CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A ideia da inferiorizaÃÃo da mulher tem sido disseminada nas civilizaÃÃes orientais e ocidentais. Tal concepÃÃo atingiu o seu Ãpice na Idade MÃdia, sobretudo, durante os sÃculos XIII e XIV, quando a Igreja CatÃlica controlava com severidade a vida social e religiosa dos cristÃos â em especial da mulher â respaldada nos dogmas religiosos atravÃs da InquisiÃÃo. Essa mentalidade misÃgina ganhou forÃa e adeptos e perdurou pelos sÃculos subsequentes, sendo residual na literatura de cordel contemporÃnea e perceptÃvel atravÃs da vivÃncia, do vocabulÃrio e das expressÃes usadas pelos cordelistas para descrever e retratar a mulher. O discurso literÃrio de carÃter popular tambÃm denota uma relaÃÃo de poder velada, na qual a mulher à rotulada de inferior e de pecadora. Cristalizado ao longo dos sÃculos, este pensamento chegou à contemporaneidade ocorrendo nas manifestaÃÃes literÃrias. Como a sociedade nordestina Ã, em grande parte, patriarcal e machista em suas raÃzes culturais, os quais sÃo refletidos e percebidos na produÃÃo da literatura popular em verso, quando os cordelistas constroem suas narrativas a partir de elementos sociais, culturais e religiosos, os quais remontam, geralmente, ao pensamento da Idade MÃdia. Pretende-se com este trabalho identificar, a partir da leitura e da anÃlise de cordÃis, a moral misÃgina e a construÃÃo das personagens femininas como resÃduos dessa mentalidade herdada do medievo, presentes nas narrativas populares. Para tanto, a Teoria da Residualidade, bem como os seus conceitos correlatos, a saber: Residualidade, CristalizaÃÃo, Mentalidade e Hibridismo Cultural, à a base condutora dessas anÃlises. ApÃs a anÃlise dos cordÃis, ficou claro que os termos e as expressÃes, bem como a moral religiosa, referentes ao universo feminino reforÃam e confirmam o pensamento dos clÃrigos medievais de que a origem do mal està na mulher, na sua essÃncia. Nesse contexto, o cordel configura-se como um instrumento de manutenÃÃo da ordem social e da preservaÃÃo da moral e dos bons costumes, segundo a mentalidade cristÃ. / The inferiorityÂs idea of women has been widespread in eastern and western civilizations. This design reached its apex in the Middle Ages, especially during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, when the Catholic Church severally controlled the social and religious life of Christians - especially women - backed by the religious tenets trough the Inquisition. That mentality misogynist supporters and gained strength and continued by subsequent centuries, being in the residual pulp fiction and contemporary perceptible through the experience, vocabulary and expressions used by cordelistas to describe and portray women. The popular character of literary discourse also denotes a relationship of power veiled in which the woman is labeled as inferior and sinful. Crystallized over the centuries, this thought came to the events taking place in contemporary literature. The BrazilÂs northeast is largely patriarchal and sexist in its cultural roots, which are observed in the production of popular literature in verse, when the cordelistas construct their narratives from the social, cultural and religious, which back, usually at the thought of the Middle Ages. The aim of this work was to identify, from the reading and analysis of cordage, misogynist morality and the construction of the female characters such as waste mentality inherited from the Middle Ages, found in popular narratives. Therefore, the Teoria da Residualidade, and its related concepts, namely: Residual, CristalizaÃÃo, Mentalidade and HibridaÃÃo Cultural is the basis of this analysis. After analyzing the cordÃis, it was clear that the terms and expressions, as well as religious morality, referring to the feminine reinforce and confirm the thinking of medieval clerics that the origin of evil lies with the woman, in essence. In this context, the line appears as an instrument for maintaining social order and the preservation of morals and morality, according to the Christian mentality.

Durante a Idade Média, o homem português expressava sua fé de algumas formas. A peregrinação se constituía em uma dessas formas. Neste sentido, observamos um Mosteiro na região da Estremadura Castelhana, onde frades da Ordem de São Jerônimo guardavam uma imagem de Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe. Este Mosteiro foi alvo de peregrinação de simples portugueses, passando por membros de vários estratos sociais e até de um monarca, D. Afonso V. Para analisarmos esta peregrinação no século XV, utilizamos como fonte o Livro de Milagres do Mosteiro, onde os Jerónimos recolhiam os motivos da peregrinação e, assim, possuindo instrumentos para a divulgação do culto à virgem de Guadalupe. A análise da documentação leva-nos a descobrir aspectos da espiritualidade do português medieval, assim como também a observarmos que não somente de fé vivia a rota para o Mosteiro, visto que um jogo político igualmente fazia sua peregrinação. / During the Middle Age, portuguese man used to express their faith in many ways. Peregrination was one of theses ways. In this sense, we observed a Monastery located in the region of the Castilian Extremadura, in which friars of the Order of Saint Jerome kept an image of Saint Mary of Guadalupe. This Monastery was the target of peregrination of mere Portuguese man, members of different social classes and even a monarch, D. Afonso V. The analysis of XV century peregrination was based on the Book of Miracles of the Monastery, where hieronymites collected the reasons of the peregrination and, thus, had instruments to spread the cult to the virgin of Guadalupe. The analysis of the documentations reveals aspects of Portuguese man spirituality. We also observe that the route for the Monastery was not motivated only by faith, considering that the peregrination also constituted a political game.

Decreased testosterone levels (hypogonadism) in middle-aged men (aged 45-64) has been associated with increased levels of depression. Studies have suggested that increases in anxiety and/or attention problems may also be associated with hypogonadism but have not provided empirical evidence to support these suggestions. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine depression, anxiety, and attention problems in middle-aged men using a psychological self-report inventory. The theoretical model used in this study was the biomedical model, which combined pharmacological treatment with psychological self-report inventories to determine if there was an association or relationship between the testosterone levels in men and the psychological distress experienced by men who have become hypogonadal. A total of 179 males were recruited through local physicians. There was a statistically significant difference and a small size effect in the level of depression, anxiety, and/or attention issues experienced by those who were receiving TRT versus those who were not. This study may provide some guidance to medical clinicians, such as psychiatrists, primary-care physicians, and endocrinologists, as well as clinical psychologists who see middle-aged men in their practice settings.

<p>Idag lever vi i en kultur där vi objektifierar våra kroppar och utseendet blir allt viktigare. Idealen är orealistiska och det kan leda till skamkänslor, kroppsmissnöje, depression och lägre självkänsla. Studien undersökte hur relationen mellan självobjektifierng och självkänsla ser ut hos medelålders kvinnor och män.  Enkätstudien omfattade 111 personer mellan 40 och 65 år. Av dessa var 68 kvinnor och 43 män. Som mätinstrument användes ”The Self-Objectification Questionnaire”, en skala som mäter självobjektifiering och ”Basic Self-esteem Scale” samt ”Earning Self-esteem Scale” som båda mäter självkänsla. Huvudfynden i studien var att det fanns könsskillnader och skillnad beroende på ålder vad gäller relationen mellan självobjektifiering och självkänsla. De äldre männen med högre nivå av självobjektifiering hade lägre bas-självkänsla än männen i den yngre åldersgruppen. För kvinnorna i den höga självobjektifieringsgruppen visades en lägre bas-självkänsla men högre förvärvad självkänsla</p>

The University of Gotland has between the years 2006-2011 conducted seminar excavations in Västergarn parish, Gotland. During this time 167 comb fragments have been registered. Out of these are 51 of importance for this study, since they are defined as either a single-sided composite comb or a comb case. The purpose of this thesis is to enlighten the earliest period in the history of Västergarn by focusing on the earliest forms of combs and their cases. And as the title expresses do the combs date to the Viking Age or the Middle Ages? The combs from the excavations will be compared to different type schemes, both Viking Age and Middle Age and different places in Scandinavia such as Lund, Oslo, Lödöse and Gotland. The conclusion of the analysis is that the combs from Västergarn are from the late 11th century to the early 13th century, during the Early Middle Age.

Idag lever vi i en kultur där vi objektifierar våra kroppar och utseendet blir allt viktigare. Idealen är orealistiska och det kan leda till skamkänslor, kroppsmissnöje, depression och lägre självkänsla. Studien undersökte hur relationen mellan självobjektifierng och självkänsla ser ut hos medelålders kvinnor och män.  Enkätstudien omfattade 111 personer mellan 40 och 65 år. Av dessa var 68 kvinnor och 43 män. Som mätinstrument användes ”The Self-Objectification Questionnaire”, en skala som mäter självobjektifiering och ”Basic Self-esteem Scale” samt ”Earning Self-esteem Scale” som båda mäter självkänsla. Huvudfynden i studien var att det fanns könsskillnader och skillnad beroende på ålder vad gäller relationen mellan självobjektifiering och självkänsla. De äldre männen med högre nivå av självobjektifiering hade lägre bas-självkänsla än männen i den yngre åldersgruppen. För kvinnorna i den höga självobjektifieringsgruppen visades en lägre bas-självkänsla men högre förvärvad självkänsla

Title: Research on middle-age worker¡¦s stressors and withdrawal behaviors Student: Tzu Hui Liao Advisor: Jin Feng Uen By the trend of decreasing baby-bust and early-retirement, the labor force structure has changed. Middle age and older workers will become increasingly prevalent in the work place. The impact of an aging workforce raises the height-light issues facing employees today. During the global economic crisis in 2008, there are many business enterprises chose to lay off employees massively or offer unpaid leaves. And the middle age and older workers are the main target. Thus, this worker issue has become more and more important. Attention is mainly given to the human resource policies which may impact middle age workers such as performance management, selection and training etc. Less research has focused on attitudes toward the elderly held by middle-aged adults themselves. The presence of ageism in our society is of mounting concern with regard to the changing demographic shape of the workforce. Governments and organizations have become interested in the middle-age worker on performance, training, in recent years. Middle-age worker has numerous life and working experiences, so their mental and physical attitudes may vary form the ones held by the freshmen in labor market. Therefore, this research aims to explore on middle-age workers and withdrawal behaviors in depth in order to development the best human resource practices.

Vis dažniau užsienio ir Lietuvos mokslininkai pastebi, kad dvasinis žmogaus pasaulis siejasi su jo subjektyviai suvokiama gerove, psichikos sveikata bei psichologiniu atsparumu (Aukst-Margetic, Margetic, 2005; Clark, Friedman, Martin, 2005; Maddi, Brow, Khoshaba, Vaitkus, 2006; Berg, Hassing, McClearn, Johansson, 2006). Tačiau Lietuvoje šie klausimai dar nedaug nagrinėti (Laurinavičiūtė, 2004). Ypač menkas šios temos ištirtumas vidutinio amžiaus žmonių grupėje (Ryan, Caltabiano, 2009; Shen, Zeng, 2010). Šio darbo tikslas – nustatyti vidutinio amžiaus žmonių religingumo, psichologinio atsparumo ir subjektyviai vertinamos psichikos ypatumus bei sąsajas skirtingose socialinėse-demografinėse grupėse. Tyrime dalyvavo 164 vidutinio amžiaus (40-65 metų, amžiaus vidurkis 51,12 ± 8,1 metų) žmonės; iš jų 36,6 proc. (n=60) vyrų ir 63,4 proc. (n=104) moterų. Norint nustatyti vidutinio amžiaus žmonių subjektyviai vertinamą psichikos sveikatą, naudotas psichikos sveikatos klausimynas (angl. The General Health Questionnaire, 12-GHQ, Goldberg, 1970). Vidutinio amžiaus žmonių psichologinis atsparumas nustatytas naudojant dispozicinį psichologinio atsparumo skalę (angl. Dispositional Resilience Scale, DRS15-R, Bartone, 2007), o religingumas - naudojant vidinio ir išorinio religingumo skalę (angl. Age-Universal” I-E Scale–12, Gorsuch & Venable, 1983). Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad vidutinio amžiaus žmonių religingumas, psichologinis atsparumas ir subjektyvus savo psichikos sveikatos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / More and more frequently, both Lithuanian and foreign scholars note that the spiritual world of an individual is related with his/her subjectively conceived welfare, psychical health and psychological resilience (Aukst-Margetic, Margetic, 2005; Clark, Friedman, Martin, 2005; Maddi, Brow, Khoshaba, Vaitkus, 2006; Berg, Hassing, McClearn, Johansson, 2006). However, this research in Lithuania has been scarce (Laurinavičiūtė, 2004), and this topic has been particularly under-researched in the middle-aged segment of the population (Ryan, Caltabiano, 2009; Shen, Zeng, 2010). The aim of the present work is to establish the relationship among the religiousness of the middle-aged population, their psychological resilience and subjectively conceived psychical health. 164 individuals of middle age (40 to 65 years old; age average 51.12 ± 8.1 years)took part in the research; among them, 36.6 per cent males (n=60) and 63.4 per cent females (n=104). In order to establish the subjectively assessed psychical health of the middle-aged population, The General Health Questionnaire, 12-GHQ, developed by Goldberg, (1970) was employed. The psychological resilience of the middle-aged population was established by applying the Dispositional Resilience Scale, DRS15-R, developed by Bartone, (2007) while religiousness was identified by employing the Age-Universal” I-E Scale–12 developed by Gorsuch & Venable (1983). The results of the research revealed that the religiousness, psychological resilience... [to full text]

Tyrimo objektas: vidutinio amžiaus žmonių fizinio aktyvumo su jų gyvenimo kokybe sąsajos. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti vidutinio amžiaus žmonių fizinio aktyvumo sąsajas su jų gyvenimo kokybe. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Ištirti Kauno miesto vidutinio amžiaus gyventojų gyvenimo kokybę; 2. Išsiaiškinti veiksnius, įtakojančius gyvenimo kokybę; 3. Sužinoti vidutinio amžiaus gyventojų fizinio aktyvumo ypatumus; 4. Išsiaiškinti priežastis, trukdančiais vidutinio amžiaus gyventojams užsiimti aktyvia fizine veikla. Tyrimo hipotezės: 1. Sveikatos gerinimas ir fizinio aktyvumo didinimas yra esminiais gyvenimo kokybės gerinimo rodikliais. 2. Didesnis fizinis aktyvumas teikia visapusišką naudą ir gerina sveikatą. 3. Didžioji vidutinio amžiaus gyventojų dalis yra mažai fiziškai aktyvūs dėl laiko stokos ir per didelio fizinio užimtumo. Tiriamieji:117 Kauno miesto gyventojų. Tyrimo metodai: Literatūros analizė, anketinė apklausa ir matematinė statistika. Išvados: Atliktame tyrime dalyvavo 117 respondentų, kurių didesnę dalį sudarė moterys, aukštesnį išsilavinimą bei nuolatinį darbą turintys žmonės. Savo gyvenimo kokybę didžioji dalis respondentų įvardino vidutiniška arba bloga. Tokias respondentų nuostatas daugiausia nulėmė vidiniai veiksniai. Gyvenimo kokybę įtakoja tiek objektyvūs rodikliai, tiek ir subjektyvus vertinimas. Veiksniai, labiausiai įtakojančiais gyvenimo kokybę respondentai nurodė sveikatą, materialinę gerovę bei santykius šeimoje. Fizinis aktyvumas kaip geros gyvenimo kokybės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of the study: links between physical activity of middle-aged population and their quality of life. Purpose of the study: to determine links between physical activity of middle-aged population and their quality of life. Objectives of the study: 1. To explore the quality of life of middle-aged population of Kaunas city; 2. To determine factors influencing the quality of life; 3. To find out peculiarities of physical activity of middle-aged population; 4. To find out the reasons that impedes middle-aged population to be engaged in the active physical activity. Hypotheses of the study: 1. Improving health and increasing of physical activity are the essential indicators of enhancement of the quality of life. 2. Increased physical activity provides comprehensive benefits and improves health. 3. The majority of middle-aged population is a little physically active due to the lack of time and physical over-employment. Subjects:117 residents of Kaunas City Methods of the study: The analysis of literature, questionnaire and mathematical statistics. Conclusions: The study involved 117 respondents with a higher of women and people having higher education and a regular job. The majority of respondents named the quality of their life as average or poor. These attitudes of respondents were mainly determined due to internal factors. The quality of life is influenced by both objective indicators, as well as a subjective assessment. According to the respondents factors that... [to full text]

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1999. / Restricted until June 2000. Bibliography: leaves 159-173.