This thesis deals with the causes and effects of spatial clustering of similar and related economic activity. The relationship between spatial clustering and industrial competitive-ness is analysed in a series of empirical studies, revolving around four research questions: How useful is an institutional approach in analyses of spatial clustering? Can the link between spatial clustering and industrial performance be empirically validated and measured by quantitative methods? In what sense does spatial clustering promote localised processes of learning and innovation? What role can industrial and regional policies play in promoting the type of localised processes emphasised in spatial clustering research? It proves to be a rather complicated matter to measure the impact of spatial clustering on firm performance. In the case of export-oriented manufacturing firms in Sweden, the co-location of firms in a particular industry appears to have only a modest impact on export performance. However, when a more qualitative approach is applied, there is some evidence that spatial clustering can have a positive impact. A study of the Swedish music industry indicates that there is indeed a link between the concentration of music-related businesses in the Stockholm region and localised processes of learning and innovation. Such localised processes appear, in turn, to be linked to the ability to create and sustain industrial competitiveness. Finally, the thesis examines how the cluster concept has been put into practice in Swedish industrial and regional policies.

Research on workforce development has focused on general employment trends and traditional industry. Few researchers have studied the potential workforce development implications of emerging industries particularly in those that have sprung from the digital economy. This thesis focuses upon the digital music industry in the Atlanta region. An economic impact study was conducted to illustrate and define the digital music industry and understand its implications for workforce and economic development. This research is significant because it will enable Atlanta workforce developers to assist in reducing unemployment and educational attainment gaps particularly in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Implications for the state includes creating a workforce development strategy based upon digital music innovation that increases Atlanta s overall competitiveness and quality of life by increasing the high-technology and Information-technology workforces.

This study looks at alternative models of follow-up album success in order to determine if there is a relationship between the decrease in Metascore ratings (assigned by Metacritic.com) between the first and second album for a musician or band and the 1) music genre or 2) the number of years between the first and second album release. The results support the dominant thought, which suggests that neither belonging to a certain genre of music nor waiting more or less time to drop the second album makes an artist more susceptible to the Sophomore Slump. This finding is important because it forces us to identify other potential causes for the observed disappointing performance of a generally favorable musician’s second album.

The doctoral thesis examines Queensland's music industry in terms of concepts derived from cluster and network theories in the context of literature discussing creative industries. To this end, the thesis is conceived as one case study incorporating quantitative surveys, convergent interviews and document analyses as its units of investigation. This is necessary because it is the industry as a whole that is the object of theorizing (in terms of Porter and network theory). The 357 firms surveyed represent the creative content producers, distributors and suppliers that comprise Queensland's music industry. The sample for the survey was randomly selected from a universe of 10977 individuals and/or organisations involved in the following sectors of Queensland's music business: music publishing, record companies and distributors, recorded music retailing, other performing arts/music and theatre productions, music composition, and music performance. The data was analysed to understand and describe the nature of firms in the industry and investigate cluster and network dynamics in the operation of the industry. Twenty convergent interviews were also undertaken to further elaborate the qualitative dimensions of cluster and network dynamics in the industry, with particular attention to understanding how the factor input conditions of Porter's cluster model work in practice in the industry, as well as elucidating network effects not adequately addressed by Porter's theory. Policy and industry documents relating to Queensland's music industry were used to contextualise the findings. The conclusions articulate how Queensland's music industry operates as a cluster, and how innovation and creativity are facilitated. The thesis finds Porter's model insufficient to describe some key aspects of this industry's operation. Face-to-face communication, trust and informal networks combine explicit and tacit knowledge to bring about innovation. Thus the industry should be conceived of as a cluster of networks. Furthermore, the findings problematise the notion of distance in cluster and network theories. Traditionally, distance has been conceived in geographic terms; the findings suggest that in the music industry, distance must be understood as cognitive and cultural as well as geographic. The findings provide a detailed set of theoretical modifications to cluster and network theories. Implications are discussed for industry development and policy in Queensland's music industry.

Submitted by Bruna Rodrigues (bruna92rodrigues@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-23T12:54:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMCT.pdf: 3476416 bytes, checksum: 6845703b450e9fbf4fc6b94ebbf91fbe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T18:00:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMCT.pdf: 3476416 bytes, checksum: 6845703b450e9fbf4fc6b94ebbf91fbe (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T18:00:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMCT.pdf: 3476416 bytes, checksum: 6845703b450e9fbf4fc6b94ebbf91fbe (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T18:00:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseMCT.pdf: 3476416 bytes, checksum: 6845703b450e9fbf4fc6b94ebbf91fbe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / Não recebi financiamento / This doctoral dissertation seeks to explain the changes in the music market in the last decade using the Field Theory, by Fligstein and McAdam (2012). Thus, we consider the music market a strategic field of action, which, according to the authors is in frequent adjustment and are subject to external shocks. In this way, through events in nearby fields, the development of innovations that allowed the unauthorized sharing and downloading content over the internet has had a profound impact on the music market, and later on other cultural goods markets. Initial reactions of the incumbent actors have been through strategies that had already been used in earlier times: law suits, educational campaigns and pressuring the government in favor of a stronger legislation. Thus, the reactions of incumbent actors were acoording to what explains the theory, the use of strategies known to restore the status quo. However, due to the crisis that shook the ability of incumbent actors to reproduce their advantages, new players entered the market. In addition, incumbent actors gave way and changed their business models, establishing relations with the new entrants, and adopting new business models leveraging the internet as a means of distribution, dissemination and others. Record companies also started expande their activtities, working with artist's career management. Thus, according to the analysis of the work, we concluded that there was a change in the business model, and that in the Brazilian case these changes followed the international trends. Through research field we conclude that Brazilian companies have adopted the distribution of digital music through online stores and through cell phone companies, streaming services as well as the actors have adopted the 360 contracts. / No presente trabalho busca-se explicar as modificações ocorridas no mercado de música de massa na última década utilizando como referencial teórico a Teoria dos Campos de Fligstein e McAdam (2012). Considera-se o mercado de música um campo de ação estratégica que, de acordo com os autores, está em frequente ajuste e sujeito a choques externos. Transformações em campos próximos, como o desenvolvimento de inovações que permitiram o compartilhamento e download não autorizado de conteúdo através da internet, tiveram impacto profundo sobre o mercado de música e, posteriormente, sobre outros mercados de bens culturais. As reações iniciais dos atores incumbentes constituíram estratégias que já haviam utilizado em momentos anteriores: processos, campanhas educativas e pressões sobre o governo. Tais reações são explicadas pela teoria dos campos: a utilização de estratégias conhecidas a fim de restabelecer o status quo. Entretanto, as mudanças abalaram a capacidade dos atores incumbentes de reprodução de suas vantagens quando entraram novos atores no mercado. Além disso, os atores incumbentes cederam e modificaram seus modelos de negócios, estabelecendo relações com os novos entrantes e adotando modelos de negócios que utilizavam a internet como meio de distribuição, divulgação entre outros. As gravadoras também passaram a atuar de forma mais abrangente, trabalhando com a administração da carreira do artista. Desta forma, de acordo com a análise feita neste trabalho, conclui-se que houve mudanças no modelo de negócios e que, no caso brasileiro, essas mudanças seguiram as tendências internacionais. A pesquisa de campo realizada possibilitou mostrar que as empresas brasileiras adotaram a distribuição de música digital através de venda online, através de empresas de telefonia celular e serviços de streaming, assim como parte dos atores adotaram os contratos 360°. O presente trabalho utiliza pesquisa bibliográfica e estudo de caso para analisar o objeto de estudo.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TobiasAQ_DISSERT.pdf: 4171649 bytes, checksum: 6448383c5bd5fe3ce66222743015a2b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-13 / This dissertation aims to analyse discursive strategies from Dosol in order to understand the present elements to keep its audience and the marketing activities. Based on French line of discourse analysis We look into the articles posted on its website at http://www.dosol.com.br within 2010 and We foment dialogues among music, media and communications researchers. Participant observation is slightly used on the critical perception and views of researched object to confront situations and step up, with theorists, the major part of closing remarks. The obtained results indicate a website speech paved on afirmative policies and social capital, trying to keep/seduce its audience with the efect of the intended credibility meaning. The economic factor wanders the speech so often that the speaker assumes a entrepreneur/cultural producer. As a niche market, Dosol assumes a main role in music industry for releasing the regional and local cultural production. On the other hand, it is noticeable that its sustainability and media visibility, as it is seen today, depends on the laws tor promote Culture, what denotes a lack of a regional cultural policies to medium and long term at Rio Grande do Norte / O objetivo desta disserta??o ? analisar as estrat?gias discursivas do endere?o eletr?nico www.dosol.com.br, em busca de compreender os elementos presentes para a manuten??o de p?blico e de atividades mercadol?gicas. A partir da An?lise de Discurso de linha francesa, investigamos os editoriais veiculados em seu endere?o eletr?nico www.dosol.com.br, durante o ano de 2010, e promovemos um di?logo com os pesquisadores e estudiosos das ?reas da m?sica, m?dia e comunica??o. A observa??o participante tamb?m se encontra presente, embora de maneira sutil, na percep??o e vis?o cr?tica do nosso objeto pesquisado onde confrontamos situa??es e incrementamos, a partir dos di?logos com os te?ricos, boa parte das considera??es finais. Os resultados obtidos apontam-nos para um discurso calcado em pol?ticas afirmativas e no capital social, com o intuito de manter/seduzir seu p?blico, com o efeito de sentido pretendido de credibilidade, por parte das fontes produtoras do site. O fator econ?mico transita de forma constante em seu discurso, proporcionando ao enunciador o perfil de um empres?rio/produtor cultural. Por se tratar de um mercado de nicho, o Dosol tem papel fundamental dentro da ind?stria da m?sica, dando vaz?o ? produ??o cultural regional e local. Por outro lado, observa-se que sua sustentabilidade e visibilidade midi?ticas, como se encontram hoje, dependem decisivamente das Leis de Incentivo ? Cultura, o que denota uma aus?ncia de pol?tica cultural regional a m?dio/longo prazo, no Rio Grande do Norte

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The dissertation under consideration aims to analyze the possibilities of preserving cultural memoir through the internet, studying the case of José Augusto “Sergipano”, a singer, who was nationally and internationally famous during the 1960s and 1970s. This artist recorded for Chantecler, one of the most important recording companies in Brazil at the time, 19 LPs and 10 compact singles, in addition to performing more than five hundred shows. After his death, in a car accident in 1981, his trajectory began to lose prominence, transforming the former idol into an “honourable strange”. The following specific objectives were established for this study: to discuss music as a cultural product; to relate the biography of singer José Augusto “Sergipano” with the evolution of the media, especially radio and television; to debate the role of Chantecler label in the dissemination of Brazilian popular music, especially the so-called romantic music; to conceptualize cultural memoir and to analyze the use of the internet as a platform for the preservation of cultural memoir. The research is articulated around the following questions: Can the internet be used as a platform for preserving cultural memoir? Can social networks, through their fanpages, contribute to the preservation of cultural memoir? How has the music industry been handling the distribution of digital cultural products? Have the changes in the music industry made it indispensable for artists to be present in the networks in order to preserve their trajectories memories? The methodological assumptions are based on literature review and the principles of netnography. The review was based on the works of researchers in the areas of culture, music, memory, convergence and social networks (…). In this paper, we present a review of the literature on the use of the Internet and netnography, taken here as proposed by Kozinets (1997), which was structured in four phases: cultural Entrée; data collection and analysis; research ethics; feedback and checking of information. The cultural entrée, which represents the first contact with the field, had as its central instruments the construction of a website and a fanpage about the singer, which were followed up for about six months before the beginning of the data collection. The following three phases of overlapping collections have taken place: online questionnaire through the SurveyMonkey platform, sites and blogs, and YouTube. The ethics of research, feedback and information checking were strictly observed. The data indicate that the cultural memoir of the singer José Augusto “Sergipano” has found in the Internet an important ally, mainly through the action of fans or not who act within the scope of a participatory culture. / A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar as possibilidades de preservação da memória cultural através da internet, estudando o caso do cantor José Augusto “Sergipano”. O artista fez sucesso no cenário nacional e internacional durante as décadas de 1960 e 1970, tendo gravado pela Chantecler, uma das mais importantes gravadoras do Brasil à época, 19 LPs e 10 compactos (singles), além de realizar mais de quinhentos shows. Após sua morte, em um acidente de carro em 1981, a trajetória do cantor foi perdendo destaque, transformando o antes ídolo em “ilustre desconhecido”. Para o estudo de caso, foram estabelecidos os seguintes objetivos específicos: abordar a música como um produto cultural; relacionar a biografia do cantor José Augusto “Sergipano” com a evolução dos meios de comunicação, em especial o rádio e a televisão; discutir o papel da gravadora Chantecler na divulgação da música popular brasileira, sobretudo da chamada música romântica; conceituar memória cultural e analisar o uso da internet como plataforma de preservação da memória cultural. A pesquisa articula-se em torno das seguintes perguntas: A internet pode ser utilizada como plataforma de preservação da memória cultural? As redes sociais, através de suas fanpages, podem contribuir para a preservação da memória cultural? Como a indústria da música vem tratando a distribuição de produtos culturais digitais? A presença nas redes tornou-se indispensável para a preservação da memória de trajetórias artísticas com as mudanças na indústria da música? Os pressupostos metodológicos fundamentam-se na revisão da literatura e nos princípios da netnografia. A revisão foi pautada nas obras de pesquisadores das áreas de cultura, música, memória, convergência e redes sociais (ADORNO e HORKHEIMER, 1982; BENJAMIN 1994; LOTMAN, 1979; VICENTE, 2010; HALBWACHS, 2006; ASSMANN, A., 2008, 2011, 2011b; ASSMANN, Jan. 2005, 2008b; ASSMANN e CZAPLICKA, 1995; JENKINS 1992; 2006ª, 2006b e 2008; AMARAL, 2007; AMARAL, RECUERO E MONTARDO, 2009 e RECUERO, 2009). A netnografia, tomada na acepção de Kozinets (1997), estruturou-se em quatro fases: Entrée cultural; Coleta e análise de dados; Ética de pesquisa; Feedback e checagem de informações. A entrée cultural, que representa o primeiro contato com o campo, teve como instrumentos centrais a construção de um site e de uma fanpage sobre o cantor analisado, que foram acompanhados por cerca de seis meses antes do início da coleta de dados. A seguir iniciaram-se três fases de coletas sobrepostas: questionários online através da plataforma SurveyMonkey, sites, blogs e YouTube. Os princípios de ética de pesquisa, feedback e checagem de informações foram estritamente observados. Os dados indicam que a memória cultural do cantor José Augusto “Sergipano” tem encontrado na internet um importante aliado no sentido de sua preservação, assegurada, sobretudo, pela ação de fãs ou não que agem no âmbito de uma cultura participativa.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-16T18:10:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO Ellen Caroline.pdf: 4155888 bytes, checksum: 3af9919437f1870587d52d02f5f53d43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-30 / This paper discusses the relationship between art, technology and market from socio -cultural phenomena on the convergence between the markets and digital music. If, at first, the proliferation of music piracy in the late twentieth century raised the idea that the dynamics of metamorphoses of digital network declared bankrupt music industry consolidated in the thirties, which occurs at the end of the first decade of this century, is the implementation and optimization of a new market that combines both the traditional economic forms of the industry dictates decadent as increasing the possibilities opened up by the horizon of understanding of cyberculture. Attempts to deconstruct the discourse of decadence of the culture industry in the face of the multiplicity of the Internet featuring an underlying problem, and therefore more current, this question here vintage shifted the problem of ownership of content and marketing established between the music labels, artists and audience to the conflict between technology companies and content owners in the applications market. The convergence of media un-territorialized a univocal cultural market network and puts musicians, listeners, businesses, equipment and pirates. On this track, the network itself discusses, since the applications market presents itself as a reaction to the financial discontinuities promoted by peer-to-peer and laws, as phenomena later serve as traces of the dynamics of adaptation promoted by such constructs socio-economic and cultural. Deconstruction sometimes used as a lens designed to support the Oi Novo Som Project, the national telecommunications company Oi, who launched the independent band in the music Sobrado 112 from the network. This observation enabled us to verify, first, such as market access for new artists has been expanded from economic and technological tools, and deeper, as technology companies have diversified their marketing strategies in addition to its products and seeking to win the essential raw materials of this new market: connecting devices and storage (hardware) and content (software). While content, music becomes a commodities devices offering the means of enjoyment in the market. / Este trabalho discute as relações entre arte, técnica e mercado a partir de fenômenos sócio - culturais relativos à convergência entre os mercados musical e digital. Se, em um primeiro momento, a proliferação da pirataria musical no século XX tardio suscitou a ideia de que a dinâmica de metamorfoses das tecnologias digitais em rede decretariam a falência da indústria fonográfica consolidada nos anos trinta, o que se verifica, ao final da primeira década do século XXI, é a implementação e otimização de um novo mercado que agrega tanto as formas econômicas tradicionais dessa indústria dita decadente quanto às possibilidades cada vez mais abertas pelo horizonte de compreensão da cibercultura. Intenta-se desconstruir o discurso de decadência da indústria cultural face à multiplicidade da internet apresentando um problema subjacente e, portanto, mais atual, a essa questão aqui deslocada do problema vinteano da propriedade de conteúdo e comercialização estabelecido entre as gravadoras musicais, artistas e público para o conflito entre empresas de tecnologia e proprietários de conteúdo no mercado de aplicativos. A convergência de mídias desterritorializa um mercado cultural unívoco e coloca em rede músicos, ouvintes, empresas, aparelhos e piratas. Nessa esteira, a própria rede se problematiza, posto que o mercado de aplicativos apresentam-se como uma reação às descontinuidades financeiras promovidas por programas peer-to-peer e as legislações, enquanto fenômenos posteriores, funcionam como vestígios da dinâmica de adequação promovida por esses construtos sócio-econômico-culturais. A desconstrução ora elaborada utiliza como lentes de apoio o Projeto Oi Novo Som, da empresa nacional de telecomunicações Oi, que lançou a banda independente Sobrado 112 no mercado musical a partir da rede. Esta observação possibilitou verificar, primeiramente, como o acesso ao mercado para novos artistas vem sendo ampliado a partir das ferramentas econômico-tecnológicas e, mais profundamente, como as empresas de tecnologia vêm diversificando suas estratégias de mercado para além de seus produtos precípuos e buscando conquistar as matérias-primas essenciais desse novo mercado: dispositivos de conexão e armazenamento (hardware) e conteúdo (software). Enquanto conteúdo, a música passa a ser uma commoditie que oferece aos dispositivos o meio de fruição do mercado.

Esta tese trata da produção em disco e teatro de revista do cantor carioca Francisco Alves entre 1920 e 1932, período que marcou sua consagração como intérprete. Procura mapear através de sua carreira, a trajetória e o papel do disco e do teatro de revista enquanto seus mediadores, comparando-os como meio de circulação e fixação das músicas gravadas e interpretadas por Alves. Através de uma pesquisa realizada em jornais e revistas da época, na primeira parte do trabalho foi feito um levantamento das peças em que atuou e nos arquivos da companhia teatral recuperados trechos e falas dos personagens que representou. Essa primeira parte engloba de 1920 e 1926, período que atuou como ator secundário no Teatro São José e gravou sem sucesso alguns discos nas gravadoras Popular e Casa Edison. A maneira como estas canções circularam nas festas populares e no teatro de revista foi abordada assim como uma comparação dos modos de produção do teatro e da indústria fonográfica. A segunda parte engloba de 1927 e 1932 e marca uma inversão quantitativa na produção de peças de teatro e de discos na trajetória de Francisco Alves, quando foi consolidada sua consagração. Foi enfocada a maneira como as músicas gravadas por ele passaram a se redimensionar nos palcos e ele a se definir como cantor, se articulando com a gravadora, compositores e outros cantores através de seu posicionamento enquanto agente nas diferentes instâncias de mediação. Neste período a ascensão de Francisco Alves coincidiu com a de vários gêneros musicais urbanos e a tese mostrará o caminho deles para o disco e o teatro e entre um e outro meio. / This thesis focuses on the artistic record and musical revue production by Rio de Janiro (carioca) singer Francisco Alves between 1920 and 1932. Such period is known for bringing the artist\'s consecration as a performer. By recovering his career we try to map the trajectory and role of record and theater production in Brazil as mediator compared to the means of circulation and establishment of the songs recorded and performed by Alves. Through extensive research recovering newspapers and magazines of the time, the first part of our work brings the history of the plays Francisco Alves participated in, also searching the archives of the theater companies he worked for and the lines of the characters he impersonated. Thus, the first part of the thesis recovers from 1920 to 1926, period in which Alves was still a secondary performing actor working in the Theater São José and would release a few songs trough the recording companies Popular and Casa Edison. The way such songs have circulated in national popular parties and in the musical revue tradition was taken into account, pointing to the specific means of production of the theater and the music industry. The second part of the thesis ranges from 1927 e 1932 and it marks a quantitative turn in the production of songs and plays in the trajectory of Francisco Alves, consolidating his achievements. We are interested in the way the songs he recorded were staged and how the artist started to be defined as a true singer, articulated with recording companies, composers and other singers. We also consider his role as an agent in many instances of cultural mediation during that time. Finally, the emergence of Francisco Alves has coincided with that of many urban musical genres. This work intends to show the path recovered by those genres in order to be recorded and/or gain the theater, caught in the middle of one and other medium.

Varumärken för band i musikbranschen är varierande där vissa band har nästan kultförklarade logotyper eller andra varumärkeselement medan andra band har nya logotyper till varje albumsläpp. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur grafisk formgivning av bands logotyper ser ut och genom en fallstudie av ett aktivt band hitta ett grafiskt uttryck som överensstämmer med bandets musik, värdeord och målgruppens mentala bild. Värdeorden och målgruppens mentala bild av bandet kommer tas fram genom en intervju med bandmedlemmarna samt i en enkätundersökning av målgruppen. Utifrån den information som kommer fram ska olika logotyper formges och värderas för att på bästa sätt besvara syftet av rapporten. Studien visar att det bästa sättet att reflektera ett bands varumärke är att fastställa värdeord som passar på bandet och dess målgrupps bild av bandet för att sedan utforma en logotyp som överensstämmer med dessa värdeord. Logotypen kan gynnas av att ha en abstrakt utformning eftersom musik uppfattas olika och då kan en logotyp som enbart förmedlar en viss känsla begränsa ett bands möjligheter att reflektera deras varumärke. Symboler och färg är två faktorer som kan ändra uppfattningen kring hur en logotyp kan uppfattas. Det är därför viktigt att använda sig av färger och symboler som överensstämmer med bandets värdeord och musik. När den visuella formgivningen av logotypen överensstämmer med bandets värdeord och musik skapas igenkännlighet och engagemang kring varumärket.