À la lumière de la théorie de l’identité narrative élaborée par Paul Ricœur, ce mémoire évoque la configuration identitaire des personnages dans les œuvres Cosmos et Les envoûtés de W. Gombrowicz, ainsi que To the Lighthouse et The Waves de V. Woolf. D’une part, nous analyserons l’obsession d’une mise en série aliénante dans le cas de Witold (Cosmos), suivi par un cas de dédoublement et de perte dans l’Autre chez Walczak (Les envoûtés). D’autre part, nous évoquerons le rapport à la famille (James Ramsay) en plus de l’inscription et de l’ancrage par le biais d’éléments prépondérants (The Waves). Il en résulte chez ces personnages, la conception d’une identité par l’entremise d’histoires et d’événements qui la façonnent en un parcours narratif singulier. / By the means of Paul Ricœur’s theory on narrative identity, the following thesis will examine the singular conceptions of identity in the works Cosmos and Les envoutés (W. Gombrowicz) as well as To the Lighthouse and The Waves by V. Woolf. On one hand, we will analyze the obsessive serialization behavior that Witold manifests in Cosmos followed by a case of complete loss of one’s self towards otherness. Furthermore, we will scrutinize the family turmoil between James Ramsay (To the Lighthouse) and his family members. Additionally, we will also inspect the adherence and anchoring of three protagonists towards the development of a unique perception of their environment (The Waves). Ultimately, the protagonists recognize that one’s self is intrically linked to individual stories and events that craft their own sense of being.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:26:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Rossetti.pdf: 1266712 bytes, checksum: 2a56c3eb5610d07f284a30e545417971 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work deals with the in Paul Ricoeur developed Justice philosophy theory based in the hermeneuthics of judge decisions. The understanding of such concept leads to the investigation of man s ability to judge (decide) on the basis of ethical values and trustful behaviour as well. The Thesis main purpose is the identification of the three levels of elements that contribute to bring the sense of justice s goodness forward. Therefore, it s necessary to observe the justice making process, ie, the judge as a man able to recognizes his act as one among the possibles good-will acts. Further, the ethic component to be considered and pursued through a sense of life s virtue among individuals categorizeds in and of fair institutions posted as turning points to identify who is the righteous man no matter the level of eveness and uniqueness of one who decides. This quest is justified by logical and dialogical processes focused in the awareness of how a decision act (judgement act) can be recognized as a fair or unfair. Paul Ricoeur philosophy especially his latest years issues reflects his concern in the urgency to unveil the mechanism of judicial decision making, whose consequences go far beyond someone ordinary life. Paul Ricoeur thought emerges the discussion of an ultimate men s justice as a result of a complex (social, economic, political, cultural etc) system, which core is haunted by the inherent human weakness and vicious narroness to capture the essence of God s justice creation / Esta tese fala de uma hermenêutica do homem justo a partir de uma teoria da justiça presente na filosofia de Paul Ricoeur. Trata-se da compreensão da figura do homem capaz de julgar o outro a partir de parâmetros éticos fundados na solicitude, no respeito e na responsabilidade. O objetivo é o de estabelecer os sentidos da justiça nos três planos de compreensão da individualidade humana do sujeito que julga, a partir da compreensão do eu julgador enquanto um sentido próprio do ato de julgar. Então, a visada ética de uma vida boa com e para os outros em instituições justas torna-se a pedra fundamental para identificação de quem é o homem justo, tanto no plano da mesmidade, como no plano da ipseidade e da alteridade do sujeito que julga uma ação. Essa busca encontra sua justificativa na necessidade lógica e dialógica de compreender como se dá o julgamento de uma ação quando o que está em jogo é saber quando ela será considerada injusta ou justa. Para tanto, segue-se a leitura dos textos ricoeurianos, principalmente, a dos escritos dos últimos trinta anos, para verificar quais as reflexões que Paul Ricoeur desenvolveu acerca do tema: espera-se encontrar, ao menos, o fio condutor de uma reflexão que possa levar o leitor a compreender quem é o sujeito moral de imputação e quais são suas responsabilidades pelos atos praticados, quando estes implicam em um poder de decidir e agir sobre vidas, vontades e desejos. Ao final, encontra-se a trilha de uma reflexão sobre quem é aquele que julga e age sobre o outro, sob a perspectiva de uma visada ética que compreende o sujeito que julga uma ação como um homem capaz de justiça, mas falível em seu empreendimento

In this thesis, I argue that the interdependence between personal identity and practical concerns is overstated. In paradigmatic places where philosophers and common sense suggest that personal identity constrains how we should reason and care, or vice versa, the two spheres are in fact neutral to each other. I defend this claim by considering four specific cases. First, a rough characterization of the distinction between the complex and the simple view is that the former takes personal identity to consist in other relations, whereas the latter does not. I argue that the extreme claim according to which the complex view fails to give reasons for future-directed concern can be resisted. We maintain forward-looking attitudes and projects not because someone will be us, but because we relate to future selves in other, more important ways. Second, I argue that intuitions in a range of popular imaginary cases are contaminated by practical concerns whose relevance for personal identity is far from straightforward. Third, I argue that on a closer look, the complex versus simple distinction is confused. It thus cannot be what grounds differences in judgements on what matters. Debates about personal identity should be framed in terms of better understood notions. Finally, I argue that it is not a constraint on rational transformative choice that decision-maker and transforming individual are identical. Moreover, whether we are deciding for ourselves or for others - the importance of informed consent for transformative treatments is not diminished by the decision-maker's failure to projectively imagine the outcomes.

Ett ovanförperspektiv avseende kartläggningen av nyanlända elevers behov präglar det svenska samhället och skolsystem. Detta leder således till en indelning av elever i språkintroducerande förberedelseklasser som separeras från elever från ordinarie klasser vilket försvårar integrering. Syftet med denna studie är att fånga aktörens perspektiv genom en så kallad narrativ identitetsanalys som ämnar att undersöka hur 7 elever som läser Språkintroduktion på en gymnasieskola i Stockholm presenterar sina identiteter i deras berättelser om sin skolsituation. Detta har genomförts med hjälp av livshistorieintervjuer om elevernas erfarenheter och tolkningar av händelser på skolan. Berättelser rörande bytet av skolsystem, möte med klassen samt framtidsförhoppningar har presenterats på olika sätt av eleverna. De mest framträdande berättelserna utgörs av ontologiska berättelser som bygger på individens subjektiva upplevelser och självbild, offentliga berättelser om integration samt konceptuella berättelser om rasism. Eleverna skildrar en likställd bild av lärarnas och elevernas roller på skolan, en samhörighet med sina klasskamrater, kamp om erkännande från de andra eleverna och makthavarna på skolan, samt ett lyckligt avslut i sina berättelser om framtiden vilka beror på deras uppfattningar av sig själva. Det lyckliga slutet skildrar således en ovisshet om framtiden där en osäkerhet avseende den genomgående kampen om erkännande framgår. / An overarching perspective regarding the mapping of newly arrived pupils's needs characterizes the Swedish society and school system. This leads to a breakdown of pupils in so-called “Language Introductory Preparation Classes” which separates newly arrived pupils from pupils in ordinary classes and complicates integration. The purpose of this study is to capture the pupils`s perspective through a so-called narrative identity analysis aimed to investigate how 7 pupils from a Language Introduction- class at a high school in Stockholm, Sweden present their identities through their stories about their school situation. This has been implemented using interviews about the pupils' experiences and interpretations of events that has taken place at their school and class. Stories regarding the change of school system, the meeting with the class and future hopes have been presented in different ways by the students. The most prominent stories consist of ontological narratives based on the individual's subjective experiences and self-image, public stories about integration, and conceptual stories about racism. The students portray a similar picture of the roles of teachers and students at the school, a community with their fellow classmates, a struggle for recognition from the other students and the rulers of the school, as well as a hope for a happy ending and a resolution of the fight for recognition. The happy end also depicts an uncertainty about the future where an uncertainty regarding the ongoing struggle for recognition appears.

Este trabalho dedica-se à leitura comparada de três obras contemporâneas que versam sobre o tema do exílio: as argentinas La casa y el viento (1984), de Héctor Tizón, e En estado de memoria (1990), de Tununa Mercado; e a brasileira Rabo de foguete. Os anos de exílio (1998), de Ferreira Gullar. Nosso objetivo é delimitar a configuração de uma voz narrativa que conta uma experiência de exílio que, para tanto, move-se entre estratégias de autorepresentação vinculadas à autobiografia e, ainda, à ficção. Para levar a cabo nosso estudo, partimos de um breve panorama histórico das últimas ditaduras da Argentina e do Brasil que nos ajuda na aproximação ao tema do exílio explorado nas três obras, isto é, o exílio como uma experiência ligada aos processos políticos desses países que, na sua dimensão subjetiva, significa perdas, fissuras, identidades em crise. Logo, procuramos demonstrar que, nas três obras, a negatividade dessa experiência compromete a possibilidade de narrar os eventos de modo linear e estável, afetando, por um lado, a construção dos textos como relatos autobiográficos nos moldes canônicos, e, por outro, a construção fictícia dos acontecimentos, uma vez que a experiência está diretamente relacionada com a vida de Héctor Tizón, Tununa Mercado e Ferreira Gullar. Interessa-nos o percurso que realizam os narradores para contar sua história, marcado por uma zona de instabilidade da enunciação que se propaga por todas as categorias dos relatos (tempo, espaço e personagens) e questiona a definição de gênero. / This work dedicates the comparative reading of three contemporary works which turn on the subject of the exile: the Argentine La casa y el viento (1984), of Héctor Tizón, and En estado de memoria (1990), of Tununa Mercado; and the Brazilian Rabo de foguete. Os anos de exílio (1998), of Ferreira Gullar. Our objective is to delimit the configuration of a narrative voice that counts an exile experience which, for in such a way, moves itself between entailed strategies of auto-representation related to the autobiography and, still, to the fiction. To take handle our study, we make initially of a brief historical panorama of the last dictatorships of Argentina and Brazil that help us approaching to the subject of the exile explored in the three workmanships, that is, the exile as an experience to the politicians processes of these countries that, in its subjective dimension, mean losses, fictions, identities in crisis. Soon, we try to demonstrate that, in the three workmanships, the negativities of this experience compromises the possibility to tell the events in linear and stable way, affecting, on the other hand, the construction of the texts as autobiographical stories in the canonic molds, and, for another one, the fictitious construction of the events, a time that the experience is directly related to the life of Héctor Tizón, Tununa Mercado and Ferreira Gullar. It interests us the passage that carries through the narrators to tell its history, marked for a zone of instability of the articulation that propagates for all the categories of the stories (time, space and personages) and questions the sort definition.

Revendiqué par des auteurs aussi divers que Paul Ricoeur, Alasdair MacIntyre ou Charles Taylor, le modèle narratif de l’identité – qui affirme que c’est l’histoire que nous racontons qui définit qui nous sommes – a fait l’objet de nombreuses critiques dans la littérature académique des dernières décennies. À suivre certaines d’entre elles, l’identité narrative serait une notion intrinsèquement conservatrice, et le récit serait le langage conflictuel par excellence. Ce soupçon jeté sur la narration doit être pris au sérieux compte tenu de la nature toute spécifique des inégalités qui se dessinent en Israël entre les Israéliens juifs et les Israéliens palestiniens, et dont nous montrerons qu’elles doivent être interprétées comme des « inégalités narratives ». Faut-il en conclure qu’il faille tourner le dos au langage des récits ? C’est une autre voie que nous chercherons à emprunter, en tentant de montrer le potentiel normatif et émancipateur de la narration. En nous appuyant sur le travail de Paul Ricoeur, notre hypothèse est qu’il devrait être possible d’accepter certaines prémisses narratives, sans que cela ne débouche sur les implications conservatrices du communautarianisme. Dans la dernière étape de ce travail, je tente d’utiliser les ressources conceptuelles de la narrativité dans le cadre d’une discussion plus vaste sur la justice ethnoculturelle, afin d’ouvrir la voie à un modèle théorique et pratique de réduction des inégalités narratives en Israël, que j’appelle « multinarrativisme ». En définitive, l’ultime finalité de cette recherche consiste à montrer que le modèle narratif de l’identité n’est pas seulement compatible avec l’exigence libérale du respect du pluralisme, mais qu’il permet aussi d’offrir un soutien théorique important aux politiques qui visent à promouvoir une plus forte inclusion démocratique des minorités culturelles. / Claimed by several authors such as Ricoeur, MacIntyre or Taylor, the narrative model of identity —which argues the narratives we tell define who we are— has been the target of much criticism in the academic literature over the last few decades. According to some of these critics, the concept of narrative identity is inherently conservative and a prime example of conflictual language. This discredit brought on narratives must be taken seriously in view of the specific nature of the inequalities that are evolving in Israel between Jewish Israelis and Palestinian Israelis and which we will propose to interpret as narrative inequalities. Does this mean that we have to get out of the narrative language? This is an alternative path that we will attempt to follow, by seeking to demonstrate that we can make an emancipatory use of narrative. By drawing on the work of Paul Ricoeur, our hypothesis is that it should be possible to accept some narrative premises without this leading to the conservative consequences of communitarianism. In the final stage of this work, I attempt to use the conceptual resources of narrativity as part of a broader discussion about ethnocultural justice in order to pave the way to a theoriticalpractical model for reducing narrative inequalities in Israel, which I call ‘multinarrativism’. Ultimately, the main purpose of this research is to show that the narrative model of identity is not merely compatible with the democratic requirement of respect for pluralism, but also provides important theoretical support for policies that aim to promote greater democratic inclusion of cultural minorities.

Thesis (Ph.D. (English))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Mad Pursuits: Therapeutic Narration in Postwar American Fiction examines three mid-century American novels—J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye (1951), Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man (1952), and Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar (1963)—in relation to the rise and popularization of psychoanalytic theory in America. The study historicizes these landmark novels as representing and interrogating postwar America’s confidence in the therapeutic capacity of narrative to redress psychological problems. Drawing on key concepts from narrative theory and the multidisciplinary field of narrative and identity studies, I argue that these texts develop a multi-layered, formal problematization of therapeutic narration: the narrativization of the self through modes of interpretation based on character action and development. The study, thus, investigates how the texts both critique the purported effectiveness of being healed through narrative means, as well as how they problematize their society’s investment in this method. I propose that the novels ultimately explore submerged possibilities for realizing what I call fugitive selves by creating self-representations that negotiate and exceed the confines of the paradigmatic models of plot and character of the period. In Chapter One, I argue that the ego and pop psychological movements during the postwar era encouraged the American public to define and realize psychological health, success and happiness through narrativized means. I show in Chapter Two how careful differentiation between narrative levels of interpretation in The Bell Jar reveals the novel’s complication of the self created in narrative, with and against the socio-cultural scripts and therapeutic assumptions of the period. Chapter Three concentrates on The Catcher in the Rye’s various methods of de-composing the narrative identity of the subject created through developmental and therapeutic narration. In the final chapter, I read Invisible Man as a satire of postwar psychoanalytic theory and method specifically concerning racialized narrative identities, and as a reflection on a method of enduring psychological illness. The Conclusion brings together several argumentative strands running throughout the dissertation regarding what the novels contrastively reveal about the perils, and even the possibilities, inherent in the narrativizing of the self in early postwar America.

Bien qu’on ait longtemps considéré le désespoir ou la souffrance comme un facteur de précipitation de l’expérience religieuse, aucune étude n’a été effectuée sur les liens entre une expérience d’abus sexuels et une conversion religieuse subséquente. Une revue de la littérature sur la dynamique religieuse des abus sexuels révèle deux paradigmes opposés : la religion comme ressource ou comme facteur de risque. De même, un examen des études sur la conversion indique trois dichotomies : un converti actif ou passif, une conversion soudaine ou progressive, et la conversion comme phénomène normal ou pathologique. Or, un recensement des témoignages anecdotiques de victimes d’abus sexuels qui ont subséquemment vécu une conversion suggère que l'interaction entre les deux événements est plus complexe. Pour dépasser ces dichotomies paradigmatiques, nous préconisons une approche narrative. Plus spécifiquement, nous utilisons le concept d’identité narrative développé par Paul Ricœur. Ce concept s’inscrit dans la dynamique ricœurienne de triple mimèsis, laquelle assure une fonction de liaison entre le champ pratique et le champ narratif. De façon générale, notre stratégie méthodologique consiste à déterminer comment, à partir d’éléments biographiques issus de la préfiguration (mimèsis I), le sujet configure son récit pour donner sens à son expérience (mimèsis II) et la refigure pour aboutir à une identité de survivant ou de converti (mimèsis III). Sept entrevues non directives ont été effectuées auprès de personnes qui ont subi des abus sexuels durant leur enfance et qui ont plus tard vécu une conversion religieuse dans le milieu évangélique. À partir de l'analyse en trois étapes mentionnée ci-dessus, nous évaluons la contribution positive ou négative des divers éléments narratifs et, surtout, de leur interaction à la construction de l’identité narrative du sujet. Nous en concluons que le rapport entre des abus sexuels subis durant l’enfance et une conversion ultérieure n’est pas si simple que la littérature pourrait le laisser soupçonner. La conversion peut s’avérer salutaire à la survie du sujet et contribuer à la guérison du traumatisme sexuel qu’il a subi. Toutefois, certains éléments religieux peuvent faire obstacle au processus de recouvrement. Ces éléments nocifs varient d’un sujet à l’autre, et ce qui est délétère pour l’un peut être bénéfique pour l’autre, selon la configuration du récit. / Although despair or discontent has long been thought to be a precipitating factor for religious experience, there has been no systematic investigation of the possible links between sexual abuse and religious conversion. A review of literature on the religious dynamics of sexual abuse reveals opposite paradigms: religion as risk factor and religion as resource. Likewise, a review of conversion studies reveals three such dichotomies: active or passive convert, sudden or gradual conversion, and conversion as normal or pathological. Anecdotal evidence from the literature suggests that the interaction between sexual abuse trauma and a subsequent conversion is more complex. To transcend these paradigmatic dichotomies, a narrative approach is advocated. More specifically, I use the concept of narrative identity as developed by Paul Ricœur. This concept relates to the Ricœurian notion of triple mimèsis, which links the practical and narrative fields. Starting from biographical elements from the narrative (mimèsis I), how does the subject configure his account to make sense out of his experience (mimèsis II) and refigure it to construct a survivor/convert identity (mimèsis III). Seven non-directive interviews were conducted with people who have suffered sexual violence during childhood and who subsequently experienced a religious conversion. From the aforementioned three-step analysis, the positive or negative contribution of the narrative elements – but mostly their interaction – to the subject’s narrative identity can be evaluated. We conclude that the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and a later conversion is not as simple as the literature would lead us to believe. Conversion can be beneficial to the subject’s survival and contribute to the healing of the sexual trauma. However, some religious elements can hinder the recovery process. These harmful elements vary from one person to another, and what is harmful for one can be beneficial for another, depending on the life story’s configuration.

No description available.