Submitted by PAULO DE MIRANDA BERNARDO null (paulombernardo@gmail.com) on 2017-10-25T16:38:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Recomposição florestal visando a infiltração de água uma abordagem multicriterial-repositorio.pdf: 4224440 bytes, checksum: c7b74ca84c7beb91df979a93ec24d30f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-10-30T17:34:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardo_pm_me_bot.pdf: 4224440 bytes, checksum: c7b74ca84c7beb91df979a93ec24d30f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-30T17:34:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardo_pm_me_bot.pdf: 4224440 bytes, checksum: c7b74ca84c7beb91df979a93ec24d30f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Para o planejamento dos recursos naturais e avaliação de uma determinada área, é imprescindível analisar e identificar a bacia hidrográfica. O sensoriamento remoto e procedimentos modernos para obter-se imagens, referentes aos novos sistemas de informações geográficas (SIGs), auxiliam na aquisição de diversos tipos de dados. Foram determinadas as áreas que favorecem a conexão entre os fragmentos florestais, com o objetivo de realizar análise de paisagem na sub-bacia do Rio Araquá. Caracterizar o uso e cobertura atual do solo na bacia, por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, chamada de classificação supervisionada por máxima verossimilhança. Depois, com o auxílio do SIG, foi feita a análise multicriterial com o Método da Combinação Linear Ponderada, determinando os critérios (fatores e restrições) e os pesos dos fatores. A área de estudo foi descrita, assim como o material cartográfico e os dados orbitais. Foram gerados mapas de rede de drenagem, de uso e cobertura do solo, declividade, solos, potencial de infiltração, AVA, fragmentos florestais, classificação da paisagem no programa ArcGis e análise multicriterial no Idrisi Selva. Por último, foi gerado o mapa de conexão florestal, em que notou-se que as áreas mais críticas estão próximas à cobertura florestal, onde as conexões de fragmentos são afetadas por ocupação antrópica e pela agricultura, que cresce a cada ano. Para a recuperação dessas áreas, os agentes ambientais devem realizar planejamentos, apoiando-se em uma metodologia que contempla toda a paisagem e ecossistemas, priorizando a conexão entre os fragmentos florestais e perturbações que ocorrem neste ambiente da área de estudo. / River River basin analysis and identification are extremely important to natural resources planning and evaluation of a given area. Remote sensing and modern procedures to capture images corresponding to the new geographic information systems (GIS) assist the acquisition of different types of data. In this study, regions that favor the connection of forest fragments were delimited to perform the landscape evaluation of Araquá river sub-basin. Current land use and cover were characterized using supervised maximum likelihood classification of remotely sensed images. Then GIS-based approach to multi-criteria evaluation was performed with a Weighted Linear Combination Method to determine the conditions (factors and restrictions) and factor weights. The studied area was described as well as the cartographic material and the orbital data. Maps for drainage network, land use/cover, declivity, soil, infiltration capacity, area of variable inflow, forest fragments and landscape classification were generated using ArcGis software and the multi-criteria analysis was performed with Idrisi Selva software. Finally, a map for forest connection was established, which revealed that the most critical areas are near to forest cover where the connection between fragments are affected by anthropic occupation and agriculture. To recover these areas, environmental managers must create strategies based on a methodology that contemplates the entire landscape and ecosystems, prioritizing the connection between forest fragments and the existing disruptions in the studied area. / CNPQ: 133282/2015-5

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-24T13:24:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO (2016-6-30) - JOÁS TOMAZ DE AQUINO.PDF.pdf: 2545956 bytes, checksum: b9aabb94688142e23c5ace4525799a04 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T13:24:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO (2016-6-30) - JOÁS TOMAZ DE AQUINO.PDF.pdf: 2545956 bytes, checksum: b9aabb94688142e23c5ace4525799a04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-30 / FACEPE / Um dos primeiros passos para o sucesso dos projetos é a correta identificação e classificação dos fatores de risco que possuem impacto financeiro substancial. Pois, nesta fase ainda é possível a criação de modelos de gerenciamento de risco mais adaptativos e a criação de estratégias para a mitigação das perdas financeiras subjacentes. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma metodologia de avaliação dos riscos financeiros presentes em projetos inovadores realizados por empresas desenvolvedoras de software do Porto Digital. Este local foi escolhido por possuir empresas em essência mais inovadoras por florescerem em ambientes repletos de atividades de P&D e fazerem uso de tecnologias da informação para criação de novos produtos e processos. Buscando a criação de um diagnóstico quantitativo integrado dos sete fatores de risco identificados na literatura (relacionados ao planejamento, ações externas, capital financeiro, requisitos técnicos, mão de obra, execução, suporte e cronograma), foi utilizada uma metodologia com as seguintes etapas: (1) utilização do método Non-Traditional Capital Investment Criteria (NCIC) para identificação dos fatores de riscos críticos nos projetos com base na perda financeira proporcionada; (2) classificação dos riscos com base em matrizes de riscos; e (3) a realização da simulação do valor presente líquido agregado do projeto, finalizando com a análise pós-simulação. A metodologia mostrou-se adequada para a análise de projetos inovadores estudados por permitir a quantificação do impacto dos riscos, apoiando a tomada de decisão no planejamento de resposta aos mesmos. Apesar de cada projeto possuir natureza inovativa diferente, no geral foi identificado que o fator de risco relacionado às questões financeiras esteve presente em todos os projetos, ora em primeiro ora em segundo plano. Outro elemento pertinente verificado foi aquele relacionado ao planejamento e estimação dos benefícios que podem ser gerados pelo projeto, revelando a importância do processo de planejamento da inovação. Isto é, no momento de seleção de ideias e na verificação da viabilidade inicial do projeto, sobretudo, naqueles com maior grau de inovação. Enquanto o atendimento ao cronograma teve maior impacto no projeto de inovação incremental, riscos associados às questões técnicas não se mostraram expressivas nos projetos. Sob o ponto de vista do controle gerencial exercido foram identificados gaps demonstrando que se faz necessário repensar sobre como os projetos são conduzidos sob o ponto de vista de gestão e estabelecer novas estratégias de mitigação ou prevenção. Foi identificado também que os projetos A2 e A3 eram viáveis quando analisados apenas sob a ótica tradicional do seu VPL, mas quando são inseridos os fatores de risco relacionados ao planejamento, financeiro e cronograma, os projetos deixaram de ser viáveis, já que os seu valores presente líquidos agregados mostraram-se negativos. Isso revela a pertinência e a sensibilidade da análise multicritério na análise de investimentos complexos como aqueles estudados. / One of the first steps of project’s success is the correct identification and classification of risk factors with substantial financial impact. Since at this stage still allowed the creation of more adaptive risks management models and the creation of strategies to mitigate underlying financial losses. Therefore, the aim of this study is to create an evaluation of financial risks present proposal on innovative projects performed by software development companies at Porto Digital. This place of study was chosen because includes the most innovative companies in essence, by flourish in environments filled with research and development activities and make use of information technology on the process of creation of new products and processes. Searching for the creation of a quantitative diagnosis that integrates the seven risk factors identified on literature was used a methodology that follows this three steps: (1) using the NonTraditional Capital Investment Criteria method (NCIC) to identify critical risk factors on projects based on financial loss provided; (2) risks classification based on risk matrixes; and (3) the present liquid value simulation aggregated to the project, ending with the post-simulation analysis. The methodology proved itself adequate to innovative projects analysis by allowing to quantify the risks impacts on them, supporting the decision making process on planning the response to it. Although each project possess a different innovative nature, in general, it was identified that the risk factor related to financial issues was present in all of the projects, both on first or second plan. Another relevant element verified was the one related to planning and the estimation of benefits that can be generated by the project, revealing the importance of the innovative planning process. That is, the moment of the ideas selection and initial viability verification, especially on a higher degree of innovation projects. While the compliance schedule has higher impact on incremental innovative projects. Risks associated with the technical issues were not effective. From the point of view of management control, were identified gaps demonstrating that it is necessary rethink about the conduction of projects from the management angle and establish new strategies for mitigation or prevention. It has also been identified that projects A2 and A3 was viable only when analyzed under the traditional optical of theirs NPV, however when the risk factors are inserted, related to planning, financial and schedule, the projects are no longer viable with the aggregated NPV to become negative. This shows the relevance and sensitivity of the multi-criteria analysis on complexes investments analysis as studied here.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-04-27T14:52:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Danniel_Araujo_Versão_Final_CORRIGIDA_19_12.pdf: 7286311 bytes, checksum: 340b8aee0cbc2095c53a285cd4de9012 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-27T14:52:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese_Danniel_Araujo_Versão_Final_CORRIGIDA_19_12.pdf: 7286311 bytes, checksum: 340b8aee0cbc2095c53a285cd4de9012 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-19 / CAPES / CNPQ / A urbanização altera significativamente os processos de escoamento natural da bacia hidrográfica, com aumento do volume das águas pluviais escoadas superficialmente, incremento das vazões de pico dos corpos hídricos, degradação da qualidade da água e geração de sedimentos. Neste contexto, a gestão das águas pluviais surge como uma alternativa para resolução de conflitos relativos a quantidade/qualidade destes recursos (conflitos de primeira ordem). No entanto, devido essa gestão exigir a participação de vários setores da sociedade, pode vir a gerar conflitos devido à falta/inadequação do arranjo institucional responsável por essa gestão (conflitos de segunda ordem). Diante desta problemática, é possível observar a importância exercida pelo contexto legal, institucional e socioeconômico e da visão global do sistema envolvido para a tomada de decisão. Esta tese, portanto, concebe uma metodologia para apoio à decisão na gestão das águas pluviais urbanas combinando métodos multicriterial e multidecisor, a qual se constitui em quatro etapas: (i) investigação dos parâmetros iniciais; (ii) avaliação dos métodos multicriteriais AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) e o PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations) (iv) avaliação do método multidecisor COPELAND simulando a gestão participativa com a implantação do comitê de rio urbano; (iv) obtenção do subconjunto de alternativas potenciais como resultado final da aplicação do modelo. A metodologia foi aplicada na sub-bacia do canal da Sanbra, que é um dos contribuintes do rio Jiquiá situado em Recife-PE. Nesse sentido, foi avaliado a seleção da melhor técnica compensatória para este riacho considerando aspectos ambientais, sociais, econômicos e hidráulicos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a metodologia desenvolvida pode apoiar a tomada de decisão na gestão das águas pluviais, de modo a consubstanciar resultados mais satisfatórios dessa realidade, seja através do entendimento e ampliação da gestão participativa, quanto no aperfeiçoamento técnico dos tomadores de decisão. / Urbanization significantly alters the processes of natural drainage of the river basin, increasing the volume of rainwater drained superficially, increasing peak flows of water bodies, degradation of water quality and sediment generation. In this context, rainwater management appears as an alternative for resolving conflicts regarding the quantity / quality of these resources (first order conflicts). However, because this management requires the participation of several sectors of society, it can generate conflicts due to the lack / inadequacy of the institutional arrangement responsible for this management (second order conflicts). Faced with this problem, it is possible to observe the importance exerted by the legal, institutional and socioeconomic context and the global vision of the system involved for the decision making.This thesis, therefore, devises a methodology for decision support in urban stormwater management combining multicriterial and multidecisor methods, which consists of four steps: (i) investigation of the initial parameters; (Ii) evaluation of the multi-criteria methods AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations) (iv) evaluation of the COPELAND multidecisor method simulating participatory management with the implementation of the urban river committee; (Iv) obtaining the subset of potential alternatives as a final result of the application of the model. The methodology was applied in the sub-basin of the Sanbra channel, which is one of the contributors of the Jiquiá river situated in Recife-PE. In this sense, it was evaluated the selection of the best compensatory technique for this stream considering environmental, social, economic and hydraulic aspects. The obtained results demonstrated that the developed methodology can support the decision making in rainwater management, in order to substantiate more satisfactory results of this reality, be it through the understanding and expansion of the participatory management, as well as in the technical improvement of the decision makers.

In power utilities the subject reliability is a permanent worry. In this new context, some solutions have been developed and researched to an alternative to improve the performance on service restoration when there are consumers without power supply. Among possible solutions the installation of remotely-controlled switches represents a solution that has been adopted by many companies due its cost benefit. The allocation of these devices is essential to assess the different criterions and characteristics, so the use of multi-criteria decision making to evaluate these characteristics and especially to allow the measurement of expert s opinion in power distribution systems is essential. Therefore, the objective of this work is to propose a new methodology for the allocation of these devices in electric distribution systems based on AHP - Analytic Hierarchy Process decision making for validation of the best locations to install theses device. The contribution and innovation of this work consist in adding to the allocation methodology a validation of expert opinion, discarding those that present a very low consistency and thus making the final answer more exact and in accordance with the proposal, through a variation of the AHP methodology. / Em empresas de sistemas de potência a confiabilidade é uma preocupação constante. Nesse novo contexto, algumas soluções têm sido desenvolvidas e pesquisadas como alternativa para melhorar sua performance em propiciar um retorno do fornecimento de energia elétrica aos seus consumidores quando estes estão desenergizados. Dentre as soluções possíveis, a instalação de chaves telecomandadas tem representado uma solução cada vez mais adotada por várias empresas de energia devido ao seu custo benefício. Na alocação desses equipamentos é essencial considerar diferentes critérios e características, desta maneira o uso de uma metodologia de decisão multicriterial é necessário e especialmente para permitir a mensuração da opinião de especialistas do setor de sistemas de distribuição. Então, o objetivo desse trabalho é propor uma nova metodologia de alocação desses dispositivos em sistemas de distribuição de energia baseado na metodologia de tomada de decisão AHP - Analytic Hierarchy Process para validação das melhores localizações para instalar esses equipamentos. A grande contribuição e inovação desse trabalho consiste apresentar uma metodologia de alocação desses equipamentos, uma validação da opinião dos especialistas, descartando aquelas que apresentam uma baixa consistência e desta forma tornando a resposta final mais exata e de acordo com o proposto, através de uma variação da metodologia AHP.

This final project provides a parole analysis of vrais amis (true counterparts) in current French and English. To this end a specialized English-French translation corpus was assembled, composed of three subcorpora equal in length, namely Religious, Political and Fiction discourse, amounting altogether to approximately 60,000 words. With the help of the AntConc instrument, true friends employed in the corpus were generated, here conceived of as a register-specific phenomenon exclusively. Using the frequency criteria, a central set of 64 most frequent counterparts was delineated. These central counterparts, marked by (almost) identical frequencies, identical contexts and the same registers, were subjected to a multiaspectual analysis, scrutinizing the pronunciation, spelling, word classes, share of derivation, and frequency of types and tokens. Since English proved to be the borrowing language in all instances, the research also indirectly addressed the degree of their integration in the English words stock by reference to frequency bands. For most of the researched aspects, three zones of counterparts were identified, namely those exhibiting identity, close similarity and relative difference. As a result, employing the Theory of Centre and Periphery (Daneš 1966), we may arrange true counterparts...

Förtätning av stadsmiljöer bidrar till hårdläggning och borttagande av gröna ytor i naturliga och redan exploaterade områden. Detta minskar möjlighet till infiltration och evapotranspiration av vatten, vilket ökar ytavrinning av regn- och smältvatten. Regn- och smältvatten i urbana miljöer, även kallat dagvatten, har traditionellt hanterats genom snabb avledning till VA-verk eller närmaste recipient. Idag går utvecklingen mot att hantera dagvattnet lokalt och nära källan till vattnet genom att efterlikna den naturliga vattencykeln. Den största utmaningen iatt hantera dagvatten lokalt anses inte bero på avsaknad av rätt teknik utan ett kommunikativt problem mellan berörda parter. För att främja en långsiktig och hållbar dagvattenhantering krävs en gemensam vision vid upphandlingen, vilket kräver nya forum att diskutera hur hanteringen bör gå till. En förvaltningsövergripande planering mot gemensammamål kan minimera risken att valet av system vid upphandlingfrämst styrs av ekonomi och tidigare erfarenheter. Istället kan fokus läggas på vilka lösningar som är mest hållbara i det specifika området. Att belysa detta tidigt i upphandlingsskedet skapar goda förutsättningar för genomförande. Syftet med detta examensarbete varatt ta fram ett beslutsstöd som dels underlättar den förvaltningsövergripande planeringen vid upphandling av dagvattensystem och dels främjar en hållbar hantering av dagvatten. Beslutsstödet möjliggör att hänsyn tas till det specifika områdets samhälleliga och naturgivna förutsättningar. Metoden bygger på multikriterieanalys ochstödet har designats så att det enkelt går att ta fram grundförutsättningar för jämförelsen tidigt i planeringsskedet, vilket sedan analyseras och justeras tillsammans med de parter som berörs av dagvattenhanteringen för det specifika området. Till exempel kommunala förvaltningar inom stadsplanering, miljöoch VA. Designen bygger på etablerade metoder gällande fördröjningskrav, föroreningsbelastning och dimensionering av system för dagvattenhantering. För att testa beslutsstödets relevans har en fallstudie av ett område under upphandling för exploatering i Uppsala kommun genomförts. Det framtagna beslutsstödet utgörs av fyra delar; systemalternativ, multikriterieanalys, fördröjningskrav och föroreningsbelastning. Systemalternativ ger förslag till tekniker som kan utgöra system för dagvattenhantering. Multikriterieanalys innefattar en systemanalytisk jämförelse där systemför dagvattenhanteringutvärderas och viktas enligt 21 kriterium relaterade till hållbar dagvattenhantering. Fördröjningskrav och föroreningsbelastning beräknar mängdvatten som bör fördröjas efter exploatering respektive reningseffekt på förorenat dagvatten beroende på systemalternativ. I fallstudien jämförs fyra systemalternativ frånvälgrundade utvärderingar av varje kriterium, vilket ger en hög trovärdigheti studiens utfall. Utfallet från fallstudien visar attsystem som innefattar öppenhantering av dagvatten är lämpligt i det undersökta området.Utvärderingavbeslutsstödetpekar på att stödet kanbidra till en förbättradkommunikation mellan berörda parter inom en upphandlingoch att utvalda kriterierna har potential attbidra till en hållbar dagvattenhantering under planeringsprocessen. / The ongoing urbanization contributes to decreaseinfiltration and evaporation of water, compared to natural environments. This affect the natural water cycle, leading to an increased surface runoff of rain and melt water, also known as stormwater. Stormwater has by tradition been managed by diverting it to wastewater treatment plants or to the closest receiving waters. Today, it isconsidered to be more sustainable and modern managing the stormwater locally, close to the source by imitating a natural water cycle. The problem of realizing this modern management is not caused by inadequate modern techniques, but a communicative problem between the concerned parties. To promote a long term and sustainable management, a commonvision is required. This demands new forums for discussion. All concerned partiesshould pursue a common goal to minimize the risk of the system being chosen based on economy and previous experience. Focus should be pointed to solutions that are sustainable in the specific area. This should be elucidated in the procurement stage to create good conditions for implementation. The objective with this thesis wasto elaborate a decision supportmethod, facilitating communication between the concerned parties at the procurement stage of stormwater management. The decision support will promotea long term and sustainable solution, and consider the specific area with regard to social conditions and nature. By using multiple-criteria decision analysis, systems of stormwater management will be compared based on problems and advantages of stormwater in an urban environment and an optimal solution can be identified. The decision support has been designedto easily retrieve basic conditions for the comparison early in the procurement stage, which then can be analyzed in view of opinions from the different concerned parties. The design is based on established methods concerning delay demands, pollution load and dimensioning of systems of stormwater management. To test the relevance of the decision support, a case study of an area currently under procurement for exploitation in Uppsala was performed. The developed decision support consists of four sections; “Multiple-criteria decision analysis”, “Alternatives of systems”, “Delay demands” and “Pollution load”. “Multiple-criteria decision analysis” includes analytical comparison where different systems of stormwater management are evaluated and weighted according to 21 criteria related to sustainable stormwater management. “Alternatives of systems”, suggests stormwater techniques which can form a system ofstormwater management. “Delay demands” calculates how much water that should be delayed after exploitation and “Pollution load” calculates the purification effect on polluted stormwater depending on choice of systems. The case study reveals that the support can contribute to better communication between concerned parties within procurement and that the best suited system of stormwater management for the case study area are systems that manage stormwater locally near the source of water.

De senaste årens krav på hållbarhet, har tillsammans med en önskan att göra städerna renare, tystare och mer tillgängliga, resulterat i att cykeln kommit att prioriteras inom samhällsplaneringen. I syfte att främja en hållbar stadsutveckling och uppmuntra fler människor att cykla har allt fler städer valt att upprätta hyrcykelsystem. En av dessa städer är Gävle som under våren 2016 genomför en pilotstudie för att undersöka möjligheten att införa ett regionalt hyrcykelsystem riktat till pendlare. Syftet med denna studie är därför att applicera en metod för att optimera lokaliseringen av cykelstationer i ett hyrcykelsystem i Gävle. För att uppnå detta har en GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys (MKA) upprättats. Multikriterieanalysen resulterade i att ett antal platser pekades ut som lämpliga för etablering av hyrcykelsstationer. Genom vidare analys och diskussion av resultatet prioriterades antalet platser ned ytterligare. Detta mynnade ut i en rekommendation över de två lämpligaste platserna i Gävle för etablering av hyrcykelstationer. Dessa platser är Södermalm och Rådhustorget. / The desire to make our cities cleaner, quieter and more accessible has given the bicycle a higher priority in urban planning in recent years. In order to promote sustainable urban development and encourage people to cycle an increasing number of cities have chosen to set up bike-share systems. During the spring of 2016 the city of Gävle is conducting a pilot study to examine the possibility of introducing a bike-share system. The purpose of this study is therefore to apply a method to optimize the location of bike stations in a bike-share system in Gävle. To achieve this, a GIS-based multi-criteria analysis (MCA) was established. The MCA resulted in a number of sites identified as suitable for the establishment of bike-share stations. Through further analysis and discussion the number of stations was prioritized even further. This resulted in a recommendation of the two most suitable locations for establishment of bike-share stations in Gävle. These places are Södermalm and Rådhustorget.

The cornerstone of our production system is based on the concept “take, make, waste”. Moreover, the manufacture of a product requires the input of energy and raw materials which produce waste and products. The latter ultimately end up becoming wastes. In other words, the root problem of this production system is that is designed on a linear, one-way cradle-to grave model (McDonough, W. and Braungart, M., 2002). This approach coupled with the population explosion and our thirst for growth has led to an unprecedented pressure to the environment. The consequences are multiple; climate change, dwindling energy resources and waste generation. This study lies in two pillars: the concept of sustainable development and the waste management hierarchy. The idea was how these two fundamental concerns (energy generation and waste production) could be tackled. This study assesses the availability of biomass residues and wastes in the off-grid island of Crete with the aim to ‘close the loop’ by converting waste to an energy resource. In addition, the exploration of the most sustainable energy generation solutions was attempted in order to drive forward the synergies between biomass waste production and energy generation. The collected information was extracted from the literature about agricultural, livestock, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and Industrial & Commercial (I&C) waste. It is also based on numerous interviews to waste management associations, the Greek Ministry of Rural Development & Food and all the Waste Water Treatment Plants in the island were analysed in order to shed light on the potential energy generation from all the aforementioned biomass sources and its contribution to the electric energy production system of Crete. It is considered that the biomass potential in Crete is a sleeping giant. There is considerable potential for biomass-to-energy technologies in Crete providing improved rural energy services based on agricultural residues. From the findings of this study it appears that the biomass potential is more than estimated in previous papers. Based on the findings it is concluded that the largest portion of Crete’s biomass potential is agricultural residues and animal wastes. The utilisation of low-cost biomass power in Crete could help provide cleaner, more efficient energy services and to reduce the island’s economic and environmental vulnerability. Biomass can provide both base load power and turn into liquid transportation fuels and contributes to reducing energy dependence due to import fuel from the mainland. In terms of the study’s goal to select the most sustainably viable biomass-to-energy technologies, that was based on the multi-criteria methodology. A number of integrated biomass-to-energy alternatives were assessed against technical, environmental, financial and social criteria with the aim to assist the regional authority’s decision making process of energy generation planning. From the final screening of the integrated biomass-to-energy alternatives it was concluded that the best in a descending order technologies from the regional authority’s standpoint are: F - Anaerobic digestion & Fuel cell; E – Anaerobic digestion & Gas engine; C - Gasification & Gas engine; A – Combustion & Steam turbine; and B – Gasification & Steam turbine.

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I samband med Gävle kommuns omvandling av den havsnära stadsdelen Näringen identifieras många naturgeografiska och geotekniska utmaningar. Dessa utmaningar förväntas förvärras av klimatförändringar, men också betyda en större påverkan på låglänta och havsnära områden. Däremot identifieras en ekonomisk vinst av exploatering av centrumnära mark. Den kommande omvandlingen av stadsdelen innefattar att 6 000 nya bostäder och 450 000 kvadratmeter nya verksamheter ska tillkomma, enligt avtal med svenska staten. Ökad ekonomisk belastning för försäkringsbolagen i samband med klimatförändringar och naturfenomen tvingar dock försäkringsbolagen att se över vad som i framtiden bör kunna försäkras. En konflikt kunde identifieras mellan kommunen och statens definition av hållbarhet, i jämförelse med försäkringsbolagens syn på vad som är hållbart och dessutom hållbart på lång sikt. Syftet med studien var att besvara forskningsfrågan Hur kan omvandlingen av Näringen utformas genom riskreducering för att minska exponering och sårbarhet och samtidigt öka stadsdelens resiliens? För att besvara frågan har studien använt metoderna spatial multikriterieanalys med farokartor, och gestaltning utifrån multikriterieanalysens resultat, för att skapa ett gestaltningsförslag som redovisar en ny utformning av stadsdelen som uppfyller avtalets krav kring antal bostäder och kvadratmeter verksamhetsytor, och detta på ett sätt som bidrar till att bebyggelsen i största möjliga mån placeras i områden där exponeringen för diverse risker är lägre.  Studiens resultat syftar att påvisa skillnader i ställningstaganden. Som en del av riskreduceringsstrategin klassificerades högriskområden som blågrön infrastruktur för de områden där konventionell markanvändning, som exploatering för bostäder och verksamheter, inte bedömdes vara lämplig till följd av de höga riskvärdena i dessa områden. Utifrån resultatet av dessa kartor skapades en 3D-modell med syfte att skapa ett pedagogiskt verktyg. 3D- modelleringen bidrar även till en högre förståelse för hur enligt studien olämplig mark, eller strandskydd kan omvandlas till attraktiva gröna områden som erbjuder rekreationsmöjligheter, infiltrering av dagvatten och som ökar den biologiska mångfalden. Studiens resultat erbjuder lättförståeliga tolkningar av de bakomliggande naturgeografiska och geotekniska riskerna, som även gemene man kan ta del av och tolka.  Ett återkommande inslag i studiens resultat är att stora skyddsområden som omfattas av strandskydd, även täcker de områden som har högst riskvärden. / The context of this study came from Gävle municipality's planned transformation of the coastal district of Näringen, where many natural geographical and geotechnical challenges are identified. These challenges are expected to be exacerbated by climate change, but also to have a greater impact on low-lying areas and areas close to the sea. On the other hand, an economic gain is identified from the exploitation of land close to the center. The upcoming transformation of the district includes that 6,000 new homes and 450,000 square meters of new businesses will be added according to an agreement with the Swedish state. Increased financial burden for the insurance companies in connection with climate change and natural phenomena forces the insurance companies to review what can be insured in the future. A conflict was identified between the municipality's and the state's definition of sustainability, in comparison with the insurance companies' view of what is sustainable and sustainable in the long term. The purpose of the study was to answer the research question How can the transformation of Näringen be designed through risk reduction to reduce exposure and vulnerability and at the same time increase the district's resilience? To answer the question, methods have used spatial multi-criteria analysis with hazard maps, and design based on the results of the multi-criteria analysis to create a modelled proposal that presents a new layout of the district, which meets the agreement's requirements for housing and square meters, in addition to that the placement of the settlement is made to the highest degree possible, in areas where the exposure to various risks is lower.  The results of the study aim to show differences in standpoints. As part of the risk reduction strategy, high-risk areas were classified as blue-green infrastructure for those areas where conventional land use, such as development for housing and businesses, was not deemed appropriate due to the high-risk values in these areas. Based on the results of these maps, a 3D- model was created with the aim of creating an educational tool. The 3D- modeling also contributes to a higher understanding of how, according to the study, unsuitable land or beach protection can be transformed into attractive green areas that offer recreation, infiltration of stormwater and that increase biodiversity. The results of the study offer easy-to-understand interpretations of the underlying natural geographical and geotechnical risks, which even the general public can take part in and interpret. A recurring element in the results of the study is that large, protected areas that are covered by beach protection (strandskydd), also cover the areas that have the highest risk values.