Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-15T13:23:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_DaielleAraujoAgarryua.pdf: 1132186 bytes, checksum: 3379cc72a5bc22d01ddce8ebea0eb66a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T13:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_DaielleAraujoAgarryua.pdf: 1132186 bytes, checksum: 3379cc72a5bc22d01ddce8ebea0eb66a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-24 / Silver sulfadiazine (SDAg), the drug of choice for topical treatment of infected burns, possesses a broad spectrum of action and the incidence of resistance is considerably lower than with most antibiotics. In the presence of water SDAg undergoes a partial hydrolysis with formation of free sulfadiazine and silver, which has been previously shown to be photoreactive. This work presents as main objective evaluated the microbiological activity of SDAg associated with nanocapsules prepared from poly( -caprolactone), using capric and caprylic acid triglycerides and butyleneglicol cocoate as oily phase. The suspensions were prepared by interfacial deposition of pre-formed polymer and were characterized in term of SDAg contents, associated drug within the nanoparticles, pH, mean size of particles and zeta potentials of nanocapsules with SDAg, and evaluated the influence of the types of oils (capric and caprylic acid triglycerides and butyleneglicol cocoato) on nanocapsules physico-chemical caracterization. The microbial activity of SDAg nanocapsules were analyzed against microorganism Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) by the method of agar diffusion. The dosage technique of SDAg in HPLC was validated in all analyzed parameters and the results obtained met the specifications for linearity, precision, and accuracy. The suspension containing capric and caprylic acid triglycerides presented average size of 225 nm (±1,71), zeta potential of – 26 mV (±1,09) and pH values of 5,6. This sample showed an 100 % of drug entrapment. The values size particle of the suspension containing butyleneglicol cocoato was 221,4 nm (±2,3), zeta potential of – 27,9 mV (±1,7) and pH 5,7. Suspension with miglyol® SDAg contents were 77 % and 97,96%, determined by HPLC and microbiological assay, respectively, being higher when compared with suspension butyleneglicol cocoato, 38,5 % e 87,26 % demonstrating that the extraction of SDAg used is more efficient for the nanocapsules suspension with capric and caprylic acid triglycerides as oil core. Through the results, it is possible to conclude that the silver sulfadiazine nanocapsule suspensions are an alternative for the corporation in topical formulations. / Sulfadiazina de prata (SDAg), é o fármaco de escolha no tratamento tópico de infecções em queimaduras, possui um amplo espectro de ação e a incidência de resistência é consideravelmente menor do que a maioria dos antibióticos. Na presença de água a SDAg sofre hidrólise parcial com formação de sulfadiazina livre e prata, que tem mostrado ser previamente fotorreativa. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito anitimicrobiano da SDAg associada a nanocápsulas preparadas a partir de poli( -caprolactona), usando triglicerídeos de ácidos cáprico e caprílico e cocoato de butilenoglicol como fase oleosa. As suspensões foram preparadas pelo método de deposição interfacial de um polímero préformado e foram posteriormente caracterizadas através da determinação do teor de SDAg, taxas de associação, diâmetro médio das partículas, polidispersão e do potencial zeta das nanocápsulas contendo SDAg. Foi avaliada a influência dos óleos utilizados (Triglicerídeos de ácidos cáprico e caprílico ou cocoato de butilenoglicol) sobre a caracterização físicoquímica das nanocápsulas. A atividade antimicrobiana das nanocápsulas contendo SDAg foi analisada contra o microrganismo Pseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC 27853) pelo método de difusão em ágar. A técnica de doseamento da SDAg por CLAE foi validada em todos os parâmetros analisados e os resultados atenderam as especificações de linearidade, precisão e exatidão. As suspensões contendo triglicerídeos de ácidos cáprico e caprílico apresentaram tamanho médio de 225 nm (±1,71), potencial zeta de - 26 mV (±1,09) e valores de pH de 5,6. Estas amostras apresentaram 100% de taxa de associação. Os valores do tamanho de partícula da suspensão contendo cocoato de butilenoglicol foram de 221,4 nm (±2,3), o potencial zeta foi – 27,9 (±1,7) e o pH 5,7. A suspensão preparada com triglicerídeos de ácidos cáprico e caprílico apresentou teor de SDAg de 77 % e 97,96 %, determinada por CLAE e ensaio microbiológico, respectivamente, sendo maior quando comparada com a suspensão preparada com cocoato de butilenoglicol, 38,5 % e 87,26 %, demonstrando que o processo de extração da SDAg utilizado é mais eficiente para a suspensão de nanocápsula com triglicerídeos de ácidos cáprico e caprílico como núcleo oleoso. Através dos resultados, pode-se concluir que as suspensões contendo nanocápsulas de sulfadiazina de prata podem ser uma alternativa para a incorporação em formulações de uso tópico.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-09-26T11:39:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertaçãp - Maria Helena Gondim Almeida - 2017.pdf: 2537124 bytes, checksum: a457ebbf92d9a4dab990c7556b3eddb3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-09-26T11:40:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertaçãp - Maria Helena Gondim Almeida - 2017.pdf: 2537124 bytes, checksum: a457ebbf92d9a4dab990c7556b3eddb3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-26T11:40:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertaçãp - Maria Helena Gondim Almeida - 2017.pdf: 2537124 bytes, checksum: a457ebbf92d9a4dab990c7556b3eddb3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-29 / This study uses theatrical methods as a way to teach History in the classroom. The aim is to address theatrical methods allowing to articulate between the present and past tenses, so that the students can be the main figure of their own learning. The reason for this study was the use of theatrical methods in the classroom and the desire to report the constant work of teachers using theatrical methods in the classrooms with teenagers in elementary school. However, at the same time that it reflects a real experience, discussing concepts of Historical consciousness, memories and the theatrical methodology itself, this study elaborates a pedagogic proposal with the theatrical methodology in history classes trying to relate and reflect about the roll of History and the meaning of the use of theatrical methods in the process of knowledge construction, articulating the memories of teachers and students. I defend that using theatrical methods it is possible to accomplish interdisciplinary work between two or more subjects, which implies a direct intervention in school dynamics, where it becomes a reality. Thus, this study ponders about History teaching, pointing out challenges and possibilities that the use of theatrical methods as teaching and learning methodology provides, defending its use along with my own experience as inspiration to other teaching professionals. I believe that a studies as this one are an effective commitment to History teaching and its subjects, for its results should assist and extend the teachers formation, showing new ways to teach, which, in my point of view, can help to enforce professional and affection ties between teachers and students. / Este é um estudo que parte do uso do teatro como metodologia do ensino de História em sala de aula. O objetivo é defender o teatro como metodologia de ensino que permite uma articulação entre o presente e passado, haja vista os estudantes serem os protagonistas do próprio ensino. O que me levou a essa pesquisa foi tanto minha experiência com o uso do teatro em sala de aula, quanto o desejo de registrar o trabalho constante de professores com a metodologia do teatro em suas aulas com adolescentes do ensino fundamental. Nesse sentido, ao mesmo tempo em que reflete sobre uma experiência vivida, debatendo conceitos como consciência histórica, memória e o próprioteatro como metodologia de ensino, o trabalho elabora uma proposta pedagógica com a metodologia do teatro inserido nas aulas de história buscando relacionar e refletir sobre o papel da História e do significado do uso do teatro no processo de construção de conhecimentos, articulando as memórias dos professores e estudantes. Defendo também que é possível com o uso do teatro realizar um trabalho interdisciplinar entre duas ou mais disciplinas, o que implica em uma intervenção direta na dinâmica escolar no espaço em que tal proposta se torna realidade. Assim, no presente trabalho, reflet i sobre o ensino de História, apontando os desafios e possibilidades que o uso do teatro como metodologia de ensino e aprendizagem trazem, defendendo seu uso e trazendo minha própria experiência como inspiração para outros profissionais do ensino. Acredito que uma pesquisa como esta é também um compromisso efetivo com o ensino de história e seus sujeitos, pois seu resultado deve ajudar a alargar a formação docente, abrindo novas formas de ensinar, o que, a meu ver, ajuda a reforçar os laços profissionais e afetivos entre professores e alunos.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um conjunto de procedimentos metodológicos para análise de peças gráficas de apartamentos de interesse social e aplicá-lo, como pré-teste, em uma amostra sistematizada em banco de dados de exemplares produzidos na cidade de São Paulo, ao longo do século XX. Os procedimentos metodológicos propostos foram elaborados segundo categorias sugeridas em trabalhos de pesquisadores que já desenvolveram metodologias de avaliação, além de outras inseridas por esta pesquisa. A partir desses procedimentos buscamos utilizar as peças gráficas dos projetos explorando as possibilidades de uso da planta como um dos principais documentos em análises espaciais qualitativas. / This research aim is to develop a set of methodological procedures to analyse apartment ground plans for low-income families, and then, apply it as previous test as a sample arranged methodically in a file, whose examples are buildings in São Paulo city throughout the twentieth century. The methodological procedures were elaborated according to suggested categories given by researchers who have already developed assessment methodology besides other ones which have been added by this research. From these procedures we have tried to use the building ground plans observing the possibilities of using the plan as one of the main document about qualitative spacious analyses.

Nesta pesquisa procuramos investigar se o uso do pluralismo metodológico nas aulas de Física pode contribuir para o aprimoramento da argumentação científica dos alunos. As atividades foram realizadas com alunos da terceira série do ensino médio de uma escola do interior do estado de São Paulo. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram utilizadas, em sala de aula, metodologias de ensino variadas: atividades experimentais e de demonstração, atividades com o uso das tecnologias de informação e comunicação e projetos como estratégia de resolução de problema. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de quatro grupos focais e pelas apresentações de projetos pelos alunos, com a finalidade de investigar as suas argumentações sobre os conceitos físicos estudados por meio das metodologias mencionadas anteriormente. Para a análise da estrutura das argumentações dos alunos demos ênfase aos elementos constitutivos do padrão de Toulmin. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostram indícios do aprimoramento da argumentação científica dos alunos. Isso nos fez concluir que o uso do pluralismo metodológico, juntamente com o processo de interação social, promove o desenvolvimento da argumentação científica e é uma alternativa que colabora para a formação de alunos mais reflexivos e participativos no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Física. / In this research we investigate if the use of methodological pluralism in Physics classes can contribute to the improvement of the student\'s cientific argumentation. The activities were conducted with students of the third grade of secondary education at a school in the state of São Paulo. In the research\'s development was used, in the classroom, varied teaching methodologies: experimental and demonstration activities, activities using information and communication technology and projects such as problem solving strategy. The data collection was done through four focus groups and by the student\'s presentations of the project, in order to investigate their arguments about physical concepts studied by the methods mentioned above. For the initial structure analysis of the students\' argumentation we gave emphasis to the constituent elements of the standard Toulmin. Our results show evidence of student\'s improvement in scientific argumentation. Using these data we concluded that the use of methodological pluralism, with the process of social interaction, facilitates the development of scientific argument and it is an alternative that contributes to the formation of more reflective and participatory students in the teaching and learning of Physics.

La thèse souhaite comprendre comment les habitants construisent un rapport, une relation au patrimoine de leur ville. Comment considèrent-ils comme ayant un caractère patrimonial des éléments de la ville ? Comme un habitant est avant tout un pratiquant de la ville, la pratique qu’il a est donc l’élément essentiel dans la compréhension du rapport au patrimoine. Il faut donc passer par une mise en discours de la pratique de la ville par les habitants pour répondre à la question de recherche. Deux dispositifs méthodologiques de narration ont été élaborés : l’entretien itinérant et l’entretien collectif ayant produit un ensemble de discours. Le premier a comme objectif de faire parler et marcher les enquêtés dans l’espace de la ville afin de se retrouver en situation d’habitants, et de leur permettre de montrer et de décrire les lieux sur lesquels se construisent une relation au patrimoine. Le deuxième a comme objectif de revoir les enquêtés pour préciser et détailler les caractéristiques qui constituent la relation qu’ils ont avec leur patrimoine. Pour l’ensemble des analyses développées sur les corpus, il s’agit d’explorer le processus de construction de sens de la relation des habitants à propos de ce qu’ils considèrent comme leur patrimoine. Les enquêtés sont placés en situation pour parler de leur rapport au patrimoine à partir leur propre discours élaborés en entretiens itinérants. C’est pourquoi on parle d’analyse sémiodiscursive des corpus c’est-à-dire qu’on cherche à comprendre le processus de la signification du rapport au patrimoine d’un point de vue sémiotique en étudiant les discours qui le construisent. Tout au long de la thèse, les analyses ont deux niveaux : une analyse de contenu permettant de repérer d’une part l’ensemble des lieux sur lesquels la relation se construit, d’autre part l’ensemble des qualifications à l’oeuvre dans la signification du rapport. Une analyse sémiotique ensuite qui étudie la manière dont le sens de ces relations au patrimoine se construit. Pour cela on postule que la compréhension de la signification du rapport au patrimoine s’effectue à partir de différentes opérations de construction de sens, empilées dans les corpus et dépliées pour les étudier séparément dans l’analyse / The thesis wishes to understand how the inhabitants of a city build a relationship with the heritage within their city. How do they regard the elements of the city as being patrimonial? An inhabitant is a practitioner of the city and the practice which he/she has is the essential component in the comprehension of his/her relationship with the heritage. Two methodological devices of narration were used: itinerant interviews and focus groups, which produced the discourses in this research. The first device has, as its objective, to make the interviewees speak and walk about in the space of the city in order to find him/herself in the daily situation of a typical inhabitant, and to allow interviewees to show and describe the places where they have built build a relationship with the heritage. The second device has intends to meet with interviewees again in order to specify the characteristics which constitute the link that they have with their heritage. For the whole of the analysis developed, we explore the process of construction of meaning in the relationship built by the inhabitants with what they regard as their heritage. Interviewees are asked to speak about the discourses that they themselves developed during there itinerant interviews. This is why we speak about “sémiodiscursive” analysis of the corpora, we seek to understand the process of the meaning in the relationship with the heritage from a semiotic point of view by studying the discourses which build it. Throughout the thesis, the analysis has two levels: an analysis of content allowing to recognize on the one hand the places where the relationship is built, and, on the other hand the qualificative attributions at work. Then, a semiotic analysis studies the way in which the meaning of these relations to the heritage is built. We propose that, in order to understand the meaning of the relationship with heritage, we need to work with the various operations of construction of meaning witch are mixed up in the corpora, and witch we study separately in the analysis

Notre thèse s’attache à l’étude des systèmes représentationnels impliqués par la parenté par recours au don de spermatozoïdes. D’un point de vue théorique en psychologie sociale, l’objectif est de saisir la logique de ces systèmes (contenus et processus d’élaboration et de transformation) et leur efficacité au sein de la pratique sociale. La problématique porte sur les manières dont le sens commun traduit les enjeux anthropologiques relatifs à la parenté et au don dans le cas du don de spermatozoïdes. Nous nous inscrivons dans une approche sociogénétique des représentations sociales nous permettant de retracer les éléments et les jalons des processus d’appropriation symbolique en œuvre pour ceux qui ont pour tâche d’institutionnaliser ces pratiques et pour ceux qui en ont une expérience vécue. Nous avons développé un plan de recherche fonctionnant selon le principe de la triangulation des méthodes et organisant une étude multi-niveaux des phénomènes représentationnels. Grâce au partenariat scientifique avec la Fédération française des CECOS, nous avons rencontré des parents par recours au don de spermatozoïdes dans le cadre d’enquêtes quantitative et qualitative (entretiens individuels et focus groups). L’analyse des débats parlementaires de la révision de 2011 de la loi relative à la bioéthique complète ce design méthodologique. Les résultats ont permis de mettre au jour les systèmes représentationnels actualisés dans la sphère publique pour penser la parenté par recours au don, via la mise en évidence des tensions entre catégories de pensée fondamentales (thêmata) qui organisent le champ représentationnel des acteurs parlementaires. Le croisement des analyses dégage des similarités entre les logiques parentales et parlementaires (pro-anonymat) quant à cet anonymat du donneur, sans qu’il n’y ait de détermination, par ce régime anonyme, des pratiques parentales (majoritaires) de récits de sa conception à l’enfant. Les analyses des processus d’inscriptions psychosociales et culturelles du vécu de la parenté par recours au don témoignent toutefois d’un projet représentationnel partagé qui s’ancre dans des modes de parenté normalisés. Il s’actualise de manières paradoxales par un ensemble signifiant de pratiques (récits à l’enfant du recours au don ; dons d’ovocytes) qui se constituent en actions représentationnelles. La discussion souligne l’intérêt qu’il y a à considérer une pluralité de sociogenèses. Elles produisent des états représentationnels composites et la complexité de phénomènes en tensions, dont des actions représentationnelles transgressant et prolongeant l’ordre établi des attendus culturels et des rapports sociaux. / This thesis focuses on the representational systems involved in family building through sperm donation. Drawing on psychosocial theories, it investigates the logic behind these systems and their efficacy in social practices. Specifically, we explore how anthropological issues to do with kinship/relatedness and giving-receiving relationships are transformed into common sense knowledge in the case of sperm donation. This issue is considered using a sociogenetic approach, through the lens of social representations theory. Adopting this theoretical perspective allowed us to trace the elements and milestones of the processes of symbolic coping at play among those whose task is to institutionalise these practices, and among those who experience them.We developed a research programme organised according to principles of method triangulation, hence conducting multi-level studies of representational phenomena. Owing to our scientific partnership with the French federation of CECOS (certified clinics), we conducted quantitative and qualitative research (interviews and focus groups) with parents who conceived their children using sperm donation. A further aspect of our research was based upon an analysis of parliamentary debates regarding the 2011 revision to bioethics legislation in France.Our findings indicated the significance of representational systems for meaning making about parenthood through sperm donation. Specifically, the representational fields of parliamentary players were shown to be organised by tensions between fundamental categories of thought (themata). We found similarities between parental and parliamentary logics that both favoured anonymity, but no relationship between parents’ disclosure decisions and donor anonymity. We did however observe that parents make sense of sperm donation through a shared - yet negotiated - representational project anchored in a rather traditional family model. This project was found to be enacted paradoxically by a set of significant practices (disclosure strategies; egg donation) that constitute representational actions.Our discussion underlines the intense dynamic that underpins the investigated representational systems, studied in different areas of production and transformation. It leads to complex and tense representational phenomena, including actions that transgress and prolong the established cultural and social order.

This paper contributes to the discussion on the effects of single motherhood on happiness. We use a mixed-method approach. First, based on indepth interviews with mothers who gave birth while single, we explore mechanisms through which children may influence mothers' happiness. In a second step, we analyze panel survey data to quantify this influence. Our results leave no doubt that, while raising a child outside of marriage poses many challenges, parenthood has some positive influence on a lone mother's life. Our qualitative evidence shows that children are a central point in an unmarried woman's life, and that many life decisions are taken with consideration of the child's welfare, including escaping from pathological relationships. Our quantitative evidence shows that, although the general level of happiness among unmarried women is lower than among their married counterparts, raising a child does not have a negative impact on their happiness.

[pt] Paul Karl Feyerabend é geralmente conhecido como o filósofo da ciência contrário à idéia de um método científico único, à racionalidade e à ciência enquanto conhecimento privilegiado. Defendendo o anarquismo epistemológico, Feyerabend afirmou que, em se tratando de regras metodológicas para a ciência, a única regra possível é tudo vale. Por entendermos que essa imagem é excessivamente simplificadora da epistemologia proposta por Feyerabend, pretendemos mostrar que este filósofo foi muito mais um ardoroso crítico da uniformidade e defensor da diversidade quanto às formas de conhecimento e visões de mundo, do que um opositor da ciência per se. Sob esse enfoque, a obra feyerabendiana ocupa uma posição diferenciada no debate sobre a racionalidade ou não da ciência, uma vez que sua abordagem vai além das propostas irracionalistas relativistas que afirmam a influência de fatores não racionais no desenvolvimento do conhecimento dito científico. Nesta pesquisa, daremos ênfase às teses feyerabendianas que trazem um alerta quanto à falta de crítica aos cânones científicos - Objetividade, Razão e Verdade - enquanto legitimadores da primazia da ciência sobre outras formas de conhecimento. Além disso, iremos discutir as conseqüências indesejáveis que a ausência dessa crítica traz, não apenas no âmbito da filosofia da ciência como também ao desenvolvimento desse conhecimento e, principalmente, à realização da individualidade, da liberdade e das potencialidades humanas. / [en] Paul Karl Feyerabend is generally known as the philosopher of science against the idea of a unique scientific method, rationality and the view that science is a privileged form of knowledge. He proposed and defended epistemological anarchism and argued that, regarding scientific methodological rules, the only possible rule is anything goes. Since we consider this general image a simplification of Feyerabend´s epistemology, we intend to show that this philosopher was much more a critic of uniformity and a defender of diversity, when it comes to different forms of knowledge and worldviews, than an opponent of science per se. From this point of view, Feyerabend´s writings occupy a special standing in the rationality of science debate, since his approach goes beyond the irrationalist relativist positions that state the influence of irrational factors in the development of so called scientific knowledge. In this research, we shall emphasize those feyerabendian arguments that constitute an alert towards the lack of a critical attitude regarding scientific standards - Objectivity, Reason and Truth - as providers of a legitimate privilege of science in relation to other forms of knowledge. In addition, we shall also discuss the undesirable consequences of this lack of criticism not only within the philosophy of science but also for the development of scientific knowledge itself and, over all, for the accomplishment of individuality, of liberty and of the human potential.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an important social problem, but historically the scientific research has focused mostly on the female victims. Several reviews exist on female victims, but no on male victims. The prevalence rates presented in the literature are very heterogeneous, which has been explained by variations in methodology, a lack of a clear recognized definition and a missing golden standard. This thesis reviews prevalence rates in studies on IPV with a male victim, and answers the following questions; (1) What are the total prevalence rates in relation to the different study characteristics and do we see any significant differences within these characteristics? (2) How does the definition of intimate partner violence and study characteristics affect the prevalence rate? (3) What type of relationship do we see between the quality of studies and prevalence rate?A systematic review has been carried out resulting in 49 relevant studies on male victims of IPV. The data from these 49 studies have been extracted based on the operationalization of “definition” in categories of type of violence, type of instrument and number of survey questions and in the operationalization of study quality based on a quality index by Looney et al. (2000). A students t-test and linear regression models was conducted to answer the research questions. This study finds that men are more often victims of psychological violence than physical violence, which is in contrast to female victims. The study also finds that the introduction of each of the definition-variables results in higher prevalence rates. This indicates, that factors related to the definition are important elements in the study of IPV prevalence in male victims.

No description available.