Near Field Communication (NFC) är en teknik som möjliggjort utvecklingen av vardagliga betalningar med hjälp av mobiltelefonen. I Sverige är betalningar med NFC-tekniken i mobiltelefoner fortfarande i introduktionsfasen. För att denna teknik ska ha möjlighet att fungera som ett komplement till redan befintliga betallösningar, granskas därför möjligheten för NFC-teknik som betallösningsmetod med inriktning på säkerhetsaspekter. Syftet med uppsatsen är att granska säkerhetsaspekter för NFC-teknik som mobil betallösningsmetod samt analysera dessa aspekter för att få djupare kunskap för NFC-teknologins möjligheter. Kunskapen har erhållits genom en litteraturstudie samt kompletterande av en intervju för att få bredd i informationsbehandlingen. Resultatet av studien visar att NFC-teknologin som betallösningsmetod kan påverkas av ett antal säkerhetsaspekter. För att NFC-tekniken skall nå en bredd i marknaden måste flertalet aktörer samarbeta för en standardisering i användandet av tekniken. / Near Field Communication (NFC) is a technology that enables the development of payments using the mobile phone. In Sweden, payments with NFC technology in mobile phones are still in the introductory phase. To ensure that the proposed technology can be utilized as a complement to existing payment options, one must consider the safety aspects of said construct. In this thesis we will review the technology with a focus on safety aspects. The purpose of this thesis is to review the security aspects of NFC technology for mobile payment and analyze these aspects in order to gain deeper knowledge of NFC technology opportunities. The knowledge has been obtained through a literature review, complemented by an interview to get a wide knowledge about the information. The results of the study show that NFC technology as a payment option can be affected by a number of safety issues. To ensure a viable market share, operators utilizing NFC technology must cooperate to standardize the implementation.

This thesis is aimed at cashless payments which have recently gained worldwide significance. Cash is being gradually phased-out by card transactions and mobile payments via non-bank provider of payment services. A question arises of what would happen if cash would disappear in its entirety and we would find ourselves in a "cashless society". This topic which at first glance appears to be utopian is the subject of this thesis. The first part compares the market of cashless payments in the Czech Republic and in northern Europe (which is amongst the most developed), in particular with regard to the use of cards and mobile payments. The second part is concerned with the phenomenon of shadow economy and the influence of cashless payments on its volume. Concrete recommendations for the Czech economy are also the part of this chapter. The final part hits the essence of the issue and deals with concrete pros and cons of going cashless. The chapter is systematically divided into three parts - security, cost-benefit analysis and legal aspects.

The convergence of mobile and social media, enabled by the ever-changing landscape of information and communication technologies and wireless technologies, has over the last decade, transformed our world into a Socio-Mobile Economy. Looking at the disruptive impact of this convergence on the global payment market, this study investigates the incentives behind different reactions and cooperation models that have been adopted by providers in the Swedish mobile payment market. The methodology of the study has been built on a combination of both theoretical and empirical bases. The theoretical base constitutes a literature review along the line of concepts such as innovation management, disruptive innovation, business model innovation, resource-based theory of the firm and the transaction cost theories, to identify existing gaps within the literature. The empirical base constitutes of qualitative in-depth interviews with three providers in the Swedish mobile payment market. The study shows three main reactions from the Swedish mobile payment providers. These providers have reacted to disrupt the disruption, attract a critical mass of customers, and to wrap their solutions with the right context. Currently, there is no cooperation between all three key input providers of a mobile payment solution, the banks, the MNOs and the card payment systems thus there are no full-integration or partial-integration models in the Swedish mobile payment market. Three cooperation models, the all-bank-centric, the MNO-centric and the light models were also identified in this market.

A progressive shift from cash and card –based in-store payments, towards contactless mobile payments, is currently in the making on the European market. This shift would imply payments in stores to be performed in a fast, simple, secure and preferably less costly manner, between a consumer´s mobile phone and a merchant´s payment terminal. Technologies such as Near Field Communication (NFC) and the use of Quick Response (QR) -codes, both facilitate such contactless payments, and have already built momentum in many European countries. This implies an undoubtedly very tempting new payment experience by the use of mobile phones. However, this shift entails several uncertainties and issues regarding the crystallization of the new “industry” that is forming. These issues regard social, organizational as well as market –related aspects, and adhere to stakeholders on both the provider- and user- side of contactless mobile payment products and services. It has been found that there is a great need for new research on this matter, from a more holistic perspective, where theories on industrial dynamics, developments and user adoption could be used to guide and explain these new industry-impeding issues as well as reveal new ones. This master thesis aims to answer this call – by using such theories in conjunction with a multi-stakeholder perspective from a wide base of empirically gathered data – in order to find, interpret and shed new light on key issues that impede the development and adoption of contactless mobile payments on the European market. It was deemed necessary to first conduct a thorough literature review on the current mobile payments landscape in Europe, in order to find out which key issues seem to be existent on the European market (adhering to both providers and users of mobile payment solution), with the intention to presuppose from those issues for further guidance of choices in theories and construction of empirical data gathering methodology. The theoretical framework was in such way built upon five different but highly interconnected theoretical concepts on new industry evolvement, strategy and adoption. The empirical data was gathered from a two-day conference on mobile payments in Europe, as well as from 10 in-depth interviews with different key stakeholders on the Swedish and European market. The theoretical framework and the empirical data was later merged for analysis purpose, in order to find, interpret and shed new light on these and other issues on contactless mobile payment development and adoption on the European market. This has led to some key findings or conclusions. Firstly, the literature review on the current mobile payments market in Europe revealed some key issues. On the provider-side of the stakeholder spectra; issues mainly revolve around collaboration and competition, where business models are hard to standardize due to the unevenly distributed control and power over the users. This was seen to relate heavily to the NFC Secure Element (SE) -placement, holding the consumers´ payment credentials, since different stakeholders prefer different SE -placements (on the SIM –card or integrated in the mobile phone). Some big actors have also created their own – more of end-to-end - contactless payment solutions, complicating the evolvement even further. This might further lead to issues related primarily to; early and late movers among providers, alternative mobile payment solutions, as well as issues related to interoperability between solutions/technologies as well as across borders. Security concerns have also been highlighted in the literature as a prioritized matter. Among the user-side of the stakeholder spectra; key issues relate to the adoption of in-store contactless mobile payments, such as investment costs for merchants to implement new hardware and/or software (terminals, mainly NFC -compatible), security concerns, reluctance in behavioral change among consumers´ payment habits, and uncertainties in the perceived added value through these new types of payments compared to foremost card payments. Secondly, after merging the theoretical framework with the empirical data for analysis purpose, it was revealed that the uncertain role of mobile network operators creates tensions in the ecosystem on various levels and to various extents. Secondly, preemption strategies utilized by indigenous firms in European countries shows the possibility of hampering payment interoperability, and first-movers risk hurting not only themselves, but the entire mobile payment ecosystem, if security breaches are discovered due to technological uncertainties. This is one strong reason for banks to move slower, but they mightcontradictively risk losing some of their high trustworthiness towards other stakeholders if being too passive. Moreover, two additional trade-off issues were discovered (technology/business model standardization versus innovation, and too many features in the provided offering versus too few features in the provided offering). The first of these trade-offs is further damaging for the ecosystem since there are strong differences in opinions on the matter, as well as what might increase adoption speed. The second trade-off is important to take into consideration where payment card penetration-rate is high. An additional factor carrying issues was the explicit focus of providers on only one side (consumers) in a two-sided market (consumers and merchants). Also, merchants can not be seen as a homogenous group. Finally, the “chicken and egg” –problem seem do not seem to be such a big of a problem after all.

Abstract Contactless mobile payments are a payment method done with a mobile phone and a contactless technology. Instead of paying with cash, a payment card or a cheque, a user can tap its mobile phone onto a terminal to pay. Across the globe, several markets have been embracing the need for new payment methods. In Asia, contactless mobile payments have been used since 2004. In some of the African countries, due to an insufficient banking industry, mobile payments have been the only electronic payment method. However, in Europe contactless mobile payments are still in their initial phase. The benefits of contactless mobile payments are that they are easier to use, faster and more secure. However, there are some implications. Firstly, the lack of standardisations regarding how the technology will work has led to an undefined ecosystem consisting of many stakeholders with different motives. Secondly, in order for contactless mobile payments to break significant ground the users need to change their existing payment methods and habits. This is a time consuming process, which will require consistency and patience. The research purpose of this thesis has been to define the contactless mobile payment ecosystem with its future potential on the European market. The research paradigm has been of an interpretive nature where the researchers’ interpretations on the information have been in focus. In order to answer the research purpose, an action research has been conducted, including an analysis the of Porter’s Five Forces model applied on the current contactless mobile payment ecosystem with its various stakeholders, the attendance at the annual NFC Congress in Austria as well as an experimental case study on Google. 3The findings of the action research have resulted in new definition of the current contactless mobile payment stakeholder ecosystem. In this new definition of the ecosystem, the user has been defined as the strongest force, hence has been placed in the centre encircled by mobile network operators, banks, merchants and transit authorities. In the ecosystem handset manufactures, operating system providers, technology vendors, cash handling organisations, card networks, POS terminal manufactures and governmental bodies have also been represented. The vision of the case study on Google has been to present a market entry strategy for how Google could enter the European market of contactless mobile payments. The research resulted in a proposition that Google would enter the market in the following order; the UK, France, Turkey, Russia, Germany, Spain and Italy. The conclusions of the research have been that contactless mobile payments will cut across an entire ecosystem, but that the ecosystem at the moment is not fully defined. To achieve a competitive position, a stakeholder has to deliver an outstanding user experience that is interoperable within the whole European market. Key­words: Contactless mobile payments, near field communication (NFC), mobile payment ecosystem, payment ecosystem, Google, Android

M. Tech. (Marketing, Faculty of Management Sciences), Vaal University of Technology / Keywords: Mobile payments, usefulness, ease of use, security, attitude, future intentions. An increased reliance on mobile phones by consumers for making retail purchases has been witnessed over the years. Given the pervasive use of m-payments and the incessant diffusion of innovations in South Africa, it is important for marketers to have knowledge of the right set of factors that enhance consumers’ intent towards favouring m-payments in future encounters. This study draws from the undertones of Davis’s (1989) Technology acceptance Model (TAM). Whereas the theory alludes to the influences of both usefulness and ease of use on consumer attitudes and behaviour, this study further amplifies the salience of cosumer perceptions of security as a salient drive towards m-payment acceptance. This is because m-payments involve moneybased transactions and therefore it is important for consumers to have assurance that they operate along a secure platform. The TAM was nominated as the underlying theory in this research owing to its effectiveness when applied during the initial phases of an innovation, to avoid costly mistakes of implementing innovation attributes that do not offer the requiredset of elements for persuading consumers. The purpose of this study was to test an integrative research model of the antecedents of mpayment acceptance using a South African sample of consumers. A quantitative study comprising a non-probability snowball sample of 474 consumers aged between 18 and 50 years was conducted in 2016, in and around the five major towns of Southern Gauteng province in South Africa. The structured questionnaire requested respondents to indicate their perceptions regarding the usefulness, ease of use and security of m-payment platforms they have utilised. In addition, the questionnaire relates to consumers’ attitude evaluations of m-payments in general, as well as their intentions to both use and recommending m-payments to others in the future. Initially, descriptive statistics were performed on the data set, including correlation analysis and multicolinearity testing. Subsequently, structural equation modelling was applied by first, assessing the measurement model using fit indices, confirmatory factor analysis and statistical accuracy tests of reliability and validity. Specification of the measurement model led to the conclusion that the future intentions model was a five-factor structure comprising usefulness, ease of use, security, attitude and future intentions. Thereafter, the results of the structural model (Structural model A) supported the existence of a direct influence between usefulness and security with attitude, while the latter was found to have a direct influence on future intentions. Nevertheless, the relationships between ease of use and attitude was not significant and therefore, alternative hypothesis Ha3 could not be supported in this study leading to the need to specify a vi subsequent competing model. Under Structural model B, perceived usefulness is used as both a dependent and an independent variable since it is predicted by perceived ease of use and in turn predicts attitude towards using and behavioural intention to use simultaneously. The results of Structural model B led to the decision to accept the competing model as the ultimate model for this research since the model presents complete evidence of path weights that are greater than 0.20, interpreted as evidence for significant path outcomes. Insights gained from this study could assist both marketing academics and practitioners to understand the perceptions of consumers towards m-payments. In this regard, if a determination is made that conducting m-payment transactions in secure and effort-free environments could enhance the effectiveness of consumers in their jobs and lives in general, then marketers could be in a better position to deliver a worthwhile innovation solution for South African consumers.

Svenska folket gör allt fler mobila betalningar, (Riksbanken, 2020), men trotsbeteendeförändringen som privatperson tycks situationen för svenska företag vara enannan. Näringsdepartementet (2021) konstaterar att svenska företag är kvar i analogabetalningsprocesser, en tes The World Payment Report (2020) stämmer in i samtidigt somde konstaterar att digitaliserade affärsmodeller kring B2B-betalningar förutspås ha storutvecklingspotential.Hur ser det då ut inom forskningen på mobila betalningar? I sammanställningen avDahlberg et al (2015; 2008) befaras forskningens perspektiv varit allt för fokuserat påprivatpersoner vilket skapat ett gap mellan praxis och den akademiska världen.Den här studien syftar till att belysa Svenska mikroföretagares situation genom att titta påhur Svenska mikroföretagare använder tjänster kopplade till mobila betalningar, vad derasförväntningar är och hur tjänsterna uppfyller mikroföretagens behov.Detta gjordes med utgångspunkt i ett teoretiskt ramverk utvecklat av Apanasevic et al(2016) vilket lämpar sig väl då det dels bidrar till med ett nytt perspektiv på frågor som rörmobila betalmedel samt lägger stor vikt vid respondenternas förväntningar. Med entolkande forskningsmetod genomfördes studien som kvalitativ studie där sju kvalitativa,semistrukturerade intervjuer analyserades tematiskt.Studien kom fram till att svenska mikroföretagares adoption till mobila betaltjänster skiljersig kraftigt. Från att sköta hela företagets ekonomi genom en app till att främst användamobila betalmedel i situationsanpassade händelser, eller att inte alls nyttja mobilabetalmedel. Studien visar även att förväntningen när en företagare går över till ett mobiltbetalmedel är att digitalisera en manuell tidskrävande process. Har detta gjorts helhjärtatär företagarna nöjda med den mobila tjänsten och förväntningarna infrias. Integreradesystem, framförallt med bokföringen är mycket positivt. I likhet med tidigare forskningupplevs en snabb, smidig och tydlig tjänst positivt, och dess motsatser som negativt.Företagarna resonerar kring interna affärsmöjligheter, att tjänsten sparar dem tid, då tid ärpengar. Detta skiljer sig från studier som ser till handlare och privatkund, där tidigarestudier så som Mallat (2007) och Apanasevic et al (2016) snarare fokuserar på att en mobilbetaltjänst skapar externa affärsmöjligheter som kan locka kunder eller mer försäljning.För framtida forskning föreslås fallstudier på några av de mobila tjänster som nämns idenna studie, i enlighet med att fortsatt vidga perspektivet inom mobila betalningar. / The Swedish people are making more and more mobile payments, (Riksbanken, 2020), but despite the change in behaviour as a private individual, the situation for Swedishcompanies seems to be different. The Ministry of Trade and Industry (2021) states thatSwedish companies remain in analogue payment processes, a thesis The World PaymentReport (2020) agrees with, while they state that digitized business models around B2Bpayments are predicted to have great development potential.What does it look like in research on mobile payments? In the compilation of Dahlberg etal (2015; 2008), it is feared that the research perspective has been too focused on privateindividuals, which has created a gap between practice and academia.This study aims to shed light on the situation of Swedish micro-entrepreneurs by lookingat how Swedish micro-entrepreneurs use services linked to mobile payments, what theirexpectations are and how the services meet the needs of micro-companies.This was done on the basis of a theoretical framework by Apanasevic et al (2016), whichis well suited as it partly contributes to a new perspective on issues concerning mobilepayments and attaches great importance to the respondents' expectations. Using aninterpretive research method, the study was conducted as a qualitative study in whichseven qualitative, semi-structured interviews were analysed thematically.The study concluded that Swedish micro-entrepreneurs' adoption of mobile paymentservices differs. From managing the entire company's finances through an app to mainlyusing mobile means of payment in situation-adapted events, or not using mobile means ofpayment at all. The study also shows that the expectation when an entrepreneur switchesto a mobile means of payment is to digitize a manual process. If this is done wholeheartedly, the entrepreneurs are satisfied with the mobile service and expectations are met.Integrated systems, especially with accounting, are very positive. As in previous research,a fast, smooth and clear service is perceived positively, and its opposites as negative.Entrepreneur’s reason about internal business opportunities, that the service saves themtime, as time is money. This differs from studies that look at retailers and privatecustomers, where previous studies like Mallat (2007), and Apanasevic et al (2016) ratherfocus on a mobile payment service creating external business opportunities that can attractnew customers or more sales.For future research, case studies on the mobile services mentioned in this study areproposed, in accordance with continuing to broaden the perspective in mobile payments.

As the use of mobile payment applications (apps) and electronic wallets (e-wallets)increases, so does the demand for a improved user experience when interactingwith these apps. The field of Human-Computer interaction (HCI) focuses onthe design, evaluation, and implementation of interactive computing systems forhuman use. One aspect of HCI is usability, i.e., the quality of the interactions witha product or system. This thesis investigates how an e-wallet can be designed to provide a high level ofusability by conforming to best HCI practices and by formative evaluation using aset of usability evaluation methods.The research process consisted of an initial literature study and developmentof a prototype, which was evaluated iteratively through Thinking-aloud-protocol(TAP) and a combination of performance measurements and questionnaire by achosen test group. By each iteration, the results of the performance measurements, as well as theverbal data improved. The most complex or difficult task, for the test subjectsto perform, was, according to the results, Pay via manual input. All goals wereachieved for all tasks except for the performance goal of a percentage of errorsbelow 5%. To conclude, it was clear that the test subjects had more trouble understandingthe concept of the e-wallet rather than navigating and completing tasks. Thedifficulties lay in understanding how currencies were stored and how transactionshappened. When developing this e-wallet we noticed that the most importantissue was to make new functions and concepts familiar to the user through relatingit to recognizable ideas. / I och med att användning av mobila betalningslösningar (appar) och elektroniskaplånböcker (e-plånböcker) ökar, ökar även efterfrågan på en förbättradanvändarupplevelse vid interaktion med dessa appar. Området människadatorinteraktion(MDI) fokuserar på design, utvärdering och implementeringav interaktiva datorsystem för mänsklig användning. En aspekt av MDI äranvändbarhet, dvs kvaliteten på interaktionerna med en produkt eller ett system.Detta kandidatexamensarbete undersöker hur en e-plånbok kan utformas föratt ge en hög användbarhet genom att anpassas till MDI praxis och formativutvärdering av designen med hjälp av en uppsättning utvärderingsmetoder föranvändbarhet. Forskningsprocessen bestod av en litteraturstudie och utveckling av en prototoyp,som utvärderades iterativt genom Thinking-aloud Protocol (TAP) samt enkombination av prestationsmätningar och frågeformulär av en vald testgrupp.Efter varje iteration förbättrades resultaten av prestationsmätningarna, såvälsom för den verbala datan. Den mest komplexa eller svåra uppgiften,för testpersonerna att utföra, var, enligt resultaten, Betalning via manuelinmatning. Alla mål uppnåddes för alla uppgifter förutom prestationsmålet fören procentandel av fel under 5%. Avslutningsvis var det tydligt att testpersonerna fann det svårare att förståkonceptet av e-plånboken än att navigera och slutföra uppgifterna. Svårigheternalåg i att förstå hur valutor lagrades och hur transaktioner gick till. När viutvecklade den här e-plånboken märkte vi att den viktigaste uppgiften var att göranya funktioner och koncept förståerliga för användaren genom att koppla dem tilligenkännliga idéer.

I samband med den digitala teknikens utveckling som i dag är en stor del i många människors liv och vardagliga aktiviteter påverkas också sättet människor konsumerar och kommunicerar på. Generation Z är generationsgruppen som redan under uppväxten integrerat sina liv med den digitala tekniken och den har därför präglat generationen. Utvecklingen av digital teknik handlar om att hela tiden effektivisera och optimera, vilket också satt nya krav på hur konsumenter väljer att betala för produkter, tjänster och till varandra. Mobila betalningar är en av de växande alternativen till transaktioner och motsvara både betalningar med fysiska sedlar och kreditkort. Kina är i framkant gällande mobila betalningar och i Sverige ökar användningen av mobila betalningar för varje år.    Syftet med forskningsstudien är därmed att ta reda på jämförelsen mellan Sverige och Kina samt konsumenters adoption till mobila betalningar. Fokusgruppen i forskningsstudien är generation Z och för att kunna utföra studien används teorin Diffusion of innovations av Rogers (2003). Forskningsstudien använder sig av de fem befintliga variabler inom diffusion of innovations som teoretiskt bas för adoptionen till mobila betalningar där ytterligare två variabler lades till (Upplevd risk och socialt inflytande). Teoretiska basen konstaterades därmed av variablerna: relativa fördelar, kompatibilitet, komplexitet, observerbarhet, prövbarhet, upplevd risk och socialt inflytande. Totalt sett konstruerades 14 hypoteser för forskningsstudien.    För att kunna utföra forskningsstudien användes forskningsmetoden kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie. Data som samlades in var via webbenkäter där de skickades ut till både svenska och kinesiska konsumenter. Totalt samlades in 125 webbenkät svar som kunde användas för analys där 50 var från svenska konsumenter och 75 kinesiska konsumenter. All data som samlades in analyserades genom regressionsanalys med hjälp av det digitala verktyget IBM SPSS version 28.0. Hypoteserna testades genom att använda multipel regressionsanalys samt Mann-Whitney U Test. Det  analysen har identifierat var att socialt inflytande, kompatibilitet och relativa fördelar hade högst påverkan för adoptionen till mobila betalningar. Kina hade även högre signifikans i alla faktorer förutom komplexitet. / The purpose of the research study is to find out the comparison between Sweden and China and consumers' adoption of mobile payments. The focus group for the research study is generation Z and to be able to carry out the study, the theory Diffusion of innovations by Rogers (2003) is used. The research study uses the five existing variables in diffusion of innovations as a theoretical basis for the adoption of mobile payments where two additional variables were added (Perceived risk and social influence). A total of 14 hypotheses were constructed for the research study.   In order to be able to carry out the research study, the research method quantitative cross-sectional study was used. Data collected were through web surveys where they were sent out to both Swedish and Chinese consumers. All data collected was analyzed by regression analysis using the digital tool IBM SPSS version 28.0. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis and Mann-Whitney U Test. What the analysis has identified was that social influence, compatibility and relative advantages had the greatest impact on the adoption of mobile payments. China also had higher significance in all factors except complexity.

Det var ett decennium sedan det mobila betalningssystemet utvecklades. Innan dess var det fysiska betalningssystemet som präglade det svenska samhället. Bankerna lyfter ständigt hur det mobila betalningssystemet är bekvämt och smidigt att använda medans riskerna göms i skymundan. Den här studiens syfte är att undersöka vilka säkerhetsåtgärder som vidtas vid risker samt hur dessa risker påverkar kundernas förtroende kring det mobila och fysiska betalningssystemet. De risker som undersöktes var olika typer av IT-risker samt rånrisken. Studien är använder sig av en kvalitativ metod med en abduktiv ansats tillsammans med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Dessa intervjuer utfördes på fyra kundtjänstmedarbetare, två från Swedbank och två från Handelsbanken som arbetar med frågor gällande mobila och fysiska betalningssystem. Den tidigare forskningen har lagt ett underlag för studiens resultat. Den tidigare forskning tog upp bland annat hur det mobila betalningssystemet är ett bekvämare betalningssystem men mer riskabelt jämfört det fysiska. Analysen och diskussionskapitlet av studien har dragit paralleller mellan teori och datainsamling. Studien drog en slutsats om att risker sker i mindre omfång på grund av bankernas starka och utvecklade säkerhetsåtgärder. Förtroendet för bankerna sjunker när risker inträffar. En kombination av det mobila och fysiska betalningssystemen är att föredra. Studiens resterande delar är skrivna på svenska. / It has been a decade since the mobile payment system was developed. Before that, it was the physical payment system that embossed Swedish society. Banks are constantly highlighting how the mobile payment system is convenient and easy to use while the risks are hidden. The purpose of this study is to investigate what security measures are taken in the event of risks and how these risks affect the customers trust in the mobile and physical payment system. The study was conducted using a qualitative method with an abductive approach together with semi-structured interviews. These interviews were conducted with four customer service employees, two from Swedbank and two from Handelsbanken who work with questions regarding the two payment systems. The previous research addressed, among other things, how the mobile payment system is a convenient payment system but has more risks compared to the physical one. The analysis and discussion chapter of this study have drawn parallels between theory and data collection. This study concluded that risks occur to a lesser extent due to the banks’ strong and developed security measures. The study also concludes that trust in banks decreases when the payment systems are at risk. A combination of the two payment systems is preferred. The remaining parts of this study are written in Swedish.