Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:32:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Lilian Silvestre Laranjeira.pdf: 1522984 bytes, checksum: de7cff7c87be250a6f078e832ac44c25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The international expansion for several Brazilian companies is surrounded by challenges, inclusively endogenous, that obstruct their more pro-active attitude in the complex and unstable environment where the globalized organizations operate. Notwithstanding, beginning with the comprehension of the internationalization process, based on the stage models, a firm can provide subsidies to predict and plan its internationalization, in addition, influence other companies. From that, the current dissertation presents the outcomes of research with the general objective being to comprehend the internationalization process of Mormaii Indústria e Comércio, Importação e Exportação de Artigos Esportivos Ltda. between the years 1987 and 2005. This research relies on a qualitative and interpretative study case. Primary data was collected via semi-structured interviews with managers from the organization in Brazil, with the director of the partner company in Germany, with managers of three competitor companies at the international fair ISPO Winter 2006 and with the CEO of a winter sports company in Austria. The auxiliary data came from a documental scientific basis, from the company itself and from the digital media. The data obtained was analyzed in terms of content and significance in order to achieve the categories of explanation. The research results revealed that the internationalization process of this organization has been developed according to the Uppsala Model. There were three consolidated stages of internationalization identified as adopted by the organization. The first two stages were considered emergent while the last stage was a systematic and deliberated process of international expansion activities. / A expansão internacional para muitas empresas brasileiras é cercada de desafios, inclusive endógenos, impedindo uma atitude mais pró-ativa das mesmas frente ao meio complexo e instável em que operam as organizações globalizadas. No entanto, a partir da compreensão do processo de internacionalização com base nos modelos de estágios, a empresa pode gerar subsídios para a previsão e planejamento de sua internacionalização e influenciar demais empresas. Diante disso, a presente dissertação apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo geral compreender o processo de internacionalização da Mormaii Indústria e Comércio, Importação e Exportação de Artigos Esportivos Ltda. entre os anos 1987 e 2005. A pesquisa apóia-se na técnica do estudo de caso, de natureza qualitativa e interpretativa. Os dados primários foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os dirigentes da organização no Brasil, com o dirigente da empresa parceira na Alemanha, com os dirigentes de três empresas concorrentes presentes na feira Internacional ISPO Winter 2006 e com o CEO de uma empresa de esportes de inverno na Áustria. Já os dados secundários foram provenientes de base documental científica, da própria empresa e da mídia digital. Após coletados, os dados foram analisados quanto ao seu conteúdo e significado, visando identificar as categorias de apreciação. Os resultados revelaram que o processo de internacionalização da organização se deu de acordo com o modelo de Uppsala. Foram identificados três estágios consolidados de internacionalização vivenciados pela organização. As duas primeiras foram emergentes enquanto que a última fase ocorreu a partir de um processo sistemático e deliberado de atividades de expansão internacional.

Studien syftade till att undersöka anledningar till att tjänstepersonal utan extra övertidsersättning arbetar övertid inom rekryterings- och bemanningsbranschen. Prediktorerna arbetskrav, arbetets plats i ens liv, inre och yttre arbetsmotivation samt harmonisk och manisk passion för arbetet undersöktes mot utfallsvariabeln övertidstimmar. Studien genomfördes som en enkät som skickades ut digitalt genom Google Forms till 16 bemannings- och rekryteringsföretag. QPS Nordic behandlade frågor om arbetskrav, arbetets plats i ens liv samt inre och yttre arbetsmotiv medan PTWS behandlade frågor om harmonisk och manisk passion för arbetet. Resultatet visade att arbetskrav predicerade arbetade övertidstimmar. Korrelationen var positiv vilket innebar att arbetskrav ökade med andelen övertid. Ingen skillnad observerades i övriga prediktorer. Studiens slutsats var att det var arbetskrav som fick tjänstepersonal inom rekryterings- och bemanningsbranschen att arbeta övertid, vilket arbetsgivare bör vara uppmärksamma på i och med de hälsokonsekvenser som kan vara till följd av övertidsarbete. / The study aimed to investigate reasons to work overtime among employees without overtime compensation in the staffing and recruitment industry depending on work demands, the place of work in one’s life, internal and external working motivation and harmonious and obsessive passion toward work. The study was conducted as a digital survey sent to 16 companies. QPS Nordic measured work demands, the place of work in one’s life and internal and external working motivation. PTWS measured harmonious and obsessive passion toward work. The present study showed that work demands predicted overtime hours. No difference was observed in the other predictors. The conclusion of the study was that work demands made employees in the staffing and recruitment industry work overtime hours and that employers should pay attention to this regarding the health implications resulting from working overtime.

Through an exploration of both sculptural and thought processes undertaken in making my Masters exhibition, ‘Hippocampus’, I unpack some possibilities, instabilities, and limitations inherent in representation and visual perception. This thesis explores the Hippocampus as image (seahorse) and concept (brain-structure involved in cognitive mapping of space). Looking at Gilles Deleuze’s writings on representation, I will expand on the notion of the map as being that which does not define and fix a structure or meaning, but rather is open, extendable and experimental. I explore the becoming, rather than the being, of image and concept. The emphasis here is on process, non-representation, and fluidity of meaning. This is supportive of my personal affirmation of the practice and process of art-making as research. I will refer to the graphic prints of Maurits Cornelis Escher as a means to elucidate a visual contextualization of my practical work, particularly with regard to the play with two- and three-dimensional space perception. Through precisely calculated ‘experiments’ that show up the partiality of our visual perception of space, Escher alludes to things that either cannot actually exist as spatial objects or do exist, but resist representation. Similarly I will explore how my own sculptures, although existing in space resist a fixed representation and suggest ideas of other spaces, non-spaces; an in-between space that does not pin itself down and become fixed to any particular image, idea, objector representation.

This thesis deals with the value orientation of students of the Faculty of Theology the University of South Bohemia in Budweis in their leisure time. Firstly, there are explained the basic concepts, which are followed by a detailed overview of particular value concepts to their philosophical, sociological, pedagogical and psychological perspective. Furthermore, the classification values of the selected authors, roles of values and their importance in human life and society are presented in this thesis. Last but not least is this thesis focused on the researches of value orientations in both Czech and foreign literature. There is a chapter elaborated about the leisure time, its concepts, definitions of selected authors, functions of leisure time and its role in socioscientific contexts at the conclusion of the theory part. The main aim of the research is to describe and analyze the value orientation of students of the Faculty of Theology the University of South Bohemia in Budweis in their leisure time. The data obtained from a non-standardized questionnaire will be compared by gender, the age of students and their years of study at the Theological Faculty. Eventually, will be the evaluation and recomendation made for the use in practise.

The purpose of this study was to investigate internationalisation of Ethiopian SMEs by examining internal and external factors that motivate or restrict internationalization process and the impact of internal and external barriers on SMEs export performance. The small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) sector in Ethiopia is a significant group within the economy in terms of firm numbers and total employment. However, the SMEs sector’s share of exports is disproportionately small, which raised considerable research concerns. Firm export propensity and export performance were the dependent variables and export stimuli and barrier factors were used as explanatory variables. The study was conducted through mixed research design. A questionnaire was administered to 90(36 exporting and 54 nonexporting) SMEs in Leather and Leather Products Industry in Addis Ababa selected through stratified random sampling. In order to complement survey results nine (4 exporting and 5 non-exporting) SMEs were selected through critical case purposive sampling and an in-depth interviews were conducted. Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS 20) was used to analyse the quantitative data whereas, qualitative data were analysed manually. Analytical techniques used were, Chisquare test of independence, Spearman rank order correlation, factor analysis, binary logistic regression analysis and multiple regression analysis. The statistical results of binary logistic regression analysis and chi-square tests indicated that managerial factors, internal marketing factors and foreign government related factors, firm ownership and size are the most significant motivators of SMEs internationalisation in Ethiopia. On the contrary the result showed that, logistics problem, insufficient finance, functional barriers, lack of export knowledge and information, procedural barriers and international trade barriers are the factors hindering it. Further analysis was conducted to examine the impact of export barriers on performance of firms. The result of multiple regression analysis indicated that, export barriers significantly and negatively affect export performance. The overall results revealed that explanatory variables used in the analysis significantly predict the dependent variable at 95% confidence level. Considering these results numerous implications for theory, practice, and future research were recommended. Finally, the study concluded that internationalisation of SMEs has to be encouraged by mitigating both internal and external barriers identified in this study. / Business Management / D. Admin. (Business Management)

Malgré le nombre important d'observations témoignant de l'étendue de l'influence des normes sociales sur les réponses individuelles (i.e. les croyances, l'attitude, le comportement), une catégorie de réponses, les réactions hédoniques, a reçu trop peu d'attention pour qu'il soit possible de savoir si elle est, elle aussi, affectée par les normes de groupe. L'absence de résultats concernant l'existence d'un tel effet des normes sociales est problématique en marketing dans la mesure où l'évaluation de nombreux produits dépend du plaisir que leur consommation procure (i.e. les biens expérientiels). Dans cette recherche, c'est le cas de l'influence normative directe des groupes de référence, pour des motifs relatifs au soi, sur les réponses à la musique qui est plus spécifiquement abordé. Par ailleurs, le rôle modérateur des différences d'accessibilité dans les dimensions d'indépendance et d'interdépendance du construit de soi dans le phénomène d'influence normative des groupes de référence est envisagé. Certaines recherches s'accordent sur l'idée que les indépendants sont moins influencés que les interdépendants par les normes des groupes de référence. Néanmoins, les résultats de plusieurs recherches suggèrent que loin d'être insensibles aux normes sociales, les indépendants peuvent même, dans certaines situations, être plus influencés que les interdépendants. Il est alors proposé que si un groupe véhicule une identité sociale cohérente avec les buts des indépendants, alors ils devraient s'y identifier plus fortement et être plus influencés par ce groupe que les interdépendants. Une expérience en ligne (n=278) et une expérience en laboratoire (n=190) sont réalisées. Les résultats montrent que les groupes de référence exercent une influence normative directe, pour des motifs relatifs au soi, sur les réactions hédoniques à la musique, la réaction affective globale qui en découle (i.e. l'attitude), les croyances relatives à la qualité « objective » de la musique et le besoin que ressentent les personnes d'en refaire l'expérience. Contrairement à ce qui était attendu, le construit de soi ne modère pas l'influence normative. Cependant, les résultats suggèrent que les indépendants peuvent s'identifier plus fortement à certains groupes de référence que les interdépendants. Les apports académiques et managériaux qu'impliquent ces résultats sont discutés. / Normative influence has proved to be pervasive. However, despite the large amount of empirical results showing the extent of social norms influence on individual's responses (i.e. beliefs, attitude, behavior), a type of response, hedonic reactions, has been largely ignored by research. Thus, normative influence effect on hedonic reactions remains fundamentally unknown. Lack of results regarding such an effect raises important issues for marketing as many products' assessment depends on the pleasure their consumption provides (i.e. experiential goods). This research investigates immediate normative reference group influence for self-related motives on responses to music. Self-construal, a key moderator of normative influence is also considered. Few researches agreed on the idea that individuals with an independent self-construal (i.e. independents) are less sensitive to normative influence that individuals with an interdependent self-construal (i.e. interdependent). However, some results suggest that far from being insensitive to social norms, independents can even be, in particular settings, more influenced than interdependent. Thus, the hypothesis is made that if a group conveys a social identity which is consistent with independents' goals, then independents should identify to a greater extent with this group and be positively more influenced by the group norms than interdependent. An online experiment (n=278) and a laboratory experiment (n=190) are conducted. Results show that reference groups can exert an immediate normative influence for self-related motives on hedonic reactions to music, overall affective response (i.e. attitude), beliefs regarding the music “objective” quality and need to reexperience the music. Contrary to what was expected, self-construal do not moderate normative influence. However, results suggest that independents can identify to a greater extent to some groups than interdependents. Implications for research and marketing strategies are discussed.

Titel: Miljömässigt- och socialt ansvarstagande i SME - En studie om motiv vid implementeringen av CSR i svenska SME  Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi  Författare: Elin Ahlgren och Frida Ahlstedt Handledare: Tomas Källquist och Pär Villhelmson  Datum: Juni - 2018 Bakgrund och Syfte: Tidigare forskning presenterar flertalet motiv vid implementering av CSR. Motiven ökar medvetenheten kring varför företag genomför implementering av CSR. Kunskapen kring motiven vid implementering av CSR i SME är bristfällig, detta då tidigare studier främst har riktats mot stora företag. Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för vilka motiv som ligger till grund för implementering av CSR i SME, med fokus på värdemotivet, ekonomimotivet och intressentmotivet.                   Metod: Studien utgår från hermeneutiken och socialkonstruktivismen med en abduktiv forskningsansats. Studien tillämpar en kvalitativ undersökningsmetod där den empiriska datainsamlingen genomförts med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Den teoretiska referensramen baseras på tidigare forskning och det empiriska materialet är grupperat efter teman och kategorier som uppkommit vid intervjuerna. Utifrån den abduktiva forskningsansatsen har den teoretiska referensramen och det empiriska datamaterialet analyserats i samspel med varandra för att besvara studiens syfte.                       Slutsats:Studien tyder på att värdemotivet, ekonomimotivet och intressentmotivet ligger till grund för implementeringen av CSR i SME. Studien visar även att värdemotivet är det motiv som anses ha den mest centrala och betydande rollen vid implementering av CSR i SME.                      Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Vidare forskning bör fokusera på motivens betydelse vid implementering av CSR i specifika branscher. Dessutom kan intressenternas perspektiv gällande frågan studeras genom att titta på om motiven vid implementeringen av CSR uppfattas av intressenterna.   Studiens bidrag: Ur ett teoretiskt perspektiv bidrar denna studie med en förståelse för att värdemotivet, ekonomimotivet och intressentmotivet kan tillämpas vid en studie gällande implementering av CSR i SME. Ur ett praktiskt perspektiv bidrar denna studie med råd gällande hur företag och dess ledare kan öka kunskapen kring CSR och därmed tillämpa CSR-aktiviteter som är anpassade efter företagets förutsättningar. / Title: Environmental and social responsibility in SMEs - A study of underlying motivation when implementing CSR in Swedish SMEs.   Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration    Author: Elin Ahlgren and Frida Ahlstedt   Supervisor: Tomas Källquist and Pär Villhelmson   Date: June - 2018                      Aim: Previous research presents the majority of motives when implementing CSR. Motivations raise awareness of why companies implement CSR. Knowledge about the motivation for implementing CSR in SMEs is inadequate, as previous studies have primarily focused on large companies. The aim of the study is to increase understanding of the motives underlying the implementation of CSR in SMEs, focusing on the value-motive, the economy-motive and the stakeholder-motive.                      Method: The study is based on a hermeneutical and social constructivist perspective with an abductive research effort. The study applies a qualitative survey method in which empirical data collection was conducted using semi-structured interviews. The theoretical frame of reference is based on previous research and the empirical material is grouped according to the themes and categories that arose during the interviews. Based on the abductive research effort, the theoretical reference frame and empirical data have been analyzed in interaction with each other to answer the purpose of the study.                  Conclusions: The study suggests that the value-driven, the performance-drivenand the stakeholder-driven motive form the basis for implementing CSR in SMEs. The study also shows that the value-driven motive is the motive considered to be the most central and significant role in implementing CSR in SMEs.   Suggestions for future research: Further research should focus on the importance of the motives when implementing CSR in specific industries. Also, the stakeholders' perspective on the issue can be studied by looking at whether the motives for implementing CSR are perceived by stakeholders.   Contribution of the thesis: From a theoretical perspective, this study contributes with an understanding that the value-driven, the performance-drivenand the stakeholder-driven motive can be applied in a study on implementation of CSR in SMEs. From a practical perspective, this study contributes with advice about how companies and their leaders can increase knowledge about CSR and apply CSR-activities tailored to the company's conditions.

Overconsumption has become a common phenomenon in our contemporary consumer society. Furthermore, overconsumption has repeatedly been pointed out for its negative impact on the wellbeing of both humans and the environment. Alternative consumption and minimalism have, in recent years, become increasingly noticeable as a solution to this problem. The purpose of this study is threefold. First, from a Swedish context provide information on the motives of individuals who choose an alternative consumption or a minimalistic lifestyle, second, how these choices are important to the construction of these individuals’ self-identity, and third to discuss the significance of objects for these individuals. Previous research shows that motives for individuals who choose alternative ways of consumption are both personal benefits and activist ideologies. Financial capacity also plays a major role in an individual’s ability to consume alternatively or choose a minimalistic lifestyle. We have noted that previous research is currently lacking to explain how alternative ways of consumption are related to the construction of self-identity. Previous research also shows that there seems to be an ongoing discussion about the definition of the concepts of alternative consumption and minimalism. Our study is based on qualitative interviews with five individuals where both alternative consumers and minimalists are represented. This study's findings show that the main motive of our interviewees to choose alternative ways of consumption is that these lifestyles has given rise to increased well-being. It also shows that some participants have been able to develop an emotional distance to their belongings through these lifestyle choices. The results also indicate that the interviewees do in fact construct their self-identity through alternative ways of consumption. Also, that class affiliation is a crucial factor for the individuals' ability to choose a lifestyle characterized by alternative ways of consumption. / Överkonsumtion har blivit ett vardagligt fenomen i vårt samtida konsumtionssamhälle. Detta har upprepade gånger pekats ut som en bidragande faktor till att välbefinnandet hos både människa och miljö påverkats negativt. Både alternativ konsumtion och minimalism har på senare år blivit allt mer uppmärksammade som lösningar på detta problem. I denna studie är syftet att utifrån en svensk kontext bidra med kunskap om vilka motiv individer har till att välja en alternativ konsumtion eller en minimalistisk livsstil, hur detta i sin tur har betydelse för konstruktionen av självidentiteten samt vilken betydelse ting har för dessa individer. Tidigare forskning har visat att personliga fördelar och aktivistiska ideologier varit motiv för individer till att välja alternativa konsumtionssätt. Förutsättningarna för att göra dessa livsstilsval skiljer sig dock beroende på vilken ekonomisk kapacitet människor besitter. Vi har uppmärksammat att nuvarande forskning är bristfällig i att förklara hur alternativa konsumtionssätt står i relation till identitetsskapande. Det tycks även finnas en pågående diskussion i tidigare forskning om definitionen av begreppen alternativ konsumtion och minimalism. Vår studie är baserad på kvalitativa intervjuer med fem intervjupersoner där både alternativa konsumenter och minimalister finns representerade. Studiens resultat visar att intervjupersonernas huvudsakliga motiv till att välja ett alternativt konsumtionssätt är att livsstilen givit upphov till ett ökat välbefinnande. Resultatet visar även att vissa deltagare har utvecklat en emotionell distansering till sina ägodelar genom deras val av livsstil. Resultatet tyder även på att intervjupersonerna konstruerar sin självidentitet genom alternativa konsumtionssätt samt att klasstillhörigheten återigen anses vara en avgörande faktor för individers förmåga att välja en livsstil präglad av alternativa konsumtionssätt.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:09:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1475994 bytes, checksum: 33301b5249d6feb0aa97c1d380f70f38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation seek to investigate the motives which lead students who conclude the Literate Brazil Programme (PBA), in the municipality of Conde (State of Paraiba, Brazil) to continue (or not) their studies in youth and adult education programmes. Discussion on the continuity of schooling by means of youth and adult education (YAE) is developed within the perspective of Popular Education. We begin by analyzing the Decrees and Resolutions on the Literate Brazil Programme published by the Ministry of Education, reports from the State Forums of Youth and Adult Education and documents which deal specifically with youth and adult literacy in Brazil with a view to understanding current concerns and actions involving the continuity of studies by young people, adults and the elderly in the modality of YAE. We then analyze a number of theses and dissertations which deal with PBA with a view to identifying how the challenges with respect to the continuity (or not) of students who conclude PBA are dealt with in the different regions of the country. Finally we interview five students who concluded PBA, in the Municipality of Conde with the intention of identifying and analyzing their reasons for continuing to study. We dedicate special attention to the arguments capable of translating desires, aspirations and anxieties. To this end, we make use of Thematic Analysis, based on the Content Analysis approach (BARDIN, 2011). The works of Freire (2009, 2005, 1998, 1996,1979), Charlot (2005) and Pozo (2002) amongst others served as important references concerning the relation between knowledge and the active role of learners as a means of sustaining the schooling process in the modality of YAE. Amongst the results of the research we highlight: the interviewees consider teaching and learning as a means of creating good relations in the school context; they await urgent feedback, in the form of training, so that they can help the youngsters with home work, in order to obtain a national driving license, in order not to have problems in dealing with bank matters and in order to participate actively in church activities, among other practical demands. / A presente dissertação teve como objetivo investigar os motivos que levam as alunas egressas do Programa Brasil Alfabetizado PBA, do município de Conde/PB, a continuarem (ou não) os estudos na EJA. Este estudo insere, no campo da Educação Popular, a discussão sobre a continuidade da escolarização em EJA. Analisamos, inicialmente, Decretos e Resoluções do PBA, relatórios dos fóruns de EJA e documentos que tratam especialmente da alfabetização de jovens e adultos no Brasil, a fim de compreender como andam as preocupações e as ações voltadas para a continuidade dos estudos de jovens, adultos e idosos na modalidade EJA. Em seguida, percorremos alguns trabalhos de teses e dissertações que tratam do PBA, visando, especialmente, identificar como são abordados os desafios a respeito da continuidade (ou não) dos alunos egressos do PBA nas várias regiões do país. Completando nosso percurso, entrevistamos cinco alunas egressas do Programa, no município de Conde/PB, na intenção de identificar e analisar as razões pelas quais elas continuam a estudar. É dada atenção aos argumentos capazes de traduzir desejos, inquietações e aspirações. Para tanto, trabalhamos com Análise Temática, a partir da abordagem da Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011). Foram dados destaques às obras de Freire (2009,2005, 1998, 1996, 1979), Charlot (2005) e Pozo (2002), entre outros, pelo que trazem sobre relação de saberes e o papel ativo dos educandos, para que o processo de continuidade escolar, na modalidade EJA, sustente-se. Entre os achados da pesquisa, temos que: as entrevistadas pensam o ensinar e o aprender como um meio de bem se relacionar no espaço escolar; aguardam retornos urgentes, como capacitação, para que possam ajudar os mais jovens nas tarefas escolares, conseguir carteira nacional de habilitação, não terem problemas em assuntos de banco e participar ativamente de suas igrejas, entre outras demandas práticas.

In the beginning of April 2011, the Swedish parliament decided to participate in the NATO-led intervention in Libya. The purpose of the intervention was to maintain a no-fly zone, protect civilians and to create an arms embargo. The aim of this thesis is to describe how the Swedish participation was motivated by the Swedish decision-makers in the parliament. It also aims at exploring the possible motives behind the decision to participate, through different theoretical perspectives such as realism, liberalism and constructivism. This was done with an idea analysis where motivations and motives were searched for primarily in the government proposition and the parliament debate concerning the participation. Other sources that were used to explore possible motives were the Swedish department of defense, previous research and newspapers. My findings shows that the Swedish decision to participate in the Libya-intervention was mainly motivated with liberal ideas. They also show that the motives could be many, but the most probable were the liberal ones which likely can be traced to the Swedish national identity.