Previous research has indicated that aggression is generally detrimental to performance in the occupational domain (Campbell, 1990; James et al., 2005; Sackett, 2002; Viswesvaran et al., 1999). In certain athletic contexts, however, aggression may serve to enhance performance at the team level. For this analysis, team-level aggression is hypothesized to be positively related to team performance in basketball. Aggression in this context is defined as "the desire to inflict harm on another individual, group, or entity" (James, 2005, p.71). Both implicit (CRT-A) and explicit (NEO-PI-R) aggression were measured, and team performance was represented primarily by team scores. The data demonstrate that team-level implicit aggression is significantly and positively related to team performance, however team-level explicit aggression does not have a significant relationship with team performance.

The purpose of this thesis was to determine whether the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) could account for significant variance within a measure of personality developed for the intellectually disabled (i.e., the Reiss Profile of Fundamental Motives), as well as to consider their comparative validity. The NEO PI-R and the Reiss Profile of Fundamental Motives were administered to 127 undergraduate students in conjunction with the Personality Research Form (PRF) and the Behavior Report Form (BRF). The NEO PI-R was able to account for a substantial amount of variance in the Reiss Profile scales, and the Reiss and the NEO accounted for approximately equivalent amounts of variance in the PRF and BRF. Implications for general personality research as well as additional research with a sample of adults with intellectual disability are discussed.

Government reports indicate that, on average, more than 3000 people die due to distracted driving each year, accounting for nearly 10% of all fatal car crashes. Other reports claim that two-thirds of fatal car accidents result from aggressive driving. Previous research has been inconclusive regarding how personality impacts distracted and aggressive driving behaviors. Therefore, the goal of this current study is to fill the gap in the literature concerning the role that personality plays in distracted and aggressive driving behaviors. We also explored the role that distracted and aggressive driving behaviors played in accident involvement. A sample of (N=327) participants were recruited using social media and the UCF SONA System. They were asked to self-report their driving behaviors and personality traits by completing a series of online questionnaires (ADBQ, BFI, DBQ, DDQ, DEMO, and IPIP NEO PI-R). Using this data, bivariate correlations were run using the Pearson Correlation Coefficients to determine the role that personality (OCEAN) plays in distracted and aggressive driving behaviors. We used the DDQ and the IPIP NEO PI-R to evaluate the relationship between personality and distracted driving, and we found that personality traits: Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism were all significant predictors of distracted driving. Openness was the only one of the five personality traits to have no significant correlation. We used the ADBQ and the IPIP NEO PI-R to assess the relationship between personality and aggressive driving, and we found the same four personality traits: Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism were all significant predictors of aggressive driving. Openness was, again, the only one of the five personality traits to have no significant correlation. Backward regression analyses were performed to determine what caused these relationships. The regression analysis displayed trait subscales: Morality, Cooperation, Self Discipline, Activity Level, Excitement Seeking, Anger, Emotionality, and Liberalism, each significantly contributed to driver distraction. Another backward regression analysis reveals trait subscales: Morality, Self-Efficacy, Dutifulness, Self Discipline, Anger, and Artistic Interests, each significantly contributed to driver aggression.

L'objectif général de cette thèse est d'examiner le lien entre les traits de personnalité évalués selon l'approche des cinq facteurs et les résultats des traitements psychosociaux auprès de jeunes adultes présentant un premier épisode psychotique. Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, 129 personnes ont été recrutées à participer à une étude expérimentale randomisée. Les participants ont été assignés soit à un groupe de thérapie cognitive-comportementale, soit à un groupe d'entraînement aux habiletés sociales visant la gestion des symptômes, soit à une liste d'attente. Les participants ont complété pré- et post-traitement le Questionnaire bref de personnalité NEO Révisé (Costa & McCrae, 1992), l'Échelle abrégée d'évaluation psychiatrique (Lukoff et al., 1986; Ventura et al., 1993) et l'Échelle d'adaptation cybernétique (Edwards & Baglioni, 1993). Dans le premier article, les profils de personnalité et la stabilité temporelle des traits de personnalité des jeunes adultes présentant un premier épisode psychotique ont été étudiés. Les résultats révèlent différents profils de personnalité et une stabilité des traits de personnalité. Dans le second article, les profils de personnalité et la valeur prédictive des traits de personnalité ou des profils sur les résultats thérapeutiques ont été investigués. Les résultats révèlent aussi différents profils de personnalité, aucun spécifiquement lié aux symptômes. Aucun lien n'a pu être rapporté entre les traits de personnalité et l'amélioration symptomatologique. Toutefois, les traits de personnalité et les profils sont liés à l'amélioration des stratégies actives d'adaptation. Dans le dernier article, la valeur prédictive des traits de personnalité sur les résultats thérapeutiques selon le groupe de traitement spécifique a été étudiée. Les résultats démontrent un lien entre les traits de personnalité et l'amélioration symptomatologique et des stratégies d'adaptation selon le traitement. Les traits de personnalité sont particulièrement liés aux résultats thérapeutiques des stratégies actives d'adaptation. Cette thèse contribue à l'avancement des connaissances en se penchant sur l'importance des traits de personnalité dans le traitement psychosocial des jeunes adultes présentant un premier épisode psychotique et en soulignant la nécessité d'étudier davantage les différences individuelles de la personnalité de cette clientèle. Les implications cliniques des résultats et les recommandations pour la recherche sont présentées. / The aim of this thesis was to elucidate the link between personality traits based on the Five Factor Model of personality and therapeutic outcomes of two group treatments for first episode psychosis: cognitive behavior therapy and skills training for symptom management. One hundred and twenty-nine individuals with first episode psychosis were recruited to participate in a randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomized to one of two group treatments or to a wait-list control group. Measures pre- and post-treatment included the shorter version of the Revised NEO personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992), measures of Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Expanded (Lukoff et al., 1986; Ventura et al., 1993) and the shorter version of the Cybernetic Coping Scale coping strategies (Edwards & Baglioni, 1993). In the first article, personality profiles and stability over time of personality traits of individuals with a first episode of psychosis were investigated. Results showed that individuals with a first episode of psychosis present with different personality profiles. Moreover, personality traits of the first episodes showed stability over time. In the second article, personality profiles and predictive value of personality traits or profiles on therapeutic outcomes of treatments for first episode psychosis were investigated. Results revealed also different personality profiles, none specifically linked to psychotic symptoms. No links could be demonstrated between personality traits and symptom improvements but personality traits and profiles were linked to therapeutic improvements in active coping strategies. In the last article, predictive value of personality traits on therapeutic outcomes accordingly to specific group treatments for first episode psychosis was investigated. Results showed links between personality traits, symptoms and coping outcome measures, according to specific group treatments. Personality traits were particularly linked to therapeutic improvements in active coping strategies. In sum, this thesis contributed to the field of personality traits in those with a first episode psychosis by investigating the pertinence of personality traits in the choice of psychosocial treatments and highlighting the need for further study considering individual differences in psychosis. Clinical implications are discussed and recommendations for clinical research offered.

L'objectif général de cette thèse est d'examiner le lien entre les traits de personnalité évalués selon l'approche des cinq facteurs et les résultats des traitements psychosociaux auprès de jeunes adultes présentant un premier épisode psychotique. Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, 129 personnes ont été recrutées à participer à une étude expérimentale randomisée. Les participants ont été assignés soit à un groupe de thérapie cognitive-comportementale, soit à un groupe d'entraînement aux habiletés sociales visant la gestion des symptômes, soit à une liste d'attente. Les participants ont complété pré- et post-traitement le Questionnaire bref de personnalité NEO Révisé (Costa & McCrae, 1992), l'Échelle abrégée d'évaluation psychiatrique (Lukoff et al., 1986; Ventura et al., 1993) et l'Échelle d'adaptation cybernétique (Edwards & Baglioni, 1993). Dans le premier article, les profils de personnalité et la stabilité temporelle des traits de personnalité des jeunes adultes présentant un premier épisode psychotique ont été étudiés. Les résultats révèlent différents profils de personnalité et une stabilité des traits de personnalité. Dans le second article, les profils de personnalité et la valeur prédictive des traits de personnalité ou des profils sur les résultats thérapeutiques ont été investigués. Les résultats révèlent aussi différents profils de personnalité, aucun spécifiquement lié aux symptômes. Aucun lien n'a pu être rapporté entre les traits de personnalité et l'amélioration symptomatologique. Toutefois, les traits de personnalité et les profils sont liés à l'amélioration des stratégies actives d'adaptation. Dans le dernier article, la valeur prédictive des traits de personnalité sur les résultats thérapeutiques selon le groupe de traitement spécifique a été étudiée. Les résultats démontrent un lien entre les traits de personnalité et l'amélioration symptomatologique et des stratégies d'adaptation selon le traitement. Les traits de personnalité sont particulièrement liés aux résultats thérapeutiques des stratégies actives d'adaptation. Cette thèse contribue à l'avancement des connaissances en se penchant sur l'importance des traits de personnalité dans le traitement psychosocial des jeunes adultes présentant un premier épisode psychotique et en soulignant la nécessité d'étudier davantage les différences individuelles de la personnalité de cette clientèle. Les implications cliniques des résultats et les recommandations pour la recherche sont présentées. / The aim of this thesis was to elucidate the link between personality traits based on the Five Factor Model of personality and therapeutic outcomes of two group treatments for first episode psychosis: cognitive behavior therapy and skills training for symptom management. One hundred and twenty-nine individuals with first episode psychosis were recruited to participate in a randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomized to one of two group treatments or to a wait-list control group. Measures pre- and post-treatment included the shorter version of the Revised NEO personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992), measures of Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Expanded (Lukoff et al., 1986; Ventura et al., 1993) and the shorter version of the Cybernetic Coping Scale coping strategies (Edwards & Baglioni, 1993). In the first article, personality profiles and stability over time of personality traits of individuals with a first episode of psychosis were investigated. Results showed that individuals with a first episode of psychosis present with different personality profiles. Moreover, personality traits of the first episodes showed stability over time. In the second article, personality profiles and predictive value of personality traits or profiles on therapeutic outcomes of treatments for first episode psychosis were investigated. Results revealed also different personality profiles, none specifically linked to psychotic symptoms. No links could be demonstrated between personality traits and symptom improvements but personality traits and profiles were linked to therapeutic improvements in active coping strategies. In the last article, predictive value of personality traits on therapeutic outcomes accordingly to specific group treatments for first episode psychosis was investigated. Results showed links between personality traits, symptoms and coping outcome measures, according to specific group treatments. Personality traits were particularly linked to therapeutic improvements in active coping strategies. In sum, this thesis contributed to the field of personality traits in those with a first episode psychosis by investigating the pertinence of personality traits in the choice of psychosocial treatments and highlighting the need for further study considering individual differences in psychosis. Clinical implications are discussed and recommendations for clinical research offered.

Master of Science / Department of Psychology / Ronald G. Downey / Firmly rooted in positive psychology, this study attempted to look beyond discovering the direction or shape of the stress-performance relationship and sought to instead determine the role of personality in this relationship. Although we were unable to test for moderation effects due to multicollinearity issues, we did discover that positive personality characteristics were a significant predictor of performance—even after controlling for experience and self-perceived stress. Interestingly, this relationship occurred in an opposite direction than expected in that higher levels of positive personality characteristics were predictive of lower performance ratings.

Das Hauptziel dieser Dissertation war es die Beziehung zwischen ADHS und Intelligenz, erfasst mit der deutschen Version des WISC-III, dem HAWIK-III, zu untersuchen. Des Weiteren wurde die Beziehung von Intelligenz als Struktur innerhalb der ADHS-Stichprobe (n = 320) zu anderen Konstrukten wie Persönlichkeit und Aufmerksamkeit exploriert. Es zeigte sich, dass auf den Hauptskalen der Verbal-IQ signifikant über der Norm lag (r = .23), während der Handlungs-IQ signifikant unter der Norm blieb (r = .19). Der Gesamt-IQ unterschied sich nicht signifikant von der Normstichprobe (r = .04). Korrelative Analysen zeigten generell einen mittleren Zusammenhang zwischen dem bei ADHS erfassten Gesamt-IQ mit Offenheit für Erfahrungen (r = .39) und KL (r = .36) sowie F-Sorgfalt (r = .33) des d2. Es konnte kein nennenswerter Einfluss von Geschlecht, Medikation und dimensionalen ADHSMaßen auf die HAWIK-III Werte gefunden werden. / The main aim of this dissertation was to investigate the relationship between ADHD and intelligence as measured by the german version of the WISC-III, the HAWIK-III. Additionally the relationship of intelligence as structure within the ADHS sample (n = 320) towards other constructs such as personality and attention was explored. It was found that on the main scales, verbal-IQ was significantly above the norm (r = .23) while performance-IQ remained significantly below the norm (r = .19). The Full Scale- IQ was not significantly different from the norm sample (r = .04). Correlative analysis showed a generally medium relationship between measured Full Scale-IQ in ADHD, Openness to Experience (r = .39), KL (r = .36) and F-Sorgfalt (r = .33) of the d2. No noteworthy influence of gender, medication and ADHD dimensional measures on the HAWIK-III scores was found.

Visame pasaulyje visuomenė sensta, todėl labai svarbu yra pažinti vyresnio amžiaus žmones. Kad senstant keičiasi fizinis pajėgumas, visi žinome, tačiau nuomonių apie tai, kas vyksta su žmogaus asmenybe, yra įvairių. Mano tyrimo tikslas buvo tirti ir palyginti vyresnio amžiaus žmonių asmenybės savybių ypatumus, priklausomai nuo jų gyvenamosios aplinkos, amžiaus ir lyties. Tyrime buvo naudotas NEO-PI-R klausimynas, sukurtas Costa ir McCrae (1992), kurį sudaro 240 teiginių. Tyrime dalyvavo 132 asmenys: 101 tiriamasis – vyresnio amžiaus žmonės, gyvenantys pensionate, likę 31 tiriamasis – jaunesnio amžiaus žmonės. Dar viena imtis palyginimui buvo paimta iš Vilniaus universiteto Filosofijos fakulteto laboratorijos duomenų bazės – tai 67 vyresnio amžiaus žmonės, gyvenantys namie. Rezultatai parodė, jog gyvenamoji aplinka turi įtakos tam tikriems vyresnio amžiaus žmonių asmenybės bruožams, pavyzdžiui, namie gyvenantys vyresnio amžiaus žmonės yra atviresni patyrimui, o pensionato gyventojai – pažeidžiamesni. Tačiau bruožų, kuriais abi imtys yra panašios, vis dėlto yra daugiau. Taip pat nustatyta, jog nepriklausomai nuo gyvenamosios aplinkos, su amžiumi mažėja priešiškumas ir veikla, o didėja – tiesumo išreikštumas. Tyrimas parodė, jog vyresnio ir jaunesnio amžiaus žmonės skiriais tam tikrai asmenybės bruožais: vyresniems labiau būdingas sutariamumas, depresija, šiluma, pasitikėjimas, tiesumas, nuolaidumas ir kuklumas; jaunesniems labiau būdingas priešiškumas, impulsyvumas ir jausmai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In all of the world society is getting older, for that reason it is very important to know seniors better. Everybody knows that people are loosing their physical strength as they get older, but there are many disagreements about what happens with their personalities. The object of the current study was to examine and compare personality features of senior people, depending on their living environment, age and sex. NEO-PI-R questionnaire created by Costa and McCrae (1992) was used in this study, it contains 240 statements. 132 people participated in this study: 101 – nursing home residents, 31 – younger people. More data was taken from Vilnius University Phylosophy faculty laboratory database – it was data about 67 seniors, living at home. The results showed that living environment has influence on some of the seniors’ personality features, for example, seniors who live at home are more open to experience, and nursing home residents are more vulnerable. However personalities of these two groups have more similar traits. The study showed that despite living environment angry hostility and actions decreases with age and straightforwardness increases. Younger and older people differ in these personality traits: for the seniors’ agreeableness, depression, warmth, trust, straightforwardness and modesty are more expressed; for younger people hostility, impulsiveness and feelings are more expressed. Yet conscientiuousness, for example, and all its facets do not depend on age. This... [to full text]

This study examines spontanneous, laic personality ratings of face in comparison to following questionnaires: 16 PF, EPQ-R, NEO-PI-R. We've focused on how people spontaneously rate personality from face in relation to traits which are examined by said questionnaires. We tried to discover which traits are part of questionnaires but not included qualiative ratings and vice versa which traits can be found in laic descriptions but not in questionnaires. We used data from previous studies which provided us with two independent data, self-reports and ratings of facial photographs. Ratings were sorted out and compared to questionnaires. Most of the traits from qualiative data were also included in NEO-PI-R, specifically 90,4% of traits from self-reports and 82,90% of peer reports. 16 PF covered 88% and 77,81% of traits, EPQ-R 86% and 75,94% respectively. The least covered factor overall was Self-Reliance (16 PF) which included only 0,4% of all traits from self-reports. We have not found any factor which would be completely neglected in qualiatitve descriptions. Atractivity and physical traits were one of the main traits among those left unclassified. As with atractivity itself there was wide range of traits that we are unsure of how much personality relevant they actually are. Among unclassified traits...

Das Hauptziel dieser Dissertation war es die Beziehung zwischen ADHS und Intelligenz, erfasst mit der deutschen Version des WISC-III, dem HAWIK-III, zu untersuchen. Des Weiteren wurde die Beziehung von Intelligenz als Struktur innerhalb der ADHS-Stichprobe (n = 320) zu anderen Konstrukten wie Persönlichkeit und Aufmerksamkeit exploriert. Es zeigte sich, dass auf den Hauptskalen der Verbal-IQ signifikant über der Norm lag (r = .23), während der Handlungs-IQ signifikant unter der Norm blieb (r = .19). Der Gesamt-IQ unterschied sich nicht signifikant von der Normstichprobe (r = .04). Korrelative Analysen zeigten generell einen mittleren Zusammenhang zwischen dem bei ADHS erfassten Gesamt-IQ mit Offenheit für Erfahrungen (r = .39) und KL (r = .36) sowie F-Sorgfalt (r = .33) des d2. Es konnte kein nennenswerter Einfluss von Geschlecht, Medikation und dimensionalen ADHSMaßen auf die HAWIK-III Werte gefunden werden. / The main aim of this dissertation was to investigate the relationship between ADHD and intelligence as measured by the german version of the WISC-III, the HAWIK-III. Additionally the relationship of intelligence as structure within the ADHS sample (n = 320) towards other constructs such as personality and attention was explored. It was found that on the main scales, verbal-IQ was significantly above the norm (r = .23) while performance-IQ remained significantly below the norm (r = .19). The Full Scale- IQ was not significantly different from the norm sample (r = .04). Correlative analysis showed a generally medium relationship between measured Full Scale-IQ in ADHD, Openness to Experience (r = .39), KL (r = .36) and F-Sorgfalt (r = .33) of the d2. No noteworthy influence of gender, medication and ADHD dimensional measures on the HAWIK-III scores was found.