In light of the global climate crisis and the worldwide focus on ecological economy policies, this study aims to analyze what role the economy has in the quest for a sustainable future in Uppsala. How do urban planning documents as well as regional and municipality employees interpret and value economic sustainability in relation to ecological sustainability? The methodology includes two different types of document analysis as well as qualitative interviews. Finally, an ideal type analysis has been used to place the urban planning policies of Uppsala on a scale between ecological modernization theory and degrowth theory. The thesis shows a view of an economic sustainability in terms of economic growth as being the prerequisite for a sustainable development. Furthermore, the analysis shows an ambiguous portrayal of the relationship between the ecological and economic dimensions of sustainable development. The documents and employees depict the urban planning policies of Uppsala as being ecologically modernized. Despite relatively advanced climate policies, Uppsala has yet to articulate more bold views of a sustainable future.

<p>In recent times statistical findings suggesting a deteriorating mental health among teenagers, have been published. Not only did I find the lack of an all-inclusive analysis problematic, but also the fact that the studies themselves where often insufficient. Thus my purpose has been to chart these statistical studies, and then scrutinize the results.My method has been inspired by critical theory, where an interpretive starting point, self-reflection, and the idea that man and society interacts as a whole, is of great importance. Aside from the above mentioned studies, I have also employed secondary empirical data from TV, newspapers and the Internet. My own experience as a social worker has also been an important resource for this paper. The results from the statistical studies are analysed through theories regarding cultural modernisation, in particular Thomas Ziehe's ideas about cultural release of constraints, and Aaron Antonovsky's ideas concerning the importance of SOC (sense of coherence). Rapports from the Welfare Commission pertaining to developments in the Swedish welfare during the 1990's are also central for this thesis. I have found that the results from the statistical studies could be the outcome of other factors than mental illness per se - such as the play down in society concerning some of the taboos associated with it. This means that today's youth have easier access to psychiatric care (in so far as they are more willing to talk about psychiatric problems) and therefore necessarily don't feel worse than preceding age groups. Having said that, my conclusion is that today's youth is more inclined to mental illness than teenagers 10-15 years ago. My belief is that this is due to cultural modernisation and growing shortcomings within the social welfare. Cultural modernisation can make for an arduous upbringing, and a society where traditional norms are being replaced by everlasting possibilities, do put a fair amount of strain on the young individual. In my final discussion I'll conclude that SOC, which was previously created collectively, is now an undertaking of the sole individual. Therefore, I mean, today's teenagers are in the need of sufficient tools in their identity work. Naturally these can be found within the perpetual bombardment of information and symbols that surrounds them, but this should not diminish the importance of an everyday contact with sensible grownups, who understands the need to counterbalance a manipulative market.</p>

<p><em>Drink! The Marketing History of The Coca-Cola Company: A Modernization Perspective</em> examines the development of <em>The Coca-Cola Company’s</em> marketing history, from the founding of the company in 1886 until today. <em>The Coca-Cola Company</em> has been superior on the market for over a century. It has also developed along with the urbanisation of its society, which is interesting in a modernization perspective. The essay investigates the marketing strategies of the company, with focus on three themes: gender, sponsorship and interactive culture phenomenon. The examination is based on an analysis of six significant photo- and TV advertisements, two from each theme. The research is based on profound literature studies combined with studies of visual culture. With the work of this essay, we have come to the conclusion that <em>The Coca-Cola Company</em> has reached its power and fame because of it’s creative marketing strategies. Hence, of the fact that the company has developed together with the urbanisation and technical an economical growth of society.</p>

In recent times statistical findings suggesting a deteriorating mental health among teenagers, have been published. Not only did I find the lack of an all-inclusive analysis problematic, but also the fact that the studies themselves where often insufficient. Thus my purpose has been to chart these statistical studies, and then scrutinize the results.My method has been inspired by critical theory, where an interpretive starting point, self-reflection, and the idea that man and society interacts as a whole, is of great importance. Aside from the above mentioned studies, I have also employed secondary empirical data from TV, newspapers and the Internet. My own experience as a social worker has also been an important resource for this paper. The results from the statistical studies are analysed through theories regarding cultural modernisation, in particular Thomas Ziehe's ideas about cultural release of constraints, and Aaron Antonovsky's ideas concerning the importance of SOC (sense of coherence). Rapports from the Welfare Commission pertaining to developments in the Swedish welfare during the 1990's are also central for this thesis. I have found that the results from the statistical studies could be the outcome of other factors than mental illness per se - such as the play down in society concerning some of the taboos associated with it. This means that today's youth have easier access to psychiatric care (in so far as they are more willing to talk about psychiatric problems) and therefore necessarily don't feel worse than preceding age groups. Having said that, my conclusion is that today's youth is more inclined to mental illness than teenagers 10-15 years ago. My belief is that this is due to cultural modernisation and growing shortcomings within the social welfare. Cultural modernisation can make for an arduous upbringing, and a society where traditional norms are being replaced by everlasting possibilities, do put a fair amount of strain on the young individual. In my final discussion I'll conclude that SOC, which was previously created collectively, is now an undertaking of the sole individual. Therefore, I mean, today's teenagers are in the need of sufficient tools in their identity work. Naturally these can be found within the perpetual bombardment of information and symbols that surrounds them, but this should not diminish the importance of an everyday contact with sensible grownups, who understands the need to counterbalance a manipulative market.

Drink! The Marketing History of The Coca-Cola Company: A Modernization Perspective examines the development of The Coca-Cola Company’s marketing history, from the founding of the company in 1886 until today. The Coca-Cola Company has been superior on the market for over a century. It has also developed along with the urbanisation of its society, which is interesting in a modernization perspective. The essay investigates the marketing strategies of the company, with focus on three themes: gender, sponsorship and interactive culture phenomenon. The examination is based on an analysis of six significant photo- and TV advertisements, two from each theme. The research is based on profound literature studies combined with studies of visual culture. With the work of this essay, we have come to the conclusion that The Coca-Cola Company has reached its power and fame because of it’s creative marketing strategies. Hence, of the fact that the company has developed together with the urbanisation and technical an economical growth of society.

No description available.

Fosfor är ett nödvändigt näringsämne inom jordbruket, trots detta är vi på väg att använda upp den fosfor vi har tillgång till i marken. Denna studie har därför valt att fokusera på en stor källa till fosfor som inte tas till vara på i många av dagens samhällen: mänsklig avföring. Många samhällen har genom historien använt mänsklig avföring som en resurs, bland annat som gödsel vid matodling, vilket återför en stor del av fosforn till marken. I dagens samhällen ses mänsklig avföring som någonting oönskat och äckligt. Vad är det som skapat denna ovilja att använda denna källa till fosfor? Varför slutade samhällen använda mänsklig avföring som gödsel vid matodling? Syftet med denna studie är att belysa de anledningar som ligger bakom att människor slutar att använda mänsklig avföring vid odling av mat. En tematisk analys, och utvalda delar av en komparativ analys, har använts för att analysera lämpligt publicerat material. Denna analys har skapat resultatet som sedan har ställts mot studiens teoretiska ramverk vilket inkluderar: människans syn på sin egen avföring, smuts och renhet, och mänsklig avföring som resurs. Studiens resultat tyder på att det främst är en accelererad urbanisering och en modernisering av samhället som leder till att människor slutar att använda mänsklig avföring som gödsel inom matodling. Människans syn på renhet ställs mot synen av mänsklig avföring som en resurs. Valet att använda mänsklig avföring eller ej styrs av den kulturella uppfattningen om vad som är rent och smutsigt. När de negativa associationerna kring mänsklig avföring överväger de positiva så leder det till att människor tar avstånd från mänsklig avföring trots att exkrementer fortfarande skulle kunna användas som en resurs. / Phosphorus is an essential nutrient in agriculture, despite this fact we are well on our way to using up the phosphorus we have access to in the ground. This study has therefore focused on a major source of phosphorus that is not taken into consideration in a vast majority of today’s societies: human excrement. Many countries have used human excreta as a resource throughout history, including as a fertilizer when producing food, which ensured that a major part of the phosphorus was returned to the soil. In societies today human excrement is viewed as something unwanted and disgusting. What is it that makes humans hesitant to use this source of phosphorus? Why did societies stop using human excrement as a fertilizer when growing food? The purpose of this study is to examine the underlying causes for why people stop using human excrement as a fertilizer when producing food. A thematic analysis, combined with selected parts of a comparative analysis, has been used to analyze apt publicized material. This analysis has resulted in the study’s result, which has then been pitted against the theoretical framework for this study. The theoretical framework includes: people’s view of their own excreta, dirt and cleanliness, and human excreta as a resource. The result suggests that it primarily is an increased urbanization and a modernization of society that leads people to stop using human excrement as a fertilizer when producing food. Human perception of purity is pitched against the view of human excrement as a resource. The choice of using human excrement or not is governed by the cultural perception of what is clean and what is dirty. When the negative associations connected to human excrement outweigh the positive, then humans distance themselves from it, even though the excrement could still be used as a resource.

I studien genomförs en analys av begreppet hållbar utveckling och dess koppling till de tankar som brukar förknippas med ekologisk modernisering. Vidare beskrivs och diskuteras relationer och samband mellan den hållbara utvecklingens tre dimensioner; miljön, ekonomin och det sociala. Arbetet för hållbar utveckling på den regionala nivån sker utifrån nationella ramar men det är på den regionala och kommunala nivån som ansvaret för initiativtagande och prioriteringar ligger. Det är viktigt att ha kunskap om hur begreppet hållbar utveckling har kommit till och diskutera vad som menas med begreppet för att förstå vad begreppet syftar till och hur det bör tillämpas i det regionala utvecklingsarbetet. Med hjälp av indikatorer är det möjligt att följa och utvärdera arbetet för hållbar utveckling. Uppsatsen diskuterar förhållningssätt och problem i kringoperationaliseringen av hållbar utveckling i ett regionalpolitiskt sammanhang samt vilka svårigheter som är förknippade med framtagandet av hållbarhetsindikatorer.

I den här uppsatsen görs en jämförelse mellan tre aktörer i svensk miljöpolitik, den svenska staten, miljöorganisationen Svenska Naturskyddsföreningen (SNF) och intresseorganisationen Svenskt Näringsliv (SN). Syftet med jämförelsen är att undersöka hur de skiljer sig åt eller om de i huvudsak har samma syn på hanteringen av miljöfrågan och speciellt i synen på om det finns en konflikt mellan tillväxt och miljö. Som teoretisk ram används ekologisk modernisering, en teori som karaktäriseras av att konflikten mellan tillväxt och miljö ses som upphävd och den anses vara en lovande strategi för att hantera miljöproblemen. Metoden, som har använts i uppsatsen är diskursanalys av olika texter som producerats av aktörerna i nutid. Hos varje aktör har både dokument rörande klimatfrågan som representerar globala hållbarhetsfrågor och dokument rörande allmän, nationell miljövård valts ut, för att även skillnaden mellan olika frågor ska kunna studeras. Den kritik som framförts mot ekologisk modernisering rör just att de globala frågorna förbises och att de dessutom är svårhanterliga inom ramen för teorin. Slutsatserna är att det råder en ganska liknande syn i miljöfrågan och dess hantering mellan de tre aktörerna vad gäller allmän, nationell miljöpolitik. Den strategin sammanfaller väl med ekologisk modernisering som strategi, vilket innebär att förändringarna kan ske inom vårt nuvarande samhälles ramar och genom en förening av tillväxt och miljö. Inom diskursen råder det dock större osäkerhet angående hur klimatfrågan ska hanteras. Speciellt staten och SNF har svårt att se konflikten mellan tillväxt och miljö som upplöst. SN:s strategi sammanfaller dock i den frågan väl med ekologisk modernisering. Det kan tolkas som att ekologisk modernisering är en strategi som passar näringslivet väl och som förstärker deras inflytande i att definiera miljöfrågan.

The purpose of this essay was to study how people could react to the changes of the society and modernization during the 1800s. The study is based on a qualitative method and the material for this study has been letters that belong to a peasantry family from Sunne, Värmland in Sweden. The purpose with this case studie has been to find out what the letter says about peoples experiences and conditions during the modernization. In this studie the theory of modernization has been limited to geographical mobility and individualism in purpose to see how the correspondent writes about these modern phenomenon. The results show a collectivistic character, but also how the modernization and geographical mobility challenge this concept. The letters also show a interaction between the  character of the peasant society and modernization.