La investigación se enmarca en el enfoque ambiental que deben atender las instituciones educativas ante la urgencia que existe de actuar y asumir compromisos ambientales por amenazas ambientales locales, regionales y globales. Entonces, corresponde al docente aplicar estrategias metodológicas en la formación ambiental. La investigación nos brindará información de las acciones que viene realizando el docente desde su área de aprendizaje y poder identificar las estrategias aplicadas que permitan identificar y analizar un problema ambiental de su entorno para promover conciencia ambiental en los estudiantes. / The research is part of the environmental approach that educational institutions must address in the face of the urgency that exists to act and make environmental commitments for local, regional and global environmental threats. The, it is up to the teacher to apply methodological strategies in environmental training. The research will provide us with information about the actions that the teacher has been taking from his area of learning and be able to identify the strategies applied to identify and analyze an environmental problem of their environment to promote environmental awareness in students.

In rural areas, access to electricity is required for better living standard, enhance income options and reduce population migration. In last decades, steady progress has been made but the status of electrification significantly varies across countries. In developing countries, about 1.6 billion people live without electricity and another 2 billion have access but to an unreliable extent. Large population also live in remote areas where extension of grid is not feasible, where people continuing to live under distress conditions. International projections reveal that number of un-electrified people will remain same by the year 2030 if similar pace of electrification is continued in future.From this perspective, the study describes what bigger countries such as India, China and Brazil are doing and where rural electrification stands in priority in a poor country like Ethiopia. Is off-grid technologies show an option for such remote locations" The two case studies of Vietnam and South Africa reveal that work carried out through external support in the absence of national policies. As a result, people have experienced the benefits of technologies but unable to retain them in long term. Electricity has given various advantages but poor affordability of the people hinders the acceptance of technologies in rural areas.The study shows the need of a framework to achieve the long-term support for rural electrification. A framework that could direct the national priorities, understands social, economic and environmental aspects of off-grid technologies, identify key areas to be strengthen, allocates the roles and responsibilities at different working levels, maintains a consistent flow of adequate finance, pursue regular monitoring process and incorporate the monitoring results, or, critical success factors into the national policies to make them more effective. Both macro- as well as micro- level approaches have been suggested in this study.

Introduction/Background Elite ice hockey is a highly physiological demanding team sport of intermittent character and high levels of performance are required over 6-8 months. There are benefits by designing a training program that includes the manipulation of training through its periodization and programming to achieve peak performance at set dates. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in training program design between higher- and lower-performing teams in the Swedish Hockey League. Method Four differently performing teams were selected from a performance ranking system. The teams were divided into a higher-performing and lower-performing group. After receiving their verbal approval, an information document and a consent form were digitally sent to the teams’ representatives to obtain their written consent. Subsequently, the teams received a survey consisting of 177 questions that contained single, multiple, ranking and graded-choice questions about their training program design. Intra- and inter-group differences were analyzed with a descriptive statistical calculation of percentage. Results The intra-group analysis revealed a 77,9% difference in the lower-performing team group and 74,5% difference between teams in the higher-performing group. The inter-group difference was found to be 92,7%. The highest amount of inter-group difference (60,5%) was found in questions with no intra-group similarity, whereas 1,1% reveled intra-group different but intra-group similar results. Conclusion This study shows that there are significant differences in training program design between higher- and lower-performing teams as well as significant differences between teams in the lower-performing and higher-performing-group. Some discussed results seem to indicate that higher-performing teams tend to focus more on power, maximal strength and endurance training as well as on its individualization. However, due to the complexity of elite ice hockey, the intra- and inter-group heterogeneity and the shortcomings of the study design, these variables cannot be taken as team key performance indicators.

In designing inventories of wildland vegetation, two of the many basic methodological choices are: 1) whether data are collected, reduced, and stored in discrete classes or as continuous variables, and 2) whether data are gathered as general purpose variables to bear upon many questions, or as specific purpose variables optimized for only one type of prediction. The effects of these two choices on accuracy of vegetation inventories to predict plant community production were examined by comparing regression models built upon differing sets of independent variables "inventoried" from a common data base. Contrary to expectations, discrete variables of classified community types were better predictors of plant community production than the same vegetation data reduced as continuous variables by three ordination techniques. Substitution of specific purpose soil and vegetation variables thought to be especially relevant to production did not improve correlations from those of analogous general purpose variables. These results do not show the anticipated accuracy loss of general purpose inventory variables, but such findings cannot yet be generalized to other situations. Implications for the design of practical, extensive survey methods for wildland vegetation are briefly discussed.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / This study focuses on the learning experiences of adult learners entering higher education for the first time. Based in the Department of Adult Education and Extra-Mural Studies at the University of Cape Town, it analyses the experiences of successful adult learners on the first year (1995) of a formal Certificate Programme in Adult Education, Training and Development. The study concludes that the ways in which contexts and learning relate is complex. We need to understand that it is at the intersection of the individual and the social that meaning is made and negotiated in learning. This understanding, it is argued, is crucial to better understand the relationship between access, learning and success - within but also across contexts. The implications of this are raised tentatively by looking at alternative approaches to curriculum development and teaching-learning processes.

A theory of harmony plays a determinant role in the epistemology of tonal structure in music of the common practice, a fact that Schenkerian tonal theorists have long struggled to account for because of the polemical denials issued by Heinrich Schenker regarding the role that harmonic concepts derived from Rameau play in his theoretical frameworks (Schenker [1930] 2014). Attempts have been made recently to rectify the incongruity between Schenker’s uncompromisingly monist musical philosophy and the often-unspoken harmonic premises his ideas rely on (Yust 2015, 2018), but many aspects of how theories of functional harmony relate to the hierarchical structuration of musical time through prolongational processes remain undefined and underexamined. In this thesis, I fill in the lacuna of harmonic accounts in post-Schenkerian frameworks of tonal structure through Harmonic Regional Theory, which defines tonal harmonic process as a containment hierarchy of timespans. Using this framework, I outline a discovery process for properties of tonal stability (Yust 2018, 32) possessed by events and prolongational processes that understands these qualities as the product of stabilizing “forces” (Larson 2012) propagated by the structural influence harmonic-regional “fields” (Quinn 2020). The result is an epistemic model with tremendous analytical utility in both formal and informal analyses of tonal structure, the proof-of-concept for which is provided through the implementation of harmonic-regional theory in an automated analysis of tonal-melodic structure in Beethoven, op. 13, ii.

The study is devoted to the development of a training manual for those who continue or improve their education, which is aimed at independent mastery of German vocabulary determined by a guided tour of Yekaterinburg, as well as the formation of the ability to operate this vocabulary during a guided tour of Yekaterinburg or its sequential translation. During the study, the entry flow of German tourists to Yekaterinburg was analyzed and their attitude to the city was determined. In addition, features were identified during the training of guide-translators and the existing methodological support for them was analyzed. They also examined approaches to teaching foreign languages and developed exercises based on predefined topics and lexical material in accordance with the lesson for the manual on the development of the lexical skills of German-speaking guide-translators in Yekaterinburg. In conclusion, the content of the training manual was described. In the course of the study, one of the versions of the training manual on the development of lexical skills of German-speaking guide-translators in Yekaterinburg was developed. The created training manual will be able to facilitate the preparation of excursion texts for beginner guide-translators and facilitate their adaptation to the specifics of the profession, as well as increase the level of excursions, as uniformity in translation can reduce the tourists' search for information on the Internet, guidebooks, books and other resources, as well as prevent possible distortions in understanding information. / Исследование посвящено разработке учебного пособия для продолжающих или совершенствующих свое образование, которое направленно на самостоятельное овладение немецкой лексикой, детерминированной обзорной экскурсией по Екатеринбургу, а также на формирование умения оперировать этой лексикой во время проведения обзорной экскурсии по Екатеринбургу или ее последовательного перевода. В процессе исследования был проанализирован въездной поток немецких туристов в Екатеринбург и было определено их отношение к городу. Помимо этого, были выявлены особенности при обучении гидов-переводчиков и было проанализировано уже существующее методическое обеспечение для них. Также были рассмотрены подходы к обучению иностранным языкам и разработаны упражнения на основе заданных тем и лексического материала в соответствии с этапом урока для учебного пособия по развитию лексических навыков немецкоговорящих гидов-переводчиков в Екатеринбурге. В заключении было описано содержание учебного пособия. В процессе исследования был разработан один из вариантов учебного пособия по развитию лексических навыков немецкоговорящих гидов-переводчиков в Екатеринбурге. Созданное учебное пособие сможет облегчить подготовку текстов экскурсий начинающих гидов-переводчиков и облегчит их адаптацию к специфике профессии, а также повысит уровень проводимых экскурсий, так как единообразие в переводе может сократить поиск туристами нужной информации в интернете, путеводителях, книгах и других ресурсах, а также предотвратить возможные искажения в понимании информации.

Methodological studies of health research are undertaken to investigate the practice of research. They have been instrumental in inciting developments in the design, conduct, analysis, and reporting of health research. Due in part to the field’s diversity, these studies can be difficult to identify in databases. As these studies have not been comprehensively examined to date, the overarching goal of this thesis was to characterize methodological studies and to investigate how they have been labelled and reported in the literature. First, we demonstrate how methodological studies are conducted to provide guidance to end-users—in this case physiatrists and rehabilitation researchers—in a methods guidance paper on pilot and feasibility studies (PAFS), a type of health research design. Second, we performed a pilot study testing the feasibility of searching for and identifying methodological studies in literature databases. Third, based on the pilot study findings and previous research, we outline a protocol for the development of a reporting guideline for methodological studies of health research. Lastly, as part of the first phase of the reporting guideline development process, we performed a review of methodological studies focusing on those that specifically investigated PAFS. In a case study of rehabilitation research, a third of studies labelled as PAFS did not outline any feasibility outcomes, and few provided progression plans to definitive studies. Guidance was focused on providing recommendations and resources for assessing feasibility to help reduce the prevalence of small studies disguised as PAFS, which wastes research resources. In the pilot of methodological studies, preliminary findings on nomenclature and reporting reinforced the notion that there are many names used to describe studies with similar intentions. It was also determined feasible to build a search strategy to identify methodological studies in literature databases. Subsequent findings from the review of methodological studies illustrated that reporting practices are the most common aspect of research investigated. Study design names such as ‘methodological review’, ‘systematic review’, and ‘systematic survey’ were often used to describe studies with similar motives, i.e., to synthesize data from previously published research, whether the synthesis approach was quantitative or qualitative. Existing reporting checklists were rarely used, and when used not appended, possibly due to irrelevance of fields oriented to studies with persons. This work demonstrates the necessity and importance of consensus on reporting and nomenclature for making methodological studies more accessible to the health research community. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Echoing through the lecture theatres, conference halls and pages of the contemporary Urban Studies discourse is the oft-repeated refrain that today over half the world’s population live in urban areas, and that by 2050 this proportion is expected to be upwards of 70%. The place of the leftover 50% of people inhabiting a vast and seemingly forgotten 98% of the planet’s rural territory is externalised, apparently lying outside the purview of marching urbanisation. Yet the theory of ‘Planetary Urbanisation’ has emerged in recent years positing a contentious epistemological questioning of Urban Studies’ focus sites, objects and processes. In this it argues for a reorientation of the field towards the ignored rural hinterlands of ‘extended urbanity’ falling under the influence of the fluid process of urbanisation which is transforming the countryside through processes of rationalisation, functionalisation and disintegration. Critiqued as overly abstract, empirically shallow and puritanically ignoring form, this paper investigates and experiments with the theory of planetary urbanisation in a grounded study of a corridor of the Swedish countryside and the village of Röstånga. It does so by a concrete, detailed and dualistic approach to sites of extended urbanisation, integrating both form and process in its analysis. This research exercises this analysis through extricating the city-bound flâneur out into the non-city through a phenomenological 60km, 2 day walk from the city of Malmö to Röstånga. Arriving in Röstånga, this paper then turns its attention to multiple, triangulated methodologies of mapping, observations and interviewing in order to bind our flâneur reflections to the built environment of rurality. In doing so, this research details a changing spatial and social landscape of the Skåne countryside and the village of Röstånga with results exposing an urbanised rurality of hybridity, control and decay and a village of operationalised suburbia, of an externally orientated centre and of disparate social innovations. A discussion of these results then exposes a rural realm simultaneously surrendering to its new reality of extended urbanity and desperately searching for meaning and purpose within it; a landscape wilting under what this paper terms as the shadow of post-political urbanisation. This research than calls for ‘politics of the possible’ in a re-politicisation of the rural and concludes by challenging planners, architects and governments to re-imagine alternatives for this vital if forgotten space.