Verksamheten Spindeln i Västerås vänder sig till personer med så kallad dubbeldiagnos, människor med psykisk sjukdom och samtida missbruksproblematik. Syfte med denna studie var att söka kunskap om vad klienterna med så kallad dubbeldiagnos på verksamheten Spindeln upplevde som meningsfull sysselsättning, samt om verksamheten Spindeln bidrog till att klienterna upplevde sig inneha någon form av meningsfull sysselsättning. Empirin insamlades genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem klienter från Spindeln. De teorier som behandlades var känslan av sammanhang (KASAM), stigma samt socialt kapital. Dessa teorier användes till att tolka empirin tillsammans med tidigare forskning inom området psykisk sjukdom och meningsfull sysselsättning. Studiens resultat visade på betydelsen av att ha något att göra om dagarna, att meningsfull sysselsättning innebar en sorts trygghet i vardagen som medförde struktur och mening. Att ha ett socialt sammanhang att delta i var även det av mycket stor vikt enligt studiens deltagare samt en strategi för att undvika att hamna i psykos. Meningsfull sysselsättning var mycket individuellt och varierade beroende på respondenternas livssituation i relation till ålder, sjukdom, erfarenhet och visioner. Resultatet visade att Spindelns verksamhet upplevdes som meningsfull av deltagarna. / The activity Spindeln in Västerås is a project that attempts to deliver daily occupation for clients with dual diagnosis, people diagnosed with a mental disorder and a contemporary substance abuse. The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to gain knowledge about what Spindeln's dual diagnosis clients experience as meaningful occupation. The purpose was also to examine if Spindeln contributes to making its clients experience meaningful occupation.  The empirical material was based on qualitative and semi-structured interviews with five clients of Spindeln. The conceptual framework was based on concepts such as sense of coherence (SOC), stigma and social capital. This theories was used mainly to interpret empirical material together with earlier research regarding mental disorder and meaningful occupation. The findings of the study indicated that meaningful daily occupation was very important for dual diagnosis patients because it provides them with a feeling of safety which led to structured and meaningful days. Also the study indicated that having social connection to participate in, and a strategy to avoid a state of psychosis, was of great importance to the clients at Spindeln. Meaningful occupation turned out to be highly individual depending on variables such as age, disease, experiences and visions. The findings also indicated that Spindeln was meaningful according the clients.

Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med studien var att utifrån ett salutogent perspektivundersöka professioners uppfattningar om och yrkeserfarenheter av att upptäcka tidigasignaler på stress och hur dessa kan hanteras. De frågeställningar som besvaras är; I) Vilkauttryck tar sig dagens psykiska ohälsa i arbetslivet? II) Hur kan individen upptäcka tidiga varningssignaler på stress? III) Vilka strategier kan individen tillämpa för att främja sin förmåga att hantera stress? IV) Vad anses vara hälsofrämjande på de olika systemnivåerna?Metod: Studien utgår ifrån en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med inspiration av den fenomenografiska ansatsen. Metoden för insamlad data bestod av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultat: Resultatet har presenterats i fyra huvudkategorier - Gränslöst arbete, Tidiga varningssignaler på stress, Hantering av stress, Hälsofrämjande arbetssätt, tillsammans med åtta subkategorier - Ett individualistiskt samhälle, Krav och prestationer, Bakomliggande orsaker, En mindre hållbar situation, Individens egna val, Individ- och gruppnivå, Organisationsnivå, Samhällsnivå. Konklusion: Symptom som trötthet, oro och sömnsvårigheter är varningssignaler på stress. Att arbeta med hälsofrämjande insatser på ett tidigt studium är en framgångsfaktor som respondenterna talar om. Det är viktigt att vara lyhörd för tidiga symptom och bakomliggande orsaker, det vill säga att ta reda på "vad det är som prasslar". / Purpose and issues: The purpose of the study was to examine, from a salutogenic perspective, professionals' perceptions and work experiences of detecting early signals on stress in working life and how they can be managed. The questions to be answered are: I)What are the expressions of mental illness in working life today? II) How can the individual discover early warning signals on stress? III) What strategies can the individual apply to promote his/her ability to cope with stress? IV) What is considered to be a health promotionfor the different system levels? Methods: The study design is qualitative inspired by the phenomenographic approach. Semistructured interviews were used for collecting data. Results: Four main categories emerged - Borderless work, Early warning signals of stress, Managing stress, Working in a health promotion manner. Eight subcategories were found –An individualistic society, Demands and achievements, Underlying causes, An unsustainable situation, The individual's own choices, Individual- and group level, Organizational level and environmental- and societal level. Conclusion: Symptoms such as fatigue, anxious and insomnia are warning signals of stress. Working in a health promotion manner in early stages is a success factor mentioned by the respondents. It is important to be responsive to early symptoms and underlying causes, that is, to examine "what is the rustle".

Group of people with mental illness is a very diverse group. Due to its diagnosis they have to face prejudices and stigmatization, which influences all levels of their lives - even the working one. This diploma thesis People with mental disorders and their access to the labour market examines the position of persons with mental disorders on the labor market. It is based on the premise that employment is an important element for every person, as it provides an income and, above all, represents belonging to the majority society. In this work I introduce the setting of Czech legislation and public policy documents, I realize my own quantitative (using content analysis of media outputs) and qualitative (using semi-structured expert interviews) research and based on that I classify people with mental illness into the relevant target population according to the Theory of social construction of target populations (according to Schneider and Ingram). I choose this procedure of combined (= mixed) research to collect a sufficient amount of data. This theory says how benefits or burdens are allocated in society. I define the problems and, in conclusion, I present possible recommendations how the situation could change with the help of public policy instruments and how the the stigma that these people have to...

Suicide rate is above EU average in Czechia. At the same time, no initiative trying to solve this problem exist. Aim of this thesis is suggest content of suicide prevention policy suitable for Czech environment. Author adopts optics of evidence-based policy approach and in line with this, meta- review (systematic review of systematic reviews; MR) and group discussion were conducted. MR identified 73 potentially effective interventions, 47 (64%) of these were recommended for assessment for Czech context. These interventions were critically reviewed by seven experts and discussion resulted in set of comments and other relevant outputs. Results of MR and group discussion were then put together in relation to broader context and in this sense they represent optimal basis for complex suicide prevention policy in Czechia.

Background: Over the past decades the public health relevance of mental health conditions in children and adolescents has been of growing concern. However, so far no detailed epidemiological data has been available for a representative national sample in Germany. Objectives: The present paper reports prevalence rates of general and specific mental health problems among children and adolescents in Germany and describes the link between symptoms and impairment as well as the treatment situation. Methods: The mental health module (BELLA study) examines mental health problems in a representative sub-sample of 2,863 families with children aged 7–17 from the National Health Interview and Examination Survey among Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). Mental health problems were determined using the extended version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). Further standardised screening measures were employed to screen for anxiety disorders (SCARED), conduct disorder (CBCL), attention deficit-/ hyperactivity disorder (FBBHKS, Conners’ Scale) and depressive disorders (CES-DC). Furthermore, substance abuse and suicidal tendencies were assessed. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and health care use were determined. Results Overall, 14.5% of the children and adolescents aged 7–17 fulfilled the criteria for at least one specific mental health problem associated with impairment, or had an overall mental health problem indicated by an abnormal SDQ score and present impairment. However, high comorbidity was found in the children concerned. Symptoms of overall mental health problems were present in 8.6% of the children and 6.6% of the adolescents. This number was reduced to prevalence rates of 6.3 and 4.9% when additional impairment was taken as a criterion. Irrespective of the type of disorder, fewer than half of the children affected were reported as receiving treatment. However, for those suffering from mental health problems, large impairments in HRQoL were observed. Conclusions: The observed prevalence of mental health problems as well as their large impact on well-being and functioning calls for early prevention. This is especially important with regard to the large decrease in HRQoL in the children and adolescents affected.

Orientador: Maria Cristina Pereira Lima / Resumo: Introdução: O sofrimento psíquico atinge grande parte da população, e pode ser caracterizado por um acentuado e duradouro desconforto emocional, angústia, tristeza, falta de expressão afetiva, esgotamento emocional, isolamento social, dentre outros sintomas. Os estudantes universitários, especialmente da área da saúde, carregam expectativas diversas em relação ao futuro profissional e no decorrer de sua formação são expostos às mais variadas situações que mobilizam seu sofrimento psíquico, podendo vir a comprometer tal formação. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência e identificar os fatores associados a Transtorno Mental Comum (TMC), entre os estudantes universitários da área da saúde, dos cursos de Enfermagem e Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu e de Nutrição do Instituto de Biociências. Método: Este é um estudo transversal que se insere na pesquisa “Condições de vida e saúde de estudantes de Enfermagem, Medicina e Nutrição do campus de Botucatu”, cujos dados foram colhidos em 2013. Trata-se assim, de uma análise parcial do referido banco de dados. A variável dependente é TMC, investigada a partir do Self Report Questionnaire, considerando-se caso mulheres com 8 pontos ou mais e homens com 6 pontos ou mais. As variáveis independentes são as características sociodemográficas e rede de apoio avaliada pela Escala de Apoio Social (EAS). Inicialmente foi feita análise descritiva, seguida de análise bivariada e posteriormente foram construídos modelos de regressão logística... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Partnervåld med dödlig utgång mot en kvinna utgör ungefär 20-30 procent av alla mord i Sverige och under 2019 resulterade våldet i att 16 kvinnor dödades. Forskningsläget är idag tudelat angående om förövare av dödligt partnervåld ska behandlas som en separat grupp från andra förövare av dödligt våld. Syftet var därmed att jämföra män som dödat sin kvinnliga partner/ex-partner med män som dödat en annan person som de inte hade en parrelation med, specifikt gällande typ av våld och psykisk störning. Studien har använt en tvärsnittsdesign med ett retrospektivt förhållningssätt där ett urval på totalt 160 domar använts från år 2015 till 2020. Resultatet visade en signifikant skillnad där män som dödat sin kvinnliga partner/ex-partner använde reaktivt våld i högre utsträckning jämfört med män som dödat en annan person som de inte hade en parrelation med som istället övervägande använde instrumentellt våld. Gällande psykisk störning fanns ingen signifikant skillnad mellan grupperna. Sammanfattningsvis bidrar det faktum att grupperna skiljer sig åt gällande typ av våld till forskningsläget genom att ge en indikation på att de bör särskiljas. / Intimate partner violence with a deadly outcome against a woman constitutes approximately 20-30 percent of all homicides in Sweden, during 2019 the violence resulted in 16 women being murdered. Research today is considered to be divided regarding whether perpetrators of intimate partner homicide should be considered a separate group from other perpetrators of deadly violence. The purpose of this study was therefore to compare men who have murdered their female intimate partner/ex-partner with men who have murdered another person they didn’t have an intimate relationship with, specifically regarding type of violence and mental disorder. The study used a cross sectional design with a retrospective approach and a sample of totally 160 verdicts from 2015 to 2020. The results showed a significant difference where men who have murdered their female intimate partner/ex-partner used reactive violence to a greater extent compared to men who have murdered another person that they didn’t have an intimate relationship with, who instead predominantly used instrumental violence. Regarding mental disorder there were no significant differences between the groups. In conclusion, the fact that the groups differ in type of violence contributes to the research field by giving an indication that they should be distinguished.

Orientador: Maria Cristina Pereira Lima / Resumo: Introdução: A competência de juízo moral, baseada na teoria de Lawrence Kohlberg, tem sido estudada por muitos pesquisadores para avaliar o desenvolvimento moral de adolescentes e adultos. Pesquisas indicam que ocorre aumento da competência de juízo moral conforme o aumento da idade, maturidade e nível educacional. Apesar disso, resultados de estudos realizados com estudantes de medicina têm demonstrado que a competência moral desse público diminui conforme o curso avança. Até o presente momento, os principais motivos apontados para essa diminuição foram os currículos dos cursos, focados na formação tecnicista, além do ambiente de alta competição entre os alunos. Contudo, não encontramos na literatura pesquisas que verificassem se há associação entre competência moral e Transtorno Mental Comum. Objetivo: Descrever a relação entre competência moral e TMC de estudantes de medicina de uma instituição pública identificando fatores associados. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal. Participaram deste estudo alunos matriculados no curso de medicina de uma faculdade pública do interior do estado de São Paulo, que consentiram em participar da pesquisa. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário que investiga aspectos sociodemográficos e da vida universitária; questionário para avaliação de Transtorno Mental Comum (TMC), o Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20); AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), instrumento de rastreamento criad... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

The study emanates from the need to explore and gain insight into the factors that led to the criminal behaviour of persons with mental disorders who are admitted to Lobatse Mental Hospital following a criminal offence. Objectives of the study were to provide a broad theoretical background on criminality amongst persons with mental disorders; to explore factors that contribute to the criminal behaviour of persons with mental disorders; and lastly, to draw conclusions and recommendations regarding reduction of criminal behaviour amongst persons with mental disorders. The study utilised and answered a research question that read as follows: What are the contributing factors to the criminal behaviour of persons with mental disorders? The study was therefore centred on this question as it was undertaken to find answers to the research question. The study used qualitative research approach because the researcher heavily relied on subjective data provided by the small sample, which in turn has been used to generate some understanding of the factors contributing to the criminal behaviour of persons with mental disorders. Applied research was used because it addresses the problem of criminal behaviour of persons with mental disorders and draws conclusions and recommendations to the reduction of the criminal behaviour amongst persons with mental disorders. The study also followed a qualitative research approach, in particular a collective case study strategy. The population for this study comprised of all offenders with mental disorders at Lobatse Mental Hospital. The researcher relied on purposive sampling technique to select the participants. Twelve patients with a mental disorder admitted at Lobatse Mental Hospital were interviewed face-to-face by the researcher and a tape recorder was used to capture the data. In analyzing the data themes that were categorised in line with emerging patterns, particularly with reference to the research question, were identified. The conclusion from the literature review revealed that there is a causal relationship between mental disorders and criminal behaviour. It however revealed that persons with mental disorders with psychotic symptoms are at increased risk of criminal behaviour. Literature also showed that persons with mental disorders can commit crimes not necessarily due to their mental disorder but to other factors such as greed, lack of conscience and revenge. The factors contributing to the criminal behaviour of persons with mental disorders as revealed by the participants are as follows: mental disorder accompanied by psychotic symptoms; alcohol and substance abuse; male; single; lower educational achievement; unemployed; self defence; mixing traditional and modern medicine; treatment non-adherence; poor interpersonal relationships with significant others; delay in seeking appropriate treatment; lack of education on one mental condition; living alone without anyone to monitor the signs and symptoms of the mental condition; poor conflict resolution skills. Copyright / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

Psykisk ohälsa är ett stort problem och dess negativa konsekvenser drabbar individer, närstående och hela samhällen. För att komma åt problemen är det viktigt att det finns flera framgångsrika rehabiliteringsinsatser. Forskning har visat att naturen kan användas för att rehabilitera människor mot psykisk ohälsa. Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka de yrkesverksammas upplevelser av naturbaserad rehabilitering för individer med psykisk ohälsa. Sex semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med sju yrkesverksamma inom olika naturbaserade rehabiliteringsinsatser. Insamlad empiri analyserades därefter med hjälp av en tematisk analys. För att förstå och tolka empirin användes teorier inom socialpsykologi och en teori som berör naturens påverkan på människan. Tre huvudteman identifierades genom resultatanalysen: (1) kunskap; (2) läkning genom natur och djur; och (3) relationer. Inom huvudtemat kunskap visade resultatet att de yrkesverksammas yrkeskunskap och yrkeserfarenhet hade flertalet positiva konsekvenser i deltagarnas rehabiliteringsprocess. I det andra huvudtemat framkom insatsernas för- och nackdelar. Fördelarna var många och betydligt fler än nackdelarna. Den positiva påverkan berörde deltagarnas fysiska, psykiska, kognitiva och sociala mående och fungerande. I det sista huvudtemat framkom det att relationer hade en viktig roll i rehabiliteringsprocessen. Detta handlade om att deltagarna kom in i en gemenskap och att de yrkesverksammas förhållningssätt gentemot deltagarna var betydelsefullt för deltagarnas rehabiliteringsprocess. Naturbaserad rehabilitering, och de yrkesverksamma, kan därmed sägas vara viktiga faktorer för individers tillfrisknande. / Mental disorders is a major problem and its negative consequences affect individuals, relatives and entire communities. To address the problems, it is important that there are several successful interventions. Research has shown that nature can be used to rehabilitate people against mental disorders. The purpose of the study was to investigate the professionals' experiences of nature-based rehabilitation for individuals with mental disorders. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven professionals' in various nature-based interventions. Collected empirical data were then analysed using thematic analysis. To understand and interpret the empirical data, theories in social psychology and one theory concerning the effects of nature were used. Three main themes were identified through the analysis of the results: (1) knowledge; (2) healing through nature and animals; and (3) relationships. Within the main theme knowledge, the results showed that the professionals' knowledge and experiences had a majority of positive consequences on the participants' rehabilitation process. In the second main theme, the advantages and disadvantages of the interventions emerged. The advantages were many and significantly more than the disadvantages. The positive impact affected the participants' physical, mental, cognitive, and social well-being and functioning. The last main theme emerged that relationships played an important role in the rehabilitation process. This centered about the fact that the participants entered a community and that the attitudes of the professionals towards the participants was important for the participants' rehabilitation process. Nature-based rehabilitation, and the professionals, can therefore be said to be important factors for individuals' recovery.