This thesis "Pedagogy and Maria Montessori School in the Czech Republic" in the theoretical part describes the life of Maria Montessori, Montessori principles of education and development of Montessori schools with a focus on their development in the Czech Republic. The practical part deals with a case study of a Prague school with Montessori principles and a questionnaire survey with the headmaster of Montessori schools.

The first part of this thesis introduces basics principles of the Montessori pedagogical system with emphasis on prepared environment. Next part is about examples of prepared environment in professional literature and in the visisted school. The end part deals with application of prepared environment principles in the example of my own pedagogical work in education of children with special needs in education and in self-realisation. In appendix is a set of used didactical material.

This study constitutes an attempt to describe and analyse the quality of selected early childhood development programmes in South Africa, and provide criteria by which the quality of programmes could be assessed. The need for, and importance of, providing quality early childhood development programmes is highlighted. The influence of educational pf:lilosophies on programmes is recognised, hence the total development of the child and educational philosophies related thereto are discussed. Factors and components within programmes that contribute to high quality are explored. Moreover, criteria by means of which quality early childhood development programmes may be assessed, are provided. In this regard criteria for the formulation of aims, selection and the organisation of content, assessment, role of the teacher and parent involvement in programmes are suggested. It is against these criteria that selected early childhood development programmes in South Africa are described and analysed. programmes conclude the study. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Didactics)

Dissertation thesis - "The use of elements of alternative education system of Maria Montessori for street children in Zambia" - is dedicated to the education of vulnerable children and "street children" in Zambia. In the introduction to the theoretical part of the thesis, the author describes Zambia itself and thereafter in following chapters, she outlines the main issues on which a detailed analysis of poverty, HIV / AIDS and its impact especially on children is presented. She gives more detailed information concerning the questions of the Zambian education; she introduces its main characters and to summarise this chapter, she deals with the particular division of the Zambian education. Given that the author in her work in Zambia found out that the reason of inefficiency in education is caused by lack of financial resources and inefficiency in educational system itself, she focused exactly on this issue. Furthermore, she treats the area devoted to volunteering and its regularities. The problem of vulnerable children and "street children" can be understood as one of the many consequences of poverty in Zambia. Street children are divided into two groups Children in the Street and Children of the Street. The difference in these two groups is essential; and that the first group spends the free time on the street and the second group lives on the street. In conclusion of the theoretical part, the author introduces the alternative pedagogy of Maria Montessori and she indicates the most important and the most basic principles, elements and specific areas of learning. The research section presents results in relation to the objectives of the dissertation thesis, which she set at the beginning and then got in the research effectuated in the years 2006 - 2009 in Zambia where she focused on the implementation of education and leisure time activities for vulnerable children (OVC / Orphans and vulnerable children) and "street children" of preventive social project of educational and leisure time activities in compaundu (slum) Kalingalinga. The author chose four goals to complete her research. The first objective was to determine whether is possible to use some elements of the pedagogy of Maria Montessori for the education and leisure time activities of vulnerable children (OVC / Orphans and vulnerable children), and "street children"; the second aim was to develop methodological tools and handouts, which will be adapted according the internal culture of the country and social status of children. The third goal was to create a suitable leisure time activities for children of the street, which will again correspond to the nature of children. The fourth goal was to improve cooperation, coordination among the trainees who go to Zambia effectuate the social project. Methodical handouts and instructions, worked out by the author, for working with these children are also a part of this chapter. All the goals of the work had been fulfilled and the author proved that the elements of alternative education of Maria Montessori in education and creation of leisure time activities can be used for vulnerable children and "street children".

The goal of the diploma work is to demonstrate the possibilities of montessori education elements implementation into the education of the children with autism spectrum disorders in the preparatory form of the special elementary school. This is performed on the basis of the theoretical knowledge gained by the specific material study and by using the methods of the inspiring practice. The theoretical part has three chapters. It deals with the subject of the persons with mental disorder and is mainly focused on the children with the autism spectrum disorders. It describes the autism spectrum disorders, their etiology, diagnosis and the intervention options for people with the autism spectrum disorders. It is dedicated also to the education of children and pupils with the autism spectrum disorders and the mental disorder within the preparatory form of the special elementary school. It introduces in great detail the montessori pedagogy and its elements. The empirical part states the definition of the research inquiry. It also describes an example of the inspiring practice how the class setting, education outline concept and education materials using the elements of the montessori pedagogy into the education of the children with the autism spectrum disorders in the preparatory form of the special...

Cette thèse présente, analyse et examine les trajectoires de vie et propositions de travail de quatre spécialistes pionniers : Jean Itard, Édouard Séguin, Maria Montessori et Janusz Korczak, qui sont passés de la médicine à l'éducation et se sont occupés de personnes déficientes et en situation de risque. Elle révise la constitution de l'éducation spéciale en mettant l'accent, dans l'histoire des personnages déjà cités, sur le glissement de la médicine à la pédagogie pour ainsi permettre de mieux comprendre les récentes modifications mettant en jeu l'enseignement des professeurs spécialisés en éducation spéciale et de ceux de l'enseignement commun. Diriger notre regard sur ce passé, pas si lointain et dont les effets se font encore sentir, aide à comprendre la construction de l'éducation spéciale et permet d'établir des points de connexion avec un ensemble qui caractérise l'enseignement auprès de personnes déficientes, lequel, petit à petit, s'éloigne du modèle d'intervention clinique et donne la priorité à l'approche pédagogique. Il s'agit d'une étude à caractère théorique dont les sources proviennent de matériels abordant les thématiques mentionnées, ainsi que d'ouvrages écrits par ces médecins-éducateurs eux-mêmes. Elle est orientée par des questions comme : pourquoi les débuts de l'éducation spéciale ont-ils été associés au champ de la médicine au travers d‟expériences novatrices de jeunes médecins-éducateurs ? Pourquoi ces pionniers de l'éducation spéciale vont-ils s'éloigner graduellement de la médicine et diriger leurs pratiques vers le champ de l'éducation ? Comment les caractéristiques de l'action professionnelle du professeur d'éducation spéciale se sont-elles dessinées à partir du XIXe siècle ? Comment les ouvrages de ces quatre personnages peuvent-ils contribuer à l'éducation spéciale, si l'on considère les nouveaux contextes et les nouvelles demandes qui s'imposent à partir de l'inclusion scolaire ? Quels points de rupture et de continuité peuvent être identifiés dans les propositions construites par les quatre personnages présentés dans cette thèse et leurs possibles contributions pour l'action du professeur d‟éducation spéciale ? Pour conclure, une analyse cherche à rehausser certains points convergents entre ces ouvrages et les singularités de la trajectoire de chaque personnage. En outre, des aspects pédagogiques innovateurs et actuels concernant l'action des éducateurs auprès de personnes déficientes sont identifiés et analysés dans leurs écrits. / La presente tesi ha come obiettivo la presentazione, l'analisi e la riflessione sulle traiettorie di vita e delle enunciazioni del lavoro di quattro studiosi d'avanguardia, Jean Itard, Edouard Séguin, Maria Montessori e Janusz Korczak, che sono passati dalla medicina all'educazione, occupandosi di persone disabili e in situazione di rischio. Questo studio presenta una ripresa della costituzione dell‟educazione speciale, dove nella storia dei personaggi già citati, il fulcro è situato nello spostamento dalla medicina verso la pedagogia, cercando in questo modo di permettere la comprensione dei recenti cambiamenti che interessano la docenza del professore specializzato nell'educazione speciale, ma anche di quello dell'istruzione comune. Dirigere lo sguardo verso il passato, non tanto distante, ma i cui effetti sono ancora presenti, aiuta nel processo di comprensione della costruzione dell'educazione speciale e permette di stabilire dei punti di connessione con un insieme di caratteristiche della docenza presso le persone disabili che, poco a poco, si allontana dal modello di intervento clinico e dà la priorità all'approccio pedagogico. Si tratta di uno studio di carattere teorico, le cui fonti sono composte da materiali di approccio delle tematiche citate, ma anche delle opere scritte dagli medici educatori stessi. La ricerca è stata orientata verso argomenti come: perché l'educazione speciale ha avuto il suo inizio associato al campo della medicina, attraverso le esperienze innovative di giovani medici educatori? Perché questi precursori dell'educazione speciale si stanno, pian piano, allontanando dalla medicina e dirigono le loro pratiche verso il campo dell'educazione? Come si sono delineate le caratteristiche dell'azione professionale del professore dell'educazione speciale dal XIX secolo? In che modo le opere di questi quattro personaggi possono contribuire con l'educazione speciale, considerando le nuove situazioni e le nuove necessità che si impongono partendo dall'inclusione scolastica? Quali punti di rottura e di continuità si possono identificare nelle proposte costruite dai quattro personaggi, presentate nella tesi e i loro possibili contributi per l'attuazione del professore di educazione speciale? Alla fine viene realizzata un'analisi che cerca di mettere in evidenza i punti di sintonia tra le opere e la singolarità della traiettoria di ogni personaggio. Oltre a ciò, vengono identificati e analizzati aspetti pedagogici innovativi e attuali delle loro opere, per quanto riguarda l'azione degli educatori sulle persone disabili. / A presente tese tem como objetivo a apresentação, análise e reflexão acerca das trajetórias de vida e das proposições de trabalho de quatro estudiosos pioneiros, Jean Itard, Edouard Séguin, Maria Montessori e Janusz Korczak, que transitaram da medicina para a educação, ocupando-se de pessoas com deficiência e em situação de risco. Este estudo apresenta uma retomada da constituição da educação especial, sendo que, na história dos referidos personagens, o foco situa-se no deslocamento da medicina em direção à pedagogia, buscando, dessa forma, possibilitar a compreensão das recentes alterações que envolvem a docência do professor especializado em educação especial, assim como daquele do ensino comum. Voltar o olhar para esse passado, não tão distante, mas cujos efeitos são ainda sentidos, auxilia no processo de compreensão da construção da educação especial e permite o estabelecimento de pontos de conexão com um conjunto caracterizador da docência junto a pessoas com deficiência que, paulatinamente, afasta-se do modelo de intervenção clínica, e prioriza a abordagem pedagógica. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter teórico, cujas fontes constituíram-se de materiais que abordam as temáticas mencionadas, assim como das obras escritas pelos próprios médicos-educadores. A pesquisa foi orientada por questões como: Por que a educação especial teve seu início associado ao campo da medicina, através de experiências inovadoras de jovens médicos-educadores? Por que esses pioneiros da educação especial vão, paulatinamente, afastando-se da medicina e direcionando suas práticas para o campo da educação? Como se delinearam as características da ação profissional do professor de educação especial a partir do século XIX? De que maneira as obras desses quatro personagens podem contribuir com a educação especial, tendo em vista os novos contextos e as novas demandas que se impõem a partir da inclusão escolar? Que pontos de ruptura e de continuidade podem ser identificados nas propostas construídas pelos quatro personagens apresentados na tese e suas possíveis contribuições para a atuação do professor de educação especial? Ao final, é realizada uma análise que busca evidenciar pontos de sintonia entre as obras, bem como singularidades da trajetória de cada personagem. Além disso, são identificados e analisados aspectos pedagógicos inovadores e atuais de suas obras, a respeito da ação dos educadores junto a pessoas com deficiência e em situação de risco.

English as a Second Language (ESL) learners at the upper elementary level have struggled to demonstrate the vocabulary required to read in English at grade-level. Although multimedia technologies have demonstrated positive effects as language acquisition educational tools at the university level, it remains unclear how useful they are for language acquisition at the elementary level. This quasi-experimental study used dual coding theory as a framework to examine the relationship between the level of reading comprehension upper elementary students developed and their construction of word meanings through use of multimedia technologies. The study utilized convenience sampling of 85 students divided into treatment and control groups in a Puerto Rican Montessori school. The treatment consisted of use of multimedia technologies that included video, audio, images, and words in a digital environment for vocabulary acquisition instruction. Data sources included pretest and posttest results for the Maze Close test that measures reading comprehension. These results were analyzed using a paired t test. Results indicated that students in treatment groups developed greater reading comprehension than did those in control groups. However, the difference in scores between the groups was not significant, so the null hypothesis was not rejected. Further research is required in order to determine whether a positive relationship can exist between multimedia technology usage and development of upper elementary student vocabulary and reading comprehension. This study indicates the importance of examining whether multimedia technology use in elementary student English reading comprehension can create reading gains for upper elementary ESL students.

Šiuo metu plačiai diskutuojama apie ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigos pokyčius bei rezultatus. Didelė ugdymo programų įvairovė. Todėl didelis dėmesys skiriamas ugdymo kokybės užtikrinimui, diegiama patikima ugdymo turinio vertinimo sistema. Vis didesnis dėmesys skiriamas ugdymo programų kūrimui, netradiciniams ugdymo metodams, tame tarpe ir M. Montessori pedagoginei sistemai. Tačiau dar neatskleista priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio kokybės samprata M. Montessori pedagoginėje sistemoje. Šio baigiamojo darbo tikslas – atskleisti priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio kokybės sampratą M. Montessori pedagoginėje sistemoje. Tyrimo objektas: Priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio kokybės samprata. Tyrimu siekta: 1. Apibrėžti priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio sampratą remiantis „laisvojo ugdymo paradigma“. 2. Atskleisti priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio kokybės ypatumus. 3. Išskirti priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio kokybės kriterijus M. Montessori pedagoginėje sistemoje. 4. Identifikuoti priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio kokybės kriterijų raišką M. Montessori pedagoginėje sistemoje. Tyrimo rezultatų pagrindu suformuluotos tyrimo išvados: Priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio kokybei M. Montessori pedagoginėje sistemoje ypatingą reikšmę turi vaiko amžių atitinkanti ugdomoji aplinka ir priemonės. Priemonės skiriamos individualiems gebėjimams lavinti. Priešmokyklinio ugdymo turinio kokybę sąlygoja ugdytojo - santūraus stebėtojo, tyrinėtojo, kuris stengiasi nesikišti į vaiko veiklą samprata. Įgyvendinant ugdymo turinį... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The changes and the outcomes in the pre-school educational institutions are being widely discussed nowadays. The variety of the educational systems used is being of a wide scale. Therefore, a considerable attention is being admitted to the achievement of the educational quality and the introduction of the plausible evaluation system of the educational content. A growing attention is being paid to the development of the educational programs as well as to the unconventional educational methods and the Montessori education therein. The aim of this final paper: To define the conception of the quality of the pre-school educational content in the Montessori educational system. The object of the research: The conception of the quality of the pre-school educational content. The goals of the research: 1. To define the conception of the pre-school educational content on the basis of the “free education paradigm”. 2. To reveal the peculiarities of the pre-school educational content quality. 3. To exclude the criteria of the pre-school educational content quality in the Montessori education. 4. To identify the manifestation of the qualitative criteria in the Montessori pre-school education. The following conclusions of the research can be inferred on the basis of the results: The educational setting and means corresponding the child’s age have a particular significance for the qualitative educational content of the Montessori pre-school education. The means attributed to develop the... [to full text]

Sammanfattning Syftet med föreliggande examensarbete var att undersöka hur barn med annat modersmål än svenska och deras vårdnadshavare, tillsammans med pedagoger och oss kan utveckla arbetssätt och metoder som stärker barns och vårdnadshavare identitet, samt utvecklar och stödjer språkutvecklingen. Syftet var också att utifrån dessa metoder och arbetssätt utarbeta ett metodhäfte. Detta examensarbete baseras på kvalitativ aktionsforskning ur ett interpretivistiskt perspektiv. Metoderna som använts är intervjuer, observationer, dokumentation och gruppstärkande övningar/lekar. Deltagarna har varit barn och vårdnadshavare från kurdiska, somaliska och arabisktalande språkgrupper samt pedagoger. Vårt examensarbete utgår från ett sociohistoriskt och -kulturellt perspektiv, vilket enligt Strandberg (2006) med utgångspunkt i Vygotskij (1978) innefattar detsociala (interaktionen med andra människor), det medierade (artefakter; verktyg och tecken), det situerade (i kulturella kontexter och speciella situationer) och detkreativa (baserat på barns fantasi och kreativitet). Vår studie är även baserad på didaktik och filosofier som Montessori och Reggio Emilia. Den tidigare forskning som ligger till grund för vår undersökning är forskning om identitet, flerspråkighet, vårdnadshavarens roll och betydelse samt språkutveckling hos yngre barn. Resultaten visar att barnets sociala samspel med vårdnadshavare, pedagoger och med andra barn har haft betydelse för barnets språkutveckling och stärkandet av identiteten. Resultaten visar även att samlärande i en stimulerande miljö med hjälp av skapandet av pedagogiska leksaker och spel utifrån barnets kontext, samt att barnen använt sin kreativitet har varit av vikt för studiens resultat. Slutligen har resultatet lett till skapande av ett metodhäfte som dels utgår från informanternas gemensamma aktiviteter, men även från det urval av metoder och perspektiv, som beskrivs i vår teoretiska bakgrund. Metodhäftet kan användas i hemmen, i förskolor och i kontakt mellan förskola och hemmen.

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