Recent trends in social network services (SNS) have taken the rates of personal information sharing, storage and processing to an unprecedented level, which yield both benefits and undesirable consequences for their users. SNS is being exploited by criminals to fraudulently obtain information from unsuspecting users. User’s awareness of privacy protection has been far left behind by the increasing and popularizing utilization of social network services (SNS), the privacy security problems will become one of the important factors influencing the healthy development of social network service industry. This study was designed to collect data and produce knowledge about the security awareness of WeChat users (i.e., randomly selected from all over China), their preferences and their experience of using WeChat while facing security issues as well as the perspectives of how people perceive a specific security problems, in order to find out what factors influence user's security awareness. In order to carefully conduct the research process and explain the empirical findings, seven principles of interpretive field research and protection motivation theory is adopted as core theoretical foundation. Participants were asked to provide information about and their personal views of questions from their different experience and value. Eight persons interviewed for our research and their responses confirmed our objectives of the study. As a result, six factors are indentified in related to WeChat user’s security awareness. PMT helps to explain and understand that how six indentified concepts influence behaviour intention and security awareness of user.

In a time where crises are more present, risk communication plays an important role in equipping citizens with information and knowledge on how to prepare themselves. This study examines how citizens in the municipality Strängnäs perceive and interpret the municipality's risk communication, particularly focused on the information folder "Be prepared for a crisis or social disturbance". Through two focus group interviews, eight citizens of different ages have participated to discuss the content of the folder and reflect on topics such as crises and home preparedness. The study's theoretical framework is based on Ulrich Beck's theory of risk society and protection motivation theory, as well as previous research in areas such as risk communication and risk perception. The results show that the folder is generally perceived positively by the participants of the study, though there are some differences such as preferences on the amount of text and design which could be explained by their different coping styles. The results emphasize the folders’ significant role in making citizens more aware of their own home preparedness. Despite the concern about crises being higher today, the concern does not necessarily correspond to the participants level of preparedness which can be understood by a lack of motivation or an excessive trust in others. The research provides valuable insights to enhance the municipality's risk communication, aiming to raise awareness and preparedness levels among citizens. However, it is important to note that the results of the study are specific to the limited group of participants and require further research to be able to be generalized and understood in a wider context of risk communication.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (MComm (Economics)--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa faces an epidemic, namely, HIV/Aids, which has grown substantially over the last ten years. It can be regarded as the country with the most alarming statistical figures concerning HIV infection rates. Even though South Africa is a country under scrutiny, given the high prevalence of HIV/Aids, this epidemic also constitutes as a global problem, given that an approximate number of 7400 individuals are infected with HIV every day. The number of Aids related deaths has risen from 100 000 in 1999 to over 400 000 in 2009. Given the concern, and in an effort to combat the fast spread of HIV/Aids, the South African government has implemented various educational and support programs. Marketing efforts are related to the above topic, given that various marketing-related practices have been implemented by non-profit organisations in an attempt to create awareness of HIV/Aids and the related risks. These marketing communication programs are referred to as social campaigns. HIV/Aids social campaigns involve communication strategies which attempt to persuade the target market to ensure that they adhere to safesexual practices, by making individuals aware of the threat that infection poses to their lifestyles. Various campaigns also explore how an individual can ensure safe sexual behaviour. Empirical research stretching back to 1975 has provided marketers with guidelines as to what social communication campaigns, concerning threats to human health, should include regarding an emotional, cognitive aspect. Evidence exists for the need to include emotional cues that would stimulate medium to high levels of fear, rather than low levels of fear, in order to effectively persuade an individual to adhere to a protective behavioural pattern. No research has been conducted in order to conclude whether one type of execution style or specific advertising content would result in significantly increased intentions to behave in the recommended protective manner. This study investigated whether different execution styles would result in significantly different levels of attitude, fear and behavioural intention. This was done by sampling a group of 450 respondents who participated in an experimental study. Three execution styles were tested by means of a post-test self administered questionnaire including items related to variables of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). The PMT explores the effects that fear appeal would have on attitude change. Not only was it found that different execution styles result in significantly different levels of the mentioned variables, it was also found that one execution style is significantly more effective in evoking these cognitive responses in one race group as compared to another. The empirical results of this study reveal that by discontinuing mass communication, and, in preference, segmenting the market towards which HIV/Aids social campaigns are currently aimed, based on race, these awareness campaigns would be more effective in inducing protective sexual behaviour. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika word gekonfronteer met ’n epidemie, naamlik MIV/Vigs, wat aansienlik gegroei het oor die afgelope tien jaar. Suid Afrika kan beskou word as die land met die mees ontstellende statistieke met betrekking tot MIV-infeksie. Selfs al is Suid-Afrika die land met die hoogste gevalle van MIV/Vigs, is hierdie epidemie ook 'n wêreldwye probleem, gegewe dat 'n ongeveer 7400 individue met MIV besmet word elke dag. Die aantal Vigs-verwante sterftes het toegeneem van 100 000 in 1999 tot meer as 400 000 in 2009. Gegewe bogenoemde en in 'n poging om MIV/Vigs verspreiding te beveg, het die Suid- Afrikaanse regering verskeie ondersteunende en opvoedkundige programme geïmplementeer om hierdie doel te bereik. Die verwantskap tussen bemarkingspogings en die betrokke onderwerp is dat verskeie bemarkingsverwante praktyke geïmplementeer word deur nie-winsgewende organisasies in 'n poging om bewustheid van MIV/Vigs en die verwante risiko's te skep. Hierdie bemarkingskommunikasie programme word na verwys as sosiale veldtogte. Die relevante MIV/Vigs-veldtogte behels sosiale kommunikasie strategieë wat die teikenmark probeer oorreed om te verseker dat hulle voldoen aan veilige seksuele praktyke, deur individue bewus te maak van die bedreiging wat infeksie inhou tot hul lewenswyse. Verskeie veldtogte brei ook uit oor hoe 'n individu veilige seksuele gedrag kan verseker. Empiriese navorsing wat terugstrek tot 1975 voorsien bemarkers met riglyne oor wat die sosiale kommunikasie veldtogte, wat 'n bedreiging vir menslike gesondheid behels, moet insluit met betrekking tot 'n emosionele, kognitiewe aspek. Bewyse bestaan in guns van die noodsaaklikheid van emosionele leidrade wat medium tot hoë vlakke van vrees in ‘n individu sal stimuleer, eerder as lae vlakke van vrees, om sodoende 'n individu effektief te oorreed om te voldoen aan beskermende gedragspatrone gegewe die bedreiging wat bestaan. Geen navorsing bestaan tans met betrekking tot of ‘n sekere tipe advertensie uitvoeringstyl of spesifieke advertensie-inhoud sou lei tot ‘n aansienlik hoër voorneme om te reageer op die aanbevole beskermende gedrag nie. Hierdie studie ondersoek of sekere advertensie uitvoeringstyle sou lei tot aansienlik verskillende vlakke van houding, vrees en gedrag. Die ondersoek is gedoen deur middel van 'n groep van 450 respondente wat deelgeneem het aan 'n eksperimentele studie. Drie uitvoeringstyle is getoets deur middel van 'n na-toets self-voltooiingsvraelys wat items ingesluit het wat verband hou met veranderlikes van die beskermings-motiveringsteorie (BMT). Die BMT ondersoek die uitwerking wat vreesaanlagte sal hê op houding en aanpassing daarvan. Hierdie studie het bevind dat verskillende advertensie uitvoeringstyle bydra tot aansienlike verskillende vlakke van die bogenoemde veranderlikes, asook dat een uitvoeringstyl beduidend meer effektief is in die ontlokking van kognitiewe respons in sekere rassegroepe in vergelyking met ander. Die empiriese resultate van hierdie studie bewys dat bemarkers die doeltreffendheid van MIV/Vigs sosiale veldtogte kan verbeter deur massa-kommunikasie te staak en eerder segmentering toe te pas binne die mark op wie veldtogte gemik is. Segmentering op grond van rassegroepe sal veroorsaak dat bewusmakingsveldtogte meer effektief is met betrekking tot hul invloed op die toepassing van beskermende seksuele gedrag binne die teikenmark.

In my diploma thesis I have described several management theories and concepts used in practice and illustrated them with examples from the practice. The theory does not always coincide fully with the praxis, there are rather some common points. Both the company I write about and its management system are very specific, therefore it is a very interesting example, but not generally predicative. I would be glad if this thesis could also serve as a well- arranged material for the people in our company. In the theoretical part I have treated the management theory first in general and then several particular theories or concepts which I examined more deeply. These are the manager theory, the motivation theory, critical success factors, management by objectives, knowledge management. The empirical part concerns the practical use of these theories the company of my interest. The whole thesis is thematically wide, but the extent is limited here. Therefore it does not contain whole descriptions of the theories, but rather insights and some chosen elements. Also the empirical part does not fully examine the function system of the company and the work in it, but chooses the elements corresponding with the theoretical concepts described instead.

Title: Management of Physical Education and Sport Field of Study - Students' Motivation and Studying Satisfaction. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to identify current students and graduates ' main motives for initiating the study of Management of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague. The work maps whether the students are satisfied with their choice of study and detect whether the expectations they had before studying were met. Another aim of the thesis is to develop recommendations for increasing students' satisfaction with the field of study and to propose recommendations which may lead to the improvement of the current situation on the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport. Methods: The thesis uses the method of questioning and group discussion method. The questioning method was applied on a sample of respondents comprising of all the current students of Management of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague and the graduates in this field. Group discussion method was applied to a selected sample of eight students from the researched field of study. Results: Using the research methods motives that prompted students, respectively graduates to study a field Management of Physical Education and Sport on Charles University in Prague were identified....

Devido à evolução acelerada da tecnologia e à mudança das práticas de gestão, uma série de teorias e análises sobre o futuro do trabalho têm surgido. No entanto, o foco tem se mantido em questões tecnológicas e comerciais, com pouco aprofundamento na área de relações humanas e na compreensão do homem sobre sua própria realização. O aumento do nível de complexidade da discussão do papel do trabalho com temas como propósito e significado nas atividades profissionais desperta a busca por conhecimento sobre os mecanismos da satisfação das necessidades humanas por meio da ação produtiva. Novas formas de trabalho, têm demandado o aumento da autonomia e da individualidade na execução das tarefas. Portanto, este estudo aprofunda-se no conceito de Autorrealização e das pessoas autorrealizadas, segundo Maslow (1954), para identificar sua relação com variáveis de perfil do indivíduo e de sua relação com o trabalho e se há correlação de variáveis de perfil pessoal, histórico profissional e preferências/visão de trabalho, com o índice SISA, que classifica autorrealização nos indivíduos. A pesquisa foi elaborada por método de abordagem quantitativa e aplicada por meio de questionário online composto pelo índice de identificação de autorrealização (SISA) e por questões de identificação de perfil e preferências no trabalho, no 1º semestre de 2018, durante o período de 7 dias, com uma amostra total de 4.048 pessoas. Foram identificados 394 (9,7%) indivíduos autorrealizados. O percentual de pessoas autorrealizadas foi mais acentuado no grupo mais maduro e com mais experiência profissional. A chance de um indivíduo ser autorrealizado mostrou-se correlacionada com o nível educacional. Em relação a pessoas que cursaram apenas o Ensino Médio, indivíduos com nível Superior, Pós-Graduação ou Mestrado/Doutorado têm, respectivamente, mais chance de serem autorrealizados em 1,23, 1,87, 2,48 vezes. Profissionais que atuam em organizações flexíveis, com gestão modernizada, apresentaram o perfil autorrealizado 1,39 vez mais do que os sujeitos que atuam em empresas hierárquicas. A maior parte da amostra (50,7% ou 2.053) trabalha sob o vínculo tradicional (CLT) e apresentou percentual de pessoas autorrealizadas inferior à média da amostra (7,4%). Indivíduos com vínculo de empresário, empreendedor ou autônomo somados apresentaram índice de autorrealização superior (21,3%). 90% das pessoas informaram ter sofrido impactos emocionais negativos no trabalho. Deste modo, verificou-se que profissionais com mais experiência e nível escolar mais elevado, bem como indivíduos que atuam de forma mais autônoma ou trabalham em empresas flexíveis e com modelos de gestão modernos e objetivos negociados tendem a ser mais autorrealizados / Due to fast advances in technology and changes in managerial practices, several theories and studies on the future of work have emerged. However, the focus has been on technological and commercial issues, with little interest for human relations and man\'s understanding of his own actualization. Discussions about the role of work, its meaning and purpose have awakened the search for knowledge about mechanisms of satisfaction of human needs through productive action. New ways of working have demanded an increase in autonomy and individuality in the execution of task. This study relies on Maslows (1954) concept of Self-actualization and aims to identify personal information and historical professional profile and work preferences that will connect and correlate with on statistical basis with the SISA Short Index of Self Actualization. Quantitative data was gathered through online questionnaire applied in the first half of 2018, for a 7-day period, presenting questions about personal and professional profile identification and preferences at work + SISA. Total research sample = 4,048. SISA index of the exercise has identified 394 (9,7%) self-actualizing subjects. Higher self-actualization percentages were identified in the older and more experienced group. The odds of being a self-actualizing person has shown to be correlated with educational level and age. The higher the formal education level of a subject, stronger the probability of being a self-actualizing individual. Subjects working on flexible organizations and contemporary management models show 1,39 times more chance of being self-actualized, than workers on hierarchical organizations. 50,7% of the total sample is composed by individuals working under traditional employment strict rules (CLT). Subjects in this group presents lower probability (7,4%) of being self-actualized. Individuals whose jobs and employment agreements are more flexible and autonomous have superior index for self-actualization. 90% of the sample have mentioned negative emotional impact from previous jobs. Conclusions are that self-actualization potential will be higher as the subject is older, more experienced and has higher educational level. Flexible and autonomous working conditions will also have a positive impact on self-actualization index

本研究之研究目的如下： 一、 描繪出職棒現場觀眾的人口統計項目。 二、 整體描繪出職棒現場觀眾之職棒特殊生活型態。 三、 整體描繪出職棒現場觀眾之觀賞動機。 四、 整體描繪出職棒現場觀眾之對球賽的滿意程度。 五、 探討職棒球迷之不同的人口統計變項在特殊生活型態、觀賞動機與滿意程度是否有影響。 六、 找出台灣職業棒球的問題點。 七、 為台灣職業棒球做行銷策略規劃。 研究對象為所有曾親自至職棒比賽球場觀賽的消費者，進行問卷調查，一共得到６４９份有效問卷。 本研究重要發現: 一、 人口統計方面，職棒現場觀眾以男性為主。 二、 在特殊生活型態方面，對職棒較熱衷的是年齡在26-30歲及36歲以上的男性，教育程度為高中高職，職業並非學生，每月收入在30,000元以上的族群。 三、 在職棒現場比賽觀賞動機方面，最重要的動機是「特別喜歡某球隊的演出」、「球賽精彩刺激吸引」及「比賽時加油的熱烈氣氛吸引」。 四、 在職棒現場比賽觀賞滿意程度方面，最令觀眾滿意的是「球場看球氣氛」，最令觀眾不滿意的是「比賽場地硬體設備」。 五、 職棒票房不振的主要原因是「簽賭事件」、「球員水準」、「兩聯盟惡性競爭」及「場地設備不良」。

Gulf oysters are harvested and consumed year-round, with more than 90% consumed in a raw, unprocessed state. A chief concern of policymakers in recent years is the incidence of Vibrio vulnificus infection following raw seafood consumption. V.vulnificus refers to a halophilic bacterium naturally occurring in brackish coastal waters, which concentrates in filter-feeding oysters. Proposed FDA legislation requiring processing of all raw Gulf oysters sold during warmer summer months threatens the Gulf oyster industry, as little to no research regarding demand for post-harvest processing (PHP) has preceded the potential mandate. This research endeavors to examine the relationship between oyster consumers' fears of V.vulnificus infection and their willingness-to-pay (WTP) for processing of an oyster meal. The psychological model of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) is employed alongside the economic framework of contingent valuation (CV) to result in an analysis of oyster processing demand with respect to threats and efficacy. A survey administered to 2,172 oyster consumers in six oyster producing states elicits projected consumption and PMT data. Principal Component Analysis is used to reduce the number of PMT variables to a smaller size, resulting in five individual principal components representing the PMT elements of source information, threat appraisal, coping appraisal, maladaptive coping, and protection motivation. Using survey data, the marginal willingness-to-pay (MWTP) for PHP per oyster meal is also calculated, and the five created PMT variables are regressed on this calculation using four separate OLS models. Results indicate significant correlation for four of the five created PMT variables. In addition, a mean MWTP for PHP of $0.31 per oyster meal is determined, contributing to the demand analysis for processing of Gulf oysters. The findings suggest a strong relationship between the fear elements and the demand for processing, and support arguments in favor of further research on specific PHP treatments and the necessity for a valid PMT survey instrument.