Historiskt sett har bostadsfastigheter begränsats till den areal som krävs för att fastigheten väsentligen ska få karaktär av en bostadstomt. En ökad efterfrågan på ett attraktivt landsbygdsboende resulterade i ändringar av fastighetsbildningslagen, vilket gjorde det möjligt att bilda stora bostadsfastigheter med kombinerat ändamål, helt i linje med den gällande glesbygdspolitiken. Fortfarande fanns det dock restriktioner mot att tillföra skogsmark till bostadsfastigheter för att skydda det produktiva skogsbruket. Lantmäteriet tog därför fram arbetsrekommendationer för att underlätta möjligheten att tillföra skogsskiften, bland annat för uttag av husbehovsved. Denna studie hade syftet att undersöka hur lagändringen med efterföljande arbetsrekommendationer påverkat bildandet av stora bostadsfastigheter på landsbygden. Varför människor flyttar är en viktig fråga för både forskare inom området och politiker, eftersom regionalpolitik bör anpassas till var människor vill bo och varför de väljer att flytta dit. Tidigare studier har framförallt fokuserat på ekonomiska flyttmotiv, men boendemiljöns och naturens inverkan har belysts alltmer under de senare åren. Den betydelse fastighetens fysiska utformning har för flyttbeslutet är dock mindre utrett. Vi har därför undersökt om och hur dessa fastigheter påverkat bosättningen på landsbygden inom de utvalda kommunerna. Studien bestod dels av en postenkät till de fastighetsägare som innehar dessa stora bostadsfastigheter med ingående skogsskiften, dels semistrukturerade intervjuer med lantmätare som genomfört dessa förrättningar. Sammantaget såg vi att stora bostadsfastigheter med skog och mark var en anledning till den kontraurbanisering som skett eftersom flera av de flyttskäl som angetts varit svåra att uppnå med en annan typ av fastighet. Även om lantmätarnas bedömning skiljde sig när det gällde detaljer så uppfylldes det huvudsakliga syftet att bilda lämpliga och attraktiva bostadsfastigheter utan att det produktiva skogsbruket skadats. Slutsatsen att de fastigheter som bildats upplevs som attraktiva drog vi genom att de som flyttat till dessa fastigheter utnyttjade de möjligheter som fanns med detta boende. / Historically, residential property is limited to the area needed for the property to substantially have the character of a residential plot. An increased demand for an attractive rural housing resulted in changes to property law, which made it possible to form large residential properties with combined purposes, all in line with the existing rural policy. Still, however, there were restrictions to bring forest land to residential plots for the protection of the productive forestry. The Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authority (Lantmäteriet) have therefore created working recommendations to facilitate the opportunity to incorporate forest plots, including the collection of firewood for household use. This study had the aim to investigate how the amended legislation, with subsequent work recommendations influenced the formation of large residential properties in rural areas. Why people move is an important issue for both researchers in the field and politicians, as the regional policy should be adapted to where people want to live and why they choose to move there. Previous studies have mainly focused on economic motives, but the living environment and nature’s impact has been increasingly highlighted in recent years. The importance of the property’s physical design for the decision to move, however, is less investigated. We have therefore examined whether and how those properties affected settlement in rural areas within the selected municipalities. The study consisted partly of a postal questionnaire to the property owners who hold these large residential properties with forest parcels included and semi-structured interviews with surveyors who carried out these missions. Overall, we saw that large residential properties with forest and land was a reason for the counter-urbanization that has taken place because many of the migratory reasons given have been difficult to achieve with a different type of property. Although surveyors’ assessment differed in terms of details the main purpose to create appropriate and attractive residential properties without the productive forest damaged was fulfilled. We made the conclusion that the property formed, perceived as attractive by those who moved to these properties because they took advantage of the opportunities available with this accommodation.

The paper explores the driving forces behind corporate cash holdings by analyzing past literature and extending this research to the behavior of firms after the 2008 recession. I look at the cash to assets and net debt to assets ratios from October 1980 to October 2011 to obtain an understanding of the past and current state of cash holdings. A comprehensive literature review is done on agency costs and transactional motives to give the reader an overview of the costs and benefits of holding cash. This provides the foundation for the precautionary motives for companies today to keep cash as a risk management tool.

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Given the importance of entrepreneurship to individuals and to society, and given that the individual has come to be seen as not only an important function of social and economic processes but also as an important end of these processes, the link between entrepreneurship and well-being requires further investigation. To that end, this thesis provides a solid framework for understanding and measuring well-being in entrepreneurship, and a comprehensive theoretical and empirical examination of the intimate relationship between these two phenomena. Some new and very interesting results were produced: • Active engagement in the creation of new business activities leads to greater well-being by granting the freedom to self-organize work and working relationships, which satisfies individual’s needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. • Entrepreneurial engagement is detrimental to mental health during its early inception in planning and deliberation, which may explain why many fail to transition from thought to action in entrepreneurship. • The presence of a discrepancy between extrinsic life goals and motives is just as strong a predictor of well-being in entrepreneurship as the presence of strong intrinsic life goals and motives. • Entrepreneurial Well-Being, a context-specific state of mental wellness derived from engagement in entrepreneurship, uniquely contributes to entrepreneurs’ overall well-being and is associated with a range of cognitive and motivational processes crucial to entrepreneurship. The reasons for these findings, and the mechanisms involved, are explained at length. My hope is that this work will usher on the adoption of a more integrated approach to assessing and optimizing entrepreneurial performance in terms of both business outcomes and mental health outcomes, as well as offer insights relevant to well-being and its promotion on a more general level. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, 2015</p>

Η παρούσα μελέτη διερευνά τις απόψεις, τις αντιλήψεις και τη σχέση των προπτυχιακών φοιτητών του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών με το Πανεπιστήμιο συνολικότερα. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, εξετάζονται τα κριτήρια βάσει των οποίων ο φοιτητής ή η φοιτήτρια επιλέγει τη σχολή φοίτησης αλλά και η άποψη που είχαν οι φοιτητές/φοιτήτριες για το Πανεπιστήμιο πριν εισαχθούν σε αυτό. Ακολούθως, ιδιαίτερο βάρος δίνεται στην πορεία που διανύουν οι φοιτητές μέσα στο Πανεπιστήμιο, τους παράγοντες που την καθορίζουν και πως αυτοί επιδρούν στην προσωπικότητα των φοιτητών. Διερευνώνται, επίσης, οι προοπτικές τους μετά την απόκτηση του πτυχίου, μέσα από το δικό τους οπτικό πρίσμα αλλά και αυτό των γονιών τους. Πέραν της υπάρχουσας βιβλιογραφίας, η έρευνα στηρίζεται σε 21 ατομικές, ημι-δομημένες συνεντεύξεις με προπτυχιακούς φοιτητές και φοιτήτριες του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών. Όσον αφορά την ερμηνεία αυτών στηριχθήκαμε στην Grounded Theory αλλά και στη θεωρία του Bourdieu περί κοινωνικού και πολιτιστικού κεφαλαίου. Από την έρευνα προκύπτει ότι η πλειονότητα των παιδιών αποφασίζουν αυτοί για την εισαγωγή και για τις μελλοντικές επιλογές τους χωρίς να πιέζονται από τους γονείς αλλά απογοητεύονται από την εσωτερική εικόνα του Πανεπιστημίου. Τέλος, οι διδάσκοντες και η (οικονομική) κρίση μοιάζουν να επηρεάζουν σημαντικά την Πανεπιστημιακή πορεία αλλά και τα όνειρα των ερωτώμενων. / This study surveys the views, the perceptions and the relationship of undergraduate students of the University of Patras with the University as a whole. More specifically, we examine the criteria according to which the students choose their faculty and the inspection they had about the University prior to being accepted. Afterwards, special attention is paid to the course of students during their University years, the factors that determine it, and its effects on personality. Their prospects after graduation through theirs and their parents’ point of view are examined, as well. In addition to the existing literature, the research is based on 21 individual, semi-structured interviews with undergraduate students of the University of Patras. Grounded Theory and Bourdieu’s theory of social and cultural capital were used as hermeneutical tools to induct meaning out of the data. Research reveals that the majority of students decide on their own about their future choices without being influenced by their parents but students are let down by University’s inside conditions. Finally, academic instructors and financial crisis seem to affect considerably the University course and the dreams of the interviewees.

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Dynasties of Demons: Cannibalism from Lu Xun to Yu Hua focuses on the issue of representations of the body in modern Chinese fiction. My interest concerns the relationship, or correspondence between "textual" bodies and the physical "realities" they are meant to represent, particularly where those representations involve the body as a discursive site for the intersection of state ideology and the individual. The relationship between the body and the state has been a question of profound significance for modern Chinese literati dating back to the late Qing, but it was Lu Xun who, with the publication of his short story "Kuangren riji" (Diary of a Madman), in 1918, initiated the literaty discourse on China's "apparent penchant for cannibalizing its own people. In the first chapter of my dissertation I discuss L u Xun's fiction by exploring two distinct, though not mutually exclusive issues: (1) his diagnosis of China's debilitating "spiritual illness," which he characterized as being cannibalistic; (2) his highly inventive, counter-intuitive narrative strategy for critiquing traditional Chinese culture without contributing to or stimulating his reader's prurient interests in violent spectacle. To my knowledge I am the first critic of modern Chinese literature to write about Lu Xun's erasure of the spectacle body. In Chapters II, III and IV, I discuss the writers Han Shaogong, Mo Yan, and Yu Hua, respectively, to illustrate that sixty years after Lu Xun's madman first "wrote" the prophetic words, chi ren A (eat people), a number of post-Mao writers took up their pens to announce that the human feast did not end with Confucianism; on the contrary, with the advent of Maoism the feasting began in earnest. Each of these post-Mao writers approaches the issue of China's "spiritual dysfunction" from quite different perspectives, which I have characterized in the following way: Han Shaogong (Atavism); Mo Yan (Ambivalent-Nostalgia); and Yu Hua (Deconstruction). As becomes evident through my analysis of selected texts, despite their very significant differences (personal, geographic, stylistic) all three writers come to oddly similar conclusions that are, in and of themselves, not dissimilar to the conclusion arrived at by Lu Xun's madman.

Final work of the Master‘s studies, 75 pages, 13 pictures, 8 tables, 48 literature sources, 6 appendices, in Lithuanian language. KEY WORDS: motivation of consultants, motivation tools, motivation system, model of motivation system, structure of motives, motivation level. Research object: Lithuanian agricultural consulting services, consultants of Chamber of Agriculture of Lithuanian Republic and JSC “ETKC”. Research subject: motivation system of consultants. Research aim: to create the consultants’ motivation system based on the analysis of the scientific literature and the results of the researches performed. Objectives: 1. To analyse and summarize the main concepts and the theories of the motivation of employees. 2. To discuss the means of employees’ motivation and the possible ways of their application. 3. To analyse the employees’ motivation system and prepare a theoretical model of the consultants’ motivation system. 4. To investigate the main factors that motivate the consultants in the enterprises analysed. 5. To create a system of the motivation of consultants based on the results of the research. Research methods: method of a cooperative scientific research - analysis of the scientific literature, quantitative research method – survey based on questionnaires of the consultants of the organisations in question, method of comparative analysis, method of logical analysis and conclusion findings, method of graphical representation. On the basis of theoretical part... [to full text]

Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti seksualinio elgesio motyvų svarbą studentų rizikingo seksualinio elgesio ir asmenybės bruožų sąsajai. Tyrime dalyvavo 319 Klaipėdos universiteto studentų, iš jų seksualinę patirtį turėjo 241 studentai (75,5 proc.). Tyrime buvo naudojami seksualinio elgesio motyvų, saugaus seksualinio elgesio motyvacijos, seksualinio elgesio klausimai, Didžiojo penketo asmenybės klausimynas ir polinkio rizikuoti klausimynas. Išanalizavus rezultatus nustatyta, jog vyrų seksualinis elgesys rizikingesnis nei moterų. Seksualinę patirtį prognozuoja vyresnis amžius, labiau išreikštas polinkis rizikuoti, labiau išreikšti malonumo motyvai. Taip pat nustatyta, jog didėjant studentų ekstraversijai, mažėjant sutariamumui bei didėjant polinkiui rizikuoti, didėja rizikingas seksualinis elgesys. Sąžiningumas, neurotiškumas, atvirumas patirčiai, impulsyvumas nėra susiję su rizikingu seksualiniu elgesiu. Didėjant studentų malonumo, įveikos, savęs pastiprinimo ir partnerio palankumo motyvams bei mažėjant studentų vidinei motyvacijai, rizikingas seksualinis elgesys didėja. Intymumo ir bendraamžių palankumo motyvai nėra susiję su rizikingu seksualiniu elgesiu. Sutariamumo ir rizikingo seksualinio elgesio ryšį prognozuoja didesni intymumo motyvai ir mažesnė vidinė saugaus seksualinio elgesio motyvacija. Sąžiningumo ryšį su rizikingu seksualiniu elgesiu prognozuoja mažesni įveikos/ savęs pastiprinimo motyvai. Polinkio rizikuoti ryšį su rizikingu seksualiniu elgesiu prognozuoja didesni... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study was to assess the importance of Sexual Behavior Motives in prediction of between Student‘s Risky Sexual Behavior and Personality Traits. The subjects of the study were 319 student of Klaipeda university. 241 (75,5 percent) of them had sexual experience. In this research motives for sex questionnaire, motivation of safer sexual behavior questionnaire, sexual behavior questions, Big Five Personality questionnaire and Risk Taking Propensity questionnaire were used. The statistic analysis showed that men sexual behavior is riskier than women. Sexual experience predicted elder age, increase risk taking propensity and increase enhancement motives. Statistic analysis also showed that student’s increased risky sexual behavior is related to increase of extraversion and risk taking propensity and decrease of agreeableness. Student’s personality traits: conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness to experience are not related to risky sexual behavior. Student risky sexual behavior increase when student’s enhancement, coping, affirmation, partner approval motives increase and student’s intrinsic motivation decrease. Intimacy and peer approval motives are not related to risky sexual behavior. Correlation of agreeableness and risky sexual behavior is predicted by increase intimacy motives and decrease intrinsic motivation. Correlation of conscientiousness and risky sexual behavior is predicted by decrease coping/ affirmation motives. Correlation of risk taking... [to full text]

Antoni Gaudi was the architect of the Sagrada Familia from 1883 to 1926. Over this period of time he prepared the overall design and supervised the construction of the Nativity facade. One of Gaudi's main design objectives was to include tubular bells in the tall slender towers. It has been said that through his sound studies for these bells, Gaudi developed his musical sentiments most fully. Through the sound of bells, accompanied by song, he imagined a festive environment around the temple. These considerations might be seen as reflecting the overall spirit of the time, as Catalonia was in effect experiencing a cultural rebirth known as the Renaixenca . Originating with the call of the poets, this time of exuberant growth for Catalonia was one that was built upon the rebirth of language. As a result, language through poetry continued to be celebrated throughout the century, particularly through annual poetic contests called the Jocs Florals. This paper studies the facade of the Nativity as a expression of this culturally exuberant time by exploring how the Jocs Florals, and poetry in general, may have played a role in shaping its form and sound. The study also acknowledges the fact that Gaudi's inspiration for his design was derived from symbolism associated with the Catholic liturgy. The result is architecture that might be described as a union of religious and cultural symbolism, yet ultimately its festive expression is a poetic one. As such, the Sagrada Familia might be described as a celebration that is a call to gathering.