The aim of this study was to increase the knowledge about if and how the National Value System’s goal of a life with dignity for the elderly pervades the work in home care organisations. The study was based on a qualitative research method and was conducted through interviews with professional care givers in home care organisations, there were five individual interviews and one pair interview. The background for this study was the National Value System for the eldercare that was introduced in 2011. The theory of New Public Management and the concept of Rationality of Caring were used to analyse the result. New Public Management introduces a strategy of competition tendering by signing deals with the company that give the best offer, in order to increase the quality and efficiency of organisations. An important part of New Public Management is that the leaders in organisations have control of what is happening in the organisation in order to further increase the quality and efficiency. The Rationality of Caring is about having the care recipients’ needs and wishes as a primary force of action. The study shows that professional care givers work in a way that promotes a life with dignity for the elderly and that they act with a rationality of caring, but the rationality that rules the organisations in which they work precludes their way of working. The Politicians definition of rationality, which is about the efficiency and quality that can be measured, is the one that is prioritized. It also shows that the organisation priorities small time-consumption and standardized services in order to increase the efficiency. It is found that the professional caregivers perceive that the demand for documentation and other administrative tasks has increased and as a result of this the elderly does not receive the time they have been granted.

Background: In Swedish elderly care, New Public Management (NPM) can be identified in several different ways, for instance it has entailed changed control principles with an increased element of various standardized instruments. Another important feature is that political governance has become increasingly decentralized. The unit managers within elderly care are the professional group that to a large extent has the responsibility to implement various changes. For unit managers, this means a complex professional role with a responsibility for the staff and their work environment, the budget and the realization of the organization's overall goals in practice. Hence the unit managers' professional role often entails conflicts of loyalty between competing interest on different levels in the organization. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate how the unit manager's work processes and professional role in a medium-sized municipality can be understood in relation to NPM. Methods: The study was conducted through individual interviews with eight unit managers in elderly care. Respondents were recruited through e-mail, all respondents worked in the same medium-sized municipality. The interviews were conducted using an interview guide. We used a qualitative empirically driven thematic analysis method to categorize our data. In our analysis we implored a deductive approach, using several concepts from a critical perspective in relation to NPM. Results: Unit managers' professional role in elderly care in the chosen municipality is largely characterized by budget, administrative work and a lot of time is devoted to evaluating different key figures. Thus, the way in which the professional role of unit managers and elderly care in general is organized, managed, and evaluated in the municipality we studied can be understood as a form of NPM. The position of unit managers is an intermediate position between the organization, staff, caregivers, and relatives. Unit managers are faced with many demands from management, from caregivers and from relatives. The biggest challenge both in the present and in the future is the recruitment of educated and experienced staff.

Polismyndigheten har i uppdrag av regeringen att med sitt kompetensförsörjande arbete öka sin tillväxt med 10 000 fler anställda till utgången av 2024. Mot bakgrund av kompetensförsörjningens styrande roll i en organisation syftar uppsatsen till att undersöka hur de olika styrformer som präglat offentlig sektor över tid har präglat Polismyndighetens kompetensförsörjande arbete. I uppsatsen tillämpas institutionell logik som analytisk lins, vilket innebär en analytisk inramning för att kunna studera de ömsesidiga relationerna mellan institutioner, individer och organisationer i sociala system. För detta ändamål används en byråkratisk logik, en managementlogik och en tillitslogik för att närmare undersöka de bärande principerna för att styra och organisera Polismyndighetens kompetensförsörjande arbete. Det teoretiska ramverket bygger på olika kännetecken utmärkande för de styrningsreformer som präglat offentlig förvaltning över tid. Med kvalitativ textanalys som metodologisk utgångspunkt har Polismyndighetens styrande regler, rutiner och beslut med relevans för det kompetensförsörjande arbetet bearbetats och tolkats. Resultatet tyder på att Polismyndighetens kompetensförsörjande arbete bär spår av de tre logikerna, med den byråkratiska logiken och managementlogiken tydligast framträdande. Observationer av tillitslogiken kunde enbart skönjas fragmentariskt, ett faktum som innebar utmaningar i tolkningen av logikens särskilda egenskaper för att styra och organisera. Uppsatsen presenterar därutöver ett resonemang kring logikernas samtidiga existens i modellen för kompetensförsörjning och vad detta kan innebära för Polismyndighetens mål om en ökad tillväxt.

I denna vetenskapliga essä undersöker jag begreppet helhetssyn som ord, dess historiska utveckling inom hälso- och sjukvård, hur det uppfattas inom aktuell forskning samt ur ett filosofiskt perspektiv. Fenomenologi, hermeneutik och existentialism utgör det filosofiska ramverket och jag låter dessa teorier gå i dialog med gestaltade berättelser från mitt yrkesutövande som fysioterapeut men också med mina reflektioner och tidigare erfarenheter. Hälsa är ett annat begrepp som undersöks eftersom det är nära besläktat med helhet och också något som människan strävar mot genom hela livet. Eftersom mitt arbete huvudsakligen utförs i möte med åldrade patienter ger jag extra mycket utrymme åt just åldrandet och kroniska sjukdom som fenomen. Den praktiska klokheten, kunskapsformen fronesis, växer fram som en grundläggande förutsättning för att kunna sträva mot helhetssyn med en etiskt grundad kvalitet. Även om jag kommer fram till att helhetssyn förmodligen är en utopi så är det fortfarande ytterst viktigt att sträva mot den. Den essentiella delaspekt av helhetssyn som vuxit fram vid sidan av fronesis väljer jag att benämna situasyn. Utmaningen kallas NPM. / In this scientific essay, I examine the concept of the holistic view — as a notion, its historical development in health and medical care, how it is perceived within current research, and from a philosophical perspective. Phenomenology, hermeneutics and existentialism constitute the philosophical framework and I let these theories go into dialogue with depicted stories from my professional practice as a physiotherapist, and also with my own reflections and past experiences. Health is another concept that I investigate because of its close relationship with wholeness, and also because it is something that man strives towards throughout his life. Since my work is mainly done in meetings with elderly patients, I give extra space to aging and chronic illness as phenomena. The practical wisdom, phronesis, as a form of knowledge, emerges as a basic prerequisite for being able to strive towards a holistic view of an ethically founded quality. Although I will argue that a holistic view is a utopic vision, I conclude that it is still important to strive towards it. The essential part of the holistic approach that emerged, alongside phronesis, I've chosen to call situasyn. The challenge is called NPM.

Submitted by LUIZ PEREIRA (lp0709@gmail.com) on 2018-07-13T17:12:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Final - LUIZ PEREIRA NUNES JUNIOR.pdf: 6221499 bytes, checksum: c48e4ec68c518b7d7e45ae47732e5abc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2018-07-16T12:32:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Final - LUIZ PEREIRA NUNES JUNIOR.pdf: 6221499 bytes, checksum: c48e4ec68c518b7d7e45ae47732e5abc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T18:03:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Final - LUIZ PEREIRA NUNES JUNIOR.pdf: 6221499 bytes, checksum: c48e4ec68c518b7d7e45ae47732e5abc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-18 / Objetivo - Este estudo pretende avaliar os impactos da implantação de um modelo orientado por resultado numa cultura burocrática. Metodologia - A pesquisa utilizou o estudo de natureza qualitativa, pelo fato de este proporcionar a investigação que melhor permite explorar, descobrir e entender a realidade de um fenômeno, observando o “valor” das evidências que podem ser obtidas, o que proporciona ao pesquisador detalhes relevantes dificilmente alcançados com o enfoque quantitativo. Para obter a maior percepção do fenômeno em estudo, utilizou-se como método de investigação o estudo de caso quanto aos meios, exploratório quanto aos fins, do tipo 1. O plano de pesquisa adotou uma extensa pesquisa bibliográfica, com o intuito de melhor se familiarizar com a investigação em questão. Durante essa fase foi também definida a questão de investigação e formuladas as questões norteadoras a serem investigadas com entrevistas semiestruturadas. Resultados – O estudo de caso mostrou que, apesar de existirem limitantes para a transição entre o modelo de administração burocrática e o modelo de administração gerencial, esta é possível, como demonstrado na Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro (SMUIH). Ficou caracterizada também a universalidade do modelo de administração gerencial, que pode ser aplicado a qualquer organização pública, municipal, estadual ou federal. Limitações – A principal limitação da pesquisa está na mudança na Prefeitura entre os anos 2016 e 2017, com troca de prefeito, secretários e diretrizes. Algumas informações da gestão anterior podem não estar disponíveis, não serem de conhecimento do novo time ou, ainda, a coleta e o registro de dados podem ter sofrido descontinuidade. Contribuições práticas – A partir desses resultados, as entidades públicas podem, além de enriquecer as discussões sobre a burocracia, aperfeiçoar sua gestão, buscando atingir melhores resultados e qualidade na entrega de seus produtos e serviços ao cidadão. Contribuições sociais – Devido ao elevado impacto do tema na sociedade, os dois modelos devem ser questionados para melhores resultados. O interesse crescente no modelo de administração gerencial deve-se à importância e à urgência em resolver os problemas públicos que enfrenta o mundo. Além disso, o pragmático reconhecimento de que os governos sozinhos não podem resolver efetivamente muitos desses problemas é algo diferente para os novos tempos. Originalidade – Este estudo contribui com informações relevantes para a melhoria do modelo burocrático, que podem ser aplicadas em muitos contextos diferentes e a qualquer entidade. O modelo burocrático tradicional vem se distanciando do cidadão, entretanto, atender às transformações é uma necessidade das organizações públicas, mesmo que não haja uma chamada “receita de bolo”, o que leva à convergência a um novo modelo gerencial. / Purpose - This study aims to evaluate the impacts of the implantation of a result- oriented model in a bureaucratic culture. Design/Methodology - The research used a qualitative study, since it provides a better investigation to explore, discover and understand the reality of a phenomenon, observing the "value" of the evidences that can be obtained. It provides relevant details to the researcher, which are difficult to capture with a quantitative approach. In order to obtain a better perception of the phenomenon under study, the research method employed was a case study, exploratory, type 1. An extensive literature review endorses the research plan and is the base for defining the research question and the guiding questions for the semi-structured interviews. Findings – The results showed that, although there are limitations to the transition between the bureaucratic management model and the managerial administration model, the transition is possible as demonstrated by the City of Rio de Janeiro (SMUIH). It also highlighted the universality of the managerial administration model, as it is possible to apply it to any public, Municipal, State or Federal organization. Research limitations – The main research limitation is the change in the City Hall government between 2016 and 2017 with the changing of Mayor, Secretaries and guidelines. Due to this government change, some information from the previous management may not be available, not be known by the new team, or the collection and recording of data may have suffered discontinuity. Practical implications– From these results, public entities can not only enrich discussions about bureaucracy, they can also improve their management in order to achieve better results and quality in the delivery of their products and services to citizens. Social implications– Due to the high impact on society, one should question both models for achieving best results. The growing interest for the managerial administration model is due to the importance and urgency of solving the public problems facing the world. Besides, the pragmatic recognition that governments alone cannot effectively solve many of these problems is something different for these new times. Originality– This study contributes with relevant information to the improvement of the bureaucratic model, which applies in many different contexts and to any entity. The traditional bureaucratic model has been distancing itself from the citizen, although responding to transformations is a necessity of public organizations, even if there is no "cake recipe" which leads to the convergence to a new managerial model.

In our highly digitalized society, the dependence on digital solutions and systems is integral to the function of society. While digitalization has brought numerous benefits, it has also exposed society to vulnerabilities, making it susceptible to cyberattacks. The structure of vital societal functions, involving private subcontractors and long and digital supply chains. Along with the cooperation between public and private entities having inherent weaknesses it has created a vulnerable system. As vital societal functions bear the responsibility for public services and the protection of the personal information in their possession, it is crucial that they remain open to critical examination. Due to the complexity of cybersecurity and closely related subjects, the media plays an important role in conveying a nuanced depiction of the hacker attacks and establishing important connections to closely related discourses. This is essential for fostering critical examination and public debate, especially considering the assumed limited prior knowledge of the public. This thesis examines in what way cyberattacks against vital societal functions are portrayed in the Swedish media discourses and what connections to closely related discourses are being made. The focus is specifically on New Public Management, Public-Private Partnership, and Digital Supply Chains. Through a discourses analysis using an analytical framework inspired by Carol Bacchi, this thesis concludes that cyberattacks against vital societal functions are represented in a simplified way. The vital connections to other discourses are few and weak, resulting in a content-poor discourse that possibly hinders both critical examination and a public discussion on the subject.

The object of this study is good governance, the context for its consideration is the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), and the disciplinary perspective from which it is considered is Public Administration. Good governance is a conceptual problematique. It is multi-dimensional, value-laden, trans-contextual and nebulous. The question of what good governance means is a subject of contestation. Good governance is used in NEPAD as a principle without the attempt to clarify its meaning at the conceptual level. Much of the existing body of scholarship on NEPAD also considers good governance largely as a principle rather than a concept. This erroneously presupposes unanimity on its meaning. The African leadership is divided on what good governance means in the context of NEPAD. In this regard scholarship largely fails to provide an intellectual solution. The extent of complexity of the concept in the study lies in the fact that the context of its consideration [NEPAD] is itself a subject of contestation whereas the disciplinary perspective [Public Administration] from which it is considered has not yet reached a consensus with itself about its theoretical base. Against this background the question that the study asks is, what does the concept good governance in the context of NEPAD mean for Public Administration? The study examines this question to make a contribution towards a better insight into, and broadening of, the body of scientific knowledge by engaging in conceptual, theoretical and philosophical studies to understand good governance in the context of NEPAD and determine its meaning for Public Administration. The study finds that the paradigm of engagement in the existing body of literature is framed in the binary logic, which is rooted in realist epistemology or positivism. This approach to scientific discourse is limited in dealing with complex conceptual, theoretical and philosophical questions. The study develops, as a contribution to science, an alternative epistemological framework from which good governance in the context of NEPAD could be understood. Such epistemological framework is, for the purpose of this study, termed the contingent co-existence of opposites. It is used to conceptualise good governance in the context of NEPAD and determine its meaning for Public Administration. / Public Administration / D.Litt. et Phil. (Public Administration)

The object of this study is good governance, the context for its consideration is the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), and the disciplinary perspective from which it is considered is Public Administration. Good governance is a conceptual problematique. It is multi-dimensional, value-laden, trans-contextual and nebulous. The question of what good governance means is a subject of contestation. Good governance is used in NEPAD as a principle without the attempt to clarify its meaning at the conceptual level. Much of the existing body of scholarship on NEPAD also considers good governance largely as a principle rather than a concept. This erroneously presupposes unanimity on its meaning. The African leadership is divided on what good governance means in the context of NEPAD. In this regard scholarship largely fails to provide an intellectual solution. The extent of complexity of the concept in the study lies in the fact that the context of its consideration [NEPAD] is itself a subject of contestation whereas the disciplinary perspective [Public Administration] from which it is considered has not yet reached a consensus with itself about its theoretical base. Against this background the question that the study asks is, what does the concept good governance in the context of NEPAD mean for Public Administration? The study examines this question to make a contribution towards a better insight into, and broadening of, the body of scientific knowledge by engaging in conceptual, theoretical and philosophical studies to understand good governance in the context of NEPAD and determine its meaning for Public Administration. The study finds that the paradigm of engagement in the existing body of literature is framed in the binary logic, which is rooted in realist epistemology or positivism. This approach to scientific discourse is limited in dealing with complex conceptual, theoretical and philosophical questions. The study develops, as a contribution to science, an alternative epistemological framework from which good governance in the context of NEPAD could be understood. Such epistemological framework is, for the purpose of this study, termed the contingent co-existence of opposites. It is used to conceptualise good governance in the context of NEPAD and determine its meaning for Public Administration. / Public Administration and Management / D.Litt. et Phil. (Public Administration)