Cette thèse examine la transformation du système d’organisation des entreprises et entités administratives à Songjiang, une ville situées à la périphérie de Shanghai, après la prise du pouvoir par le parti communiste chinois en 1949. La période étudiée concerne la première décennie de transformation socialiste jusqu’à la veille du Grand Bond en avant. La thèse établit tout d’abord la place de Songjiang dans l’espace régional et les systèmes d’administration locale pré-existants au régime communiste. La mise en place d’une nouvelle administration se fait rapidement et sans heurts et s’accompagne d’un travail important d’enquête sur le tissue social et économique. C’est sur la base de ces enquêtes que le système des unités de travail est mis en place. Il se traduit par des restrictions grandissantes des activités économiques privées et la prise de contrôle de la production par des entités contrôlées par les autorités locales. L’artisanat et le commerce, les deux activités principales de Songjjiang, font l’objet d’une étude détaillée qui souligne le grand souci des autorités d’obtenir une connaissance très fine de ces secteurs en vue de modifier radicalement le système économique local. / The dissertation examines the transformation of the system of organization of companies and administrative entities in Songjiang, a town located in the vicinity of Shanghai, after the takeover by the Chinese Communist Party in 1949. The period under study deals with the first decade of socialist transformation until the eve of the Great Leap Forward in 1957. The dissertation first established the place of Songjiang in the regional context and the pre-existing systems of local administration. The establishment of the new communist administration proceeded quickly and smoothly. It was accompanied by an important work of survey of the social and economic system. It is on the basis of these surveys that the system of work units was implemented. It turned into increasing restrictions on the private economic sector and the takeover of production by entities under the control of the local authorities. Handicraft and trade, the two main activities in Songjiang, became the focus of detailed studies that show the concern of the new administration to acquire a deep knowledge of these sectors before the planned radical transformation of the local economic system.

Le système bancaire mauritanien a joué un grand rôle dans le développement du pays. De ce fait, il fut au cœur des grandes réformes financières et économiques initiées en Mauritanie. Un système bancaire qui, bien que, largement, inspiré d’autres systèmes (en particulier, le système français), présentera des spécificités qui lui sont propres. L’approche choisie est, à la fois, historique (abordant, de façon chronologique, les différentes étapes d’évolution du système bancaire mauritanien) et thématique (abordant les grands aspects qui distingueront chaque étape). Une approche qui met, également, l’accent sur l’importante dimension juridique de cette évolution. La présente thèse sera consacrée, principalement, à la présentation, des différentes composantes du système bancaire mauritanien (banques classiques, banques islamiques et banques étrangères) et des différentes structures d’appui financier à ce système bancaire, au niveau de la collecte de l’épargne ou d’octroi de crédit (établissements financiers non bancaires, sociétés d’assurances et institutions de microcrédit). Aussi, la place de la finance islamique dans le paysage bancaire mauritanien et la dynamique des relations des pouvoirs publics avec les institutions composant le système bancaire mauritanien constitueront-elles un autre volet de la présente thèse au cœur de laquelle, figure, d’autre part, l’évaluation du degré de compatibilité du système bancaire mauritanien avec les standards internationaux / The mauritanian banking system played a major role in the development of the country. As a result, it was at the heart of the major financial and economic reforms initiated in Mauritania. A banking system which, although largely inspired by other systems (in particular the french system), will present specific features of its own. The approach chosen is both historical (dealing chronologically with the different stages of the development of the mauritanian banking system) and thematic (addressing the major aspects that will distinguish each stage). An approach that also emphasizes the important legal dimension of this development.This thesis will be devoted mainly to the presentation of the different components of the mauritanian banking system (classic banks, Islamic banks and foreign banks) and the various financial support structures for this banking system, (non-bank financial institutions, insurance companies and microcredit institutions). Also, the role of islamic finance in the mauritanian banking landscape and the dynamics of relations between public authorities and the institutions composing the mauritanian banking system will constitute another part of the present thesis at the heart of which, on the other hand, the assessment of the degree of compatibility of the mauritanian banking system with international standards

KULLMANOVÁ, Katarína Bc.: Transformation of Golem in Popular Culture (diploma thesis) Charles University in Prague. Faculty: Institute of Ethnology. Supervisor: PhDc. Peter Janecek, Ph.D. Praha, 2015-08-16 The aim of the study is to outline the Golem legend, through the work of Alois Jirasek: Old Czech Legends (1894) a film by Martin Fric: The Emperor's Baker and Baker's Emperor (1951), which enables got Golem today's visually similar. Subsequent demonstration on how much above two sources affect people's perceptions on the topic. The aim of this work is also to show the gradual disappearance of the original legends of the 16th century and approach the area where the phenomenon Golem applied later: literature, film, tourism and the transformation of the 19th-21st centuries.

La Tunisie n’a pas échappé au mouvement universel de privatisation. Sous l’effet conjugué du poids de ses entreprises publiques, et de la dette extérieure et de la conditionnalité des bailleurs de fonds internationaux (Banque Mondiale et FMI), la Tunisie s’est engagée dans un vaste programme de privatisation. Cet ouvrage cerne les objectifs, les modalités et les enjeux qui accompagnent le processus de privatisation tunisien, en le comparant à la mise en œuvre du programme français de privatisation. Dans une seconde partie, l’étude présente les alternatives possibles aux privatisations, particulièrement les partenariats public-privé, largement diffusés de nos jours. / Tunisia has not escaped the global privatization movement. Taking into account the weight of its public companies and foreign debt and also the conditionality of international donors (World Bank and IMF), Tunisia has embarked on a vast program of privatization. This thesis work purpose is to identify the objectives, terms and stakes that conduct the Tunisian privatization process, and then comparing it to the implementation of the French privatization program. In the second part, the study describes the possible alternatives to privatization, particularly the public-private partnerships that are widely available today.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

This thesis explores the manner in which political-economic forces born of democratisation have shaped media developments in Zambia, affected the welfare of journalists and the viability of the state owned press epitomised by the Times Newspapers. The aim is to inform the privatisation policy discourse. Using a political economy analysis, the thesis unveils the historical intimacy between nationalist administrations and multinational business elites and how these forces - often working in collusion - influenced patterns of media ownership, inhibited labour rights and controlled communicative activity – indicative of how the state and markets can constrain freedom of expression and association, despite democratisation. The thesis contends that the uncertainty of neo-patrimonial conditions that characterised the post colonial era has not dissipated to a great extent and continues to undermine media and institutional reform in today’s liberally inclined Zambia. Pervasive clientelism has also compromised popular perceptions of state media systems, subverting competitiveness and the propagandist function of the Times Newspapers in the liberalised market, a point empirically illustrated through the analysis of market and public opinion data. / Communication Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication)

Diploma thesis called Entrepreneur and entrepreneurship in times of state interventionism and dirigisme. Josef Hégr (1896 - 1971) focuses on the aspects of entrepreneurial experience, background and corporate engagement of Josef Hégr, a native of Chotětov (a small rural village located near Mladá Boleslav). The graduate of the business academy was going up from being a bureaucrat in charge of accounting in the international business company called Balkan - a company for trade and industry, to becoming a co-owner of this joint-stock company. Later he continuously worked as a co-owner of the joint-stock company Czech International Transport Company Karlík and Co. until 1948. Josef Hégr became a Czech entrepreneur in transport and agriculture and in the 1930s after he had bought the manor of Horky nad Jizerou and related businesses. His business activities were escalating during the Second World War. And, he worked in national Czech companies where he defended national Czech interests. Concerning the Czech entrepreneurship, he tried to protect much from the occupation forces, and became a crisis manager. All his entrepreneurial activities ceased to exist after the beginning of Communist regime. The entrepreneur was marginalised within people- democratic society. During his life he even waited to see...

This thesis explores the manner in which political-economic forces born of democratisation have shaped media developments in Zambia, affected the welfare of journalists and the viability of the state owned press epitomised by the Times Newspapers. The aim is to inform the privatisation policy discourse. Using a political economy analysis, the thesis unveils the historical intimacy between nationalist administrations and multinational business elites and how these forces - often working in collusion - influenced patterns of media ownership, inhibited labour rights and controlled communicative activity – indicative of how the state and markets can constrain freedom of expression and association, despite democratisation. The thesis contends that the uncertainty of neo-patrimonial conditions that characterised the post colonial era has not dissipated to a great extent and continues to undermine media and institutional reform in today’s liberally inclined Zambia. Pervasive clientelism has also compromised popular perceptions of state media systems, subverting competitiveness and the propagandist function of the Times Newspapers in the liberalised market, a point empirically illustrated through the analysis of market and public opinion data. / Communication Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication)

This research, has relevance in the wake of dwindling aid channelled to the third world rural poor. This study has explored ways of breaking away from benevolence and economism. The research explores four objectives that are focussed on scanning the boundary, in terms of challenges and possible solutions. This provides some in-depth understanding of challenges that face the process of establishing self-sustaining institutions of development. In the last two objectives, the research explores some programming alternatives that would enhance the establishment of democratic and participatory organisations that maximise social capital and grassroots democratisation. A list of guidelines specific to institutions has been drawn. The results of the survey reveal that sustainability cannot be predicted due to the uncertainties and ambiguities associated with project success. The hypothesis that participation and grassroots democratisation facilitates project success has been validated and there was greater project success in participatory organisations, given the baseline context. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de LL.M. Droit Dans le cadre du programme de Maîtrise en droit(LL.M.) 2-325-1-0 en option recherche et droit des affaires" / Avec le début du processus de négociation entourant la création d'une éventuelle Zone de libre-échange des Amériques, il est permis de se demander si l'entente, prévue pour 2005, aura un impact significatif sur l'évolution des normes réglementant les investissements directs étrangers (IDE). À cet égard, à l'échelle internationale, l'évolution des normes sur les IDE est caractérisée par deux grandes phases. Une première phase concerne l'évolution des règles et principes destinés respectivement à sécuriser et garantir les investissements internationaux. Cette phase pourrait et sera probablement consolidée juridiquement avec la conclusion prochaine de la ZLÉA. Conséquence de l'effacement progressif des doctrines politiques réfractaires ou dissuasives à l'IDE, particulièrement vrai depuis la fin de la guerre froide, ces principes sont largement connus des juristes: traitement national, traitement juste et équitable, traitement de la nation la plus favorisée, règles en matière d'expropriation et de nationalisation, etc. La seconde phase concerne, elle, les règles destinées à libéraliser le cadre juridique entourant les opérations d'investissements. i.e. les règles visant notamment à assurer une libre admission des IDE sur le territoire de l'État hôte de l'investissement et une plus grande liberté de gestion en faveur de l'investisseur étranger. Cela dit, contrairement aux règles destinées à sécuriser les IDE, il n'y a pas de consensus politique suffisamment important dans les Amériques, enfin selon nous, pour voir ces principes se cristalliser de manière extensive dans un accord pan-américain. Le présent mémoire examinera les règles juridiques appartenant à ces deux phases d'évolution. Celles-ci feront plus précisément l'objet du second chapitre de notre mémoire. Le premier chapitre, quant à lui, portera sur l'évolution et la réaction de "la société internationale face à ce phénomène de multinationalisation des entreprises, pour ensuite porter sur l'évolution conceptuelle des notions d'investissements et d'investisseurs internationaux. En sus des trois versions de l'avant-projet de chapitre sur les investissements rendues publiques sur le site officiel de la ZLÉA, les ententes bilatérales et sous-régionales occuperont aussi une place privilégiée dans nos analyses. Alors qu'historiquement les premières 1n11:latlves d'intégration économique (en Amérique latine et centrale principalement) étaient marquées par l'idéologie du développement et celle du Nouvel ordre économique international (NOEI), la ZLÉA, comme processus d'intégration, est guidée elle au premier chef par l'idéologie libérale, sinon ultralibérale. Dans les Amériques, compte tenu des différences tangibles de développement des économies nationales des 34 États invités à négocier, le consensus de Washington, présent en 1994, semble s'effriter et annonce la conclusion prochaine d'une entente minimaliste. Cela affecterait dans une même proportion la question des IDE auquel cas il faudra admettre que la ZLÉA ne révolutionnera pas le cadre juridique dans lequel se font les opérations d'investissement. / With the beginning of the negotiating process that should be leading to the establishment of the Free Trade Area of the Americas for 2005, it's interesting to take a look at the possible evolution of the roles and principles related to Foreign Direct investments regulation in the Americas. On the international level, there's two basics categories of norms. The ftrst one, are essentiaily design to protect and guarantee the investor and his investment. The eventual conclusion of FTAA could consolidate, at the hemisphere level, such category of roles and principles. Consequently to the end of cold war and the alignment of many country, but also many developing countries, in regard of the liberalism doctrine, the nature of these roles and principles are weil know by lawyers and professors in north-America: national treatment, fair and equitable treatment, most-favoured-nation treatment, roles concerning expropriation and nationalization, etc.. The second one, concern the roles and principles design to liberated the copusjuns afferent to FDI : for example, the roles and principles concerning transfer clause or performances requirements. That said, contrary to the ftrst category, there's no consensus over theses roles and principles. The absence of such consensus will probably influence the content of the agreement in a way that will be unsatisfted either for export-developing countries, such as the Canada and the United States, or developing countries. The present paper will examine roles and principles design for both protection and liberalization of FDI regulations. Indeed, the second chapter will entirely be treating of these matters. The ftrst chapter will instead be treating about the "transnationalization" of the private ftrm and the reaction of the international community regarding this phenomenon. The first chapter of our paper will also be the occasion to look at the conceptual evolution of both notions of "investor" and "investment" in regards of the FDI regime developed in the FTAA draft. On that matter, a special attention will be accorded to the FTTA process but also to bilateral and regional agreements signed over the last 15 years between members of the FTAA negotiating process. Historicaily and ideologicaily, the FTAA is link with the recent NAFTA process. There is no doubt about it. The integration process in the Americas is far from been recent in Latin America, with the difference that this last process was mostly inspired by the ideology of "development" and the project of NIEO. The FTAA process, on the other hand, is clearly guide by the liberalism ideology which not always take into account the particularize needs of developing countries. When the FTAA process begin, there was a consensus, among leaders, over the idea that free-trade, as weil as liberal FDI regulations, will beneftt to developing countries and ftt their economic and social aspirations. Since then, this consensus, the so-called "Washington consensus", has been lost and that will, necessarily, have some effects on the evolution of the roles and principles related to FDI regulation in the Americas.