria, 2011”, uses experts interviews and infographics analysis as instruments and data colletion methods for its investigation. Infographics published during june in La Republica and El Comercio newspapers were analyzed. Also, experts that work on important media companies were interviewed. These information and analysis allowed to have an overview to present an infographic proposal. The research results showed that the infographic can be used as a journalistic resource to present information, also the importance of the profile for an infographic designer.

On May 3rd and 4th, 2023, Serbia experienced two shooting tragedies, one a school shooting and the other one a spree shooting, ending with a death toll of 19, nine of them being children. In Belgrade and other cities, people took to the streets to protest what they stated as the reason for the shooting, which is a pervasive culture of violence and a media landscape that is dominated and controlled by the government. Following the reporting on the protest that followed, along with personally protesting, a question was made over what the differences between media reporting within Serbia and outside of Serbia were, along with a question of how the President, Aleksander Vučić, falls into place in all this. A corpus of newspaper articles during the event was made and analysed with AntConc. The theories used were critical discourse analysis and nexus analysis, along with Fairclough’s 3D model method of analysis. The results state a significant difference in media reporting, as Serbian media suffers from tabloidization, lack of ethical reporting, and false news. Vučić is suggested to be behind the current state of media. Suggestions for further studies include an in-depth reading of Serbian-language newspapers.

Dans quelles conditions s’invente un médicament ? Mue par une démarche pluridisciplinaire, de l'anthropologie de la communication aux Science Studies, cette thèse étudie les stratégies et pratiques communicationnelles mobilisées par l’industrie pharmaceutique et les laboratoires de recherche publics lors de l’invention d’un médicament, dans la phase de recherche qui précède les études cliniques. Ce médicament est une nanoparticule, issue des nanotechnologies, destinée à des applications thérapeutiques (contre le cancer) et diagnostiques (imagerie médicale). Les écosystèmes des réseaux d’innovation sont décrits par une étude ethnographique minutieuse, avec la mise en perspective des interactions multiples qui s’y déroulent.La première partie analyse deux dimensions du contexte général : les discours liés à la recherche pharmaceutique et aux nanotechnologies. Le premier chapitre dissèque les mythes que diffuse l'industrie pharmaceutique à travers ses éléments communicationnels, dont l’origine est la reconfiguration des mécanismes d’innovation des grands groupes. Le second chapitre retrace de manière critique l'histoire des nanotechnologies, dégage les con-troverses à leurs propos et analyse les discours radiophoniques qui leurs sont consacrés. La seconde partie explore trois facettes du local : des chercheurs multi-disciplinaires (chimistes, physiciens, biologistes, médecins), engagés dans la recherche du médicament, travaillent dans des laboratoires publics et privés. Le premier chapitre présente leurs spécificités et observe comment leurs collaborations façonnent des réseaux amorphes. Le second chapitre met en exergue la place centrale de l’oralité, à partir de la synthèse des molécules (i.e. nanoparticules) par les chimistes-physiciens jusqu’à l'expérimentation animale par les médecins-biologistes. Le troisième chapitre analyse comment les chercheurs et leurs concurrents communiquent leurs résultats à travers différents canaux communicationnels (colloque, public de visiteurs, investisseurs et médias). / In which conditions is a drug invented? Driven by a multidisciplinary approach, from Anthropology of Communication to Science Studies, this thesis explores strategies and communication practices mobilized by the pharmaceutical industry and public research laboratories in the invention of a drug in research’s phase that precedes clinical studies. This drug is a nanoparticle based on nanotechnology, for therapeutic applications (against cancer) and diagnostic (medical imaging). Ecosystems of innovation networks are described by a careful ethnographic study with highlighting of multiple interactions that take place there.The first part analyzes two dimensions of global context: the discourse related to pharmaceutical research and nanotechnology. The first chapter dissects the myths that diffuse the pharmaceutical industry through its communicative elements whose origin is the reconfiguration of Big Pharma’s innovation mechanisms. The second chapter summarizes critically the history of nanotechnology, emerging controversies about their analyzes and their radio speeches are devoted.The second part explores three dimensions of local context: multi-disciplinary scientists (chemists, physi-cists, biologists, medical doctors), engaged in drug research, who work in public and private laboratories. The first chapter presents their characteristics and how their collaborations result in amorphous networks. The second chapter highlights the centrality of oral language, from the synthesis of molecules (ie nanoparticles) by chemists, physicists to animal testing by physicians biologists. The third chapter discusses how researchers and their competitors communicate their results through different communicative channels (conferences, public visitors, investors and media).

Diese Dissertation umfasst vier Manuskripte zum Thema Risikokommunikation und medizinischen Entscheidungen. Das erste Manuskript diskutiert Unterschiede, Gemeinsamkeiten und die Anwendbarkeit von drei zentralen Ansätzen, die helfen sollen, bessere Entscheidungen zu treffen (Nudging, Social Marketing, Empowerment). Das zweite Manuskript präsentiert Ergebnisse einer Medienanalyse zur Evaluation von Zeitungs- und Internetberichten in Deutschland und Spanien über die HPV-Impfung. Basierend auf vordefinierten Standards für transparente, vollständige und korrekte Risikokommunikation, deckt die Medienanalyse Schwächen in der Berichterstattung auf. Das dritte Manuskript untersucht wie Laien relative Risikoreduktionen bzw. –erhöhungen, ein Standardformt in der Medizin, verstehen. Beide Formate führen Laien und Experten in die Irre und führen zur Überschätzung der tatsächlichen Effekte. Ein diskutierter Ausweg ist die zusätzliche Kommunikation der Basisrate. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Verständnis von relativen Risikoreduktionen (-erhöhungen) mit Basisrate von dem Präsentationsformat (Prozent- vs. Häufigkeitsformat) und der individuellen Fähigkeit im Zahlenverständnis abhängt. Teilnehmer mit geringem Zahlenverständnis profitierten von der Darstellung in Häufigkeiten; Teilnehmer mit hohem Zahlenverständnis zeigen ein besseres Verständnis unabhängig des Formats. Dennoch—selbst mit Basisrate—missverstehen viele Teilnehmer die Risikoinformation. Das vierte Manuskript untersucht wie Teilnehmer Behandlungen unter Unsicherheit auswählen. Ein Einwand gegen die Kommunikation von Unsicherheit ist die Behauptung, dass Menschen Unsicherheit in Gewinnsituationen vermeiden, in Verlustsituationen dagegen suchen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie in Bezug auf die Auswahl von medizinischen Behandlungen konnten diese Annahmen nicht bestätigen. Darüber hinaus wählte die Mehrheit der Teilnehmer die gleiche Behandlung, wenngleich sich die zugrundeliegende Auswahlstrategie unterschied. / This dissertation comprises four manuscripts focusing on health risk communication and medical decision making. The first manuscript discusses differences, commonalities, and the applicability of three major approaches to help patients make better decisions: nudging, social marketing, and empowerment. The second manuscript presents results of an evaluation of media coverage about the HPV vaccine of newspaper and Internet reports in Germany and Spain. Based on predefined standards for transparent, complete, and correct risk communication, the analysis revealed substantial shortcomings in how the media informed the public. The third manuscript centers on a standard format to communicate treatment benefits and harms: relative risk reductions and increases. Such formats have been found to misinform and mislead patients and health professionals. One suggestion is to always include information about baseline risk to reduce misunderstandings. Results show that even when baseline risk was communicated, it depended on the presentation format (percentage vs. frequency) and people’s numeracy skills whether they correctly interpreted the risk reduction (or increase). Low numerates benefited from a frequency format, whereas high numerates performed better independent of the format. Yet, a substantial proportion of participants still misunderstood the meaning of a relative risk reduction (or increase). The fourth manuscript investigated how laypeople choose between medical treatments when ambiguity is present. One objection against communicating ambiguity is the claim that laypeople are ambiguity averse in the domain of gains and ambiguity seeking in the domain of losses. Results did not find supporting evidence for this claim in medical treatment choice. Moreover, most participants selected the same treatment option, independent of numeracy. However, the underlying choice strategies varied between individuals.

Diploma thesis "Launch of the public-service culture channel: Broadcast analysis of ČT art until the year 2014" describes the origin and development of the channel ČT art, including an analysis of how it influenced the transformation of ČT2. This thesis, therefore, includes the programme composition of both channels monitoring the period from autumn 2013 to autumn 2014, as well as the programme composition of ČT2 from autumn 2012. This allows us to evaluate how ČT2 attended to cultural broadcasting before the launch of the new and thematically specialized channel ČT art. Moreover, the thesis tries to point out the trends taking place in television broadcasting such as digitalization, fragmentation of TV audiences and media convergence. These trends are illustrated by using specific examples from the Czech Television, as well as the theoretical foundation. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on describing public-service media, services they provide and their roles in fulfilling the cultural needs of society. In addition, it also draws attention to examples of culturally oriented channels within Europe. The results of the analysis of programme schemes of both channels are complemented by findings from interviews with the leading employees of the Czech Television, which were not aimed to focus...

The principle aim of the study is to describe, analyze and problemize the ways in which television science documentaries (within a public service context) discursively represent scientific theories, research results and conclusions about the origins of human nature and the causes of human behavior. The study covers 25 programs broadcasted by SVT and UR during a period of four years,2002-2005 , and 12 additional programs are used as a basis for discussion. Most of the programs included in the study are productions purchased mainly from BBC Science. Thus, managing editors, producers and presenters were interviewed for the purpose of illuminating quality judgements and purchasing criteria. A five stage-model of critical discourse analysis has inspired the method which emphasizes the network of communicative practices in which the media text and representation are embedded. That includes media genre, production and narrative conventions as well as the wider historical, social and political/ideological context and discourse practices of which the issues represented are a part. The critical discourse analysis has been complemented by ideas about different documentary modes of representation or basic ways of organizing documentary texts in relation to certain recurrent features or conventions. In the analysis these modes have been applied to understand the degree of transparency and editorial presence and visibility in the science documentaries. The importance of the discourses presented is related to their more applied meanings. When certain descriptions, explanations and understandings of alleged human “basics” gain priority, it may affect the possibilities to define and handle very concrete social issues in a way that is inconsistent with this fundamental perspective. Thus, the ideological function of the science documentaries (as public service-program and educational media) deserves serious attention.

<p>"Understanding what I write" is a study of university-scientists’ work concerning science-information, with the basis in Pedagogical Theory. The empirical material is collected through an inquiry and several interviews with scinentists at the ten universities of Sweden. This inquiry was done within the timeframe of November 2000 to Janurary 2001. The purpose is to find out wich methods scientists use to spread their knowledge to the society and what possibilities there are to improve these.</p> / <p>"Jag skriver begripligt "är en studie av universitetsforskares arbete med forskningsinformation med utgångspunkt i pedagogisk teori. Det empiriska materialet är insamlat i form av en enkät och ett flertal intervjuer med forskare på Sveriges tio universitet, under tidsperioden första november 2000 till sista januari 2001. Syftet med undersökningen är att ta reda på vilka metoder forskare använder för att sprida sin kunskap till det omgivande samhället och vilka möjligheter det finns att förbättra dessa.</p>

Canadian women print journalists both protest against and acquiesce to the patriarchal culture of newspapering in their daily work. Utilizing narrative analysis and the feminist theory of intersectionality, this dissertation argues that other social characteristics interact with gender as practitioners negotiate the multiple hegemonies of their workplace, and that the impacts of these characteristics change over time. The purpose of the qualitative study was to do fieldwork needed to respond to scholarly uncertainty about journalists’ individual motivations on the job and their perceived impact on the socio-political agenda. Individual interviews and focus groups were conducted over 2010-2011. Participants included 26 Canadian women print journalists in five newspapers across Canada, as well as one former journalist, now an academic. Key generational differences appeared when participants’ stories were examined with age and gender intersecting as an organizing theme. Senior participants tended to see themselves as lucky survivors in frustratingly gendered newsrooms; those in mid-career were self-sacrificing, hard workers who needed, but were not getting, workplace flexibility; and the most junior ones presented themselves as individual strategists, capable of handling whatever routine injustices were thrown at them. They wanted to stay in the business long enough to “choose” between careers and parenthood, with technological proficiency as a lifeline. Participants’ narratives revealed how the most senior tended to combine their multiple identities and externalities into a coherent whole, while younger participants experimented with and exploited aspects of their complex identities and larger societal influences to survive in a high-stress, gendered environment. This study produces evidence that the participants’ career paths are influenced in fluid and often hidden ways by other characteristics as they intersect with gender. Assumptions about these characteristics, such as age, race, parenthood status and class, further complicate the shaping of participants’ experiences in their workplaces, offering them other possible positions from which to either reinforce or resist the newsroom culture. The participants take up navigating these confused seas in ways that often leave them frustrated and angry, but ultimately most say they feel they make a difference in the socio-political agenda because of their complex identities and as voices for those deemed “voiceless.” / Graduate / 0453 / 0391 / 0708 / viviansmith@telus.net